scholarly journals MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET AND EXCHANGE POLICIES UNDER THE LAWS OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Hadi Yahya Saleh Mareeh ◽  
Adhita Sri Prabakusuma ◽  
Rami Abdullah Aleryani
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
International Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Means Of Production

What has been observed in the developing countries' economy is the dominance of hydrocarbons over exports which have reached 98% in recent years. This may have bad consequences in case oil prices collapse of fuel prices, taking into account that these are related to political, economic, and social variables occurring in the world. Besides, hydrocarbons are vital, yet they are on the way to disappearing. The agricultural sector is one of the most important ones that developing owns, and that is required to develop its way and means of production, which contributes to the development of Middle East countries exports outside hydrocarbon. The most important products are dates, olives, citrus, potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, grapes, and apricots. These products are considered the most important products that can contribute to the development of exports outside hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals The World Trade Organization (WTO) Rules and Regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Arfin Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Economic Method ◽  
The World

The WTO is a formally structured organization whose rules are legally binding on its member states. The organization provides a framework for international trade law. Indonesia has been part of WTO membership since 1995. However, the agreement does not always compatible with domestic economic policy particularly on agricultural sector. This article aims to understand the possibility of Indonesia’s economic development particularly on agriculture follow WTO’s policy track into greater prosperity. By using qualitative method, this article concluded that in a broad economic securitization, agricultural products actually have been neglected by securitizing actors (Indonesian government) to fulfill their basic needs in balancing the inequalities between rich and poor. Furthermore, Indonesia’s traditionalist economic method is incompatible with neoliberalist’s economic principle due to social and demographic diversity.

scholarly journals Impact of agricultural supports on competitiveness of agricultural products

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 286-295
Author(s):  
Hasan Arisoy
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Political Variable ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The agricultural sector is being supported in Turkey, as well as in the world. The issue of competitiveness is observed in agriculture, despite supports. This study aims at investigating the impact of agricultural supports in Turkey on competitiveness of agricultural products. Vector autoregression (VAR) model has been adopted in the study. The internal terms of trade (TOT), percentage producer support estimate (PSE), and the producer nominal protection coefficient (NPC) variables have been included in the model. The internal terms of trade in Turkey have developed over time against the benefit of agricultural sector. PSE has had a significant impact on TOT. Therefore, the use of PSE as a political variable has been concluded as a significant. Means of support must be discussed in Turkey more than the amount of supports. In particular, supports that will provide farmers with competitive advantage and boost up product farmyard prices will be more efficient and beneficial for farmers.

Regional pacts to facilitate global agriculture trade

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
The Impact

Subject The impact of preferential trade agreements on global agricultural trade. Significance Bilateral and regional trade agreements have proliferated since the late 1980s. They account for over 50% of world trade and their share is increasing, according to OECD estimates. These agreements are particularly significant for agricultural trade, principally because this sector has the most to gain from low tariff access to markets. Yet they raise the question of whether such agreements are the most effective instruments for reducing barriers to global agricultural trade. Impacts Agricultural products such as sugar and dairy are likely to continue appearing frequently on the 'sensitive products' list in PTAs. Japan's aversion to opening its agricultural sector represents a major hurdle to the TPP. The European Parliament will probably reject any TTIP agreement that requires abandoning the 'precautionary principle' on food standards.

scholarly journals PT. VELOX CREATIVE INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-84
Author(s):  
Dedi Setiawan ◽  
Fransisca Grace ◽  
Yolanda Aditya
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
International Market ◽  
Time Transformation ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Telecommunication Infrastructure ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World

From time to time, transformation are always happen because it is the key of innovation. Human always changing their mindset on how make things easier, practical, and right. The same goes to the company to keep on growing. Not only to going nowhere, but they need to get out of their comfort zone to grow rapidly by introducing the company to the international world. In this era, it is not really difficult to reach internatonal market, especially exporting/internationalization service than product manufactur. Scholars highlight four features that distinguish services from manufactured goods: (1) intangibility (services are not transportable or storable), (2) inseparability (production and consumption occur simultaneously), (3) perishability (services cannot be saved but must be consumed as they are produced), and (4) heterogeneity (services are unique and difficult to standardize) (e.g., Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry 1985) cause of that international trade in services witnessed discernible increase in the last two decades. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO) for the year 2013 the global services exports accounted for about one-fourth of total world exports, that is, US$4.7 trillion. It is interesting to note that this growth in services trade is the reverberation of technological advancement and improvements in telecommunication infrastructure (Banga & Kumar, 2010; Saez & Goswami, 2010) By using Nusantara project, couple of Indonesian companies are already built a partnership with the groups of Indonesian or overseas college students to exporting the company on international market.

On the Development Perspectives of the Kazakhstan Agro-sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Shyryn M. KANTARBAYEVA ◽  
Ainur Ye. KAIYRBAYEVA ◽  
Gaukhar M. RAKHIMZHANOVA ◽  
Maxat S. MYKHYBAYEV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
The Silk Road

The development of the economy in Kazakhstan is associated with the production level and economic growth in the agricultural sector. This attracts the attention of countries willing to invest in the agro-industrial sector of the republic. At the same time, it should be understood that much depends on the conditions that have been developed in the production and export of agricultural products and provisions. The development of the agrarian economy of the republic is greatly influenced by the development of this sphere in the nearest partner countries in political, economic and trade relations, such as Russia, Belarus and China. Within the initiative to revive the Silk Road, the Celestial Empire has a significant impact on the development prospects of Kazakhstan, including agrarian economy as well.  

scholarly journals CREATING STRATEGIES FROM TOWS MATRIX FOR STRATEGIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF KIPAŞ GROUP / DARNAUS VYSTYMOSI KIPAS GRUPĖJE STRATEGIJŲ KŪRIMAS REMIANTIS GGSS MATRICA

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Aslan ◽  
Orhan Çınar ◽  
Vilmantė Kumpikaitė
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Textile Sector ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Significant Factors

The aim of this study is to develop new strategies for sustainable development of a group and to establish a holding from several companies by considering the regulations in the World Trade, recent developments in textile sector and raising conflicts among stakeholders. In this study, internal analysis of the group was carried out with interviews, observations and surveys. To prepare external analysis, the economical situation of Turkey and the World was researched and categorized under standard PEST (Political – Economic – Sociocultural – Technological) categories. Later, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of the group was prepared and most significant factors were chosen. Important problems were identified and the purposes and objectives of the firm were determined by focusing on opportunities. In the light of these factors, TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Strengths) matrix was prepared to combine external and internal factors of the enterprise in order to deploy strategies. A new organization structure of the group was determined and presented based on these strategies. Santrauka Šio straipsnio tikslas – pateikti Turkijos Kipas grupės, veikiančios tekstilės ir aprangos pramonėje, darnaus vystymosi strategijas, reorganizuojant grupę į holdingą. Tokiam organizacijos apsisprendimui įtakos turėjo pasaulio prekybos reguliavimo tekstilės sektoriaus pokyčiai, auganti Kinijos tekstilės produkcijos pasiūla ir vidinių konfliktų tarp suinteresuotų asmenų grupės viduje augimas. Šiame tyrime pristatoma vidinė Kipas grupės aplinkos analizė. Ji atlikta remiantis interviu, stebėjimo ir apklausos rezultatais. Išorinė aplinkos analizė ir Turkijos bei pasaulio ekonominė situacija analizuota remiantis PEST analize. Vėliau parengta SSGG (stiprybių, silpnybių, galimybių, grėsmių) grupės analizė ir išskirti reikšmingiausi veiksniai, darantys poveikį. Orientuojantis į išskirtas galimybes, buvo nustatyti strateginiai organizacijos tikslai ir uždaviniai. Kitu žingsniu, remiantis atlikta analize, buvo atlikta dar viena – šį kartą GGSS (galimybių, grėsmių, silpnybių, stiprybių) analizė. Ji sujungė išanalizuotus išorinius ir vidinius organizacijos aplinkos veiksnius, siekiant sudaryti darnaus vystymosi strategijas. Dėl to Kipas grupei buvo pasiūlyta nauja organizacinė struktūra.

scholarly journals Chile – price band system and safeguard measures relating to certain agricultural products

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
KYLE BAGWELL ◽  
ALAN O. SYKES
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Band System ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Safeguard Measures ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Gatt 1994

This paper addresses the dispute brought to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by Argentina concerning certain Chilean measures affecting the importation of wheat, wheat flour, oil seeds, edible vegetable oils and sugar. The complaint by Argentina challenged two types of policies – a ‘price band system’ that was applicable to four of those product categories, and safeguard measures that were applicable to three of them. The WTO panel ruled in favor of Argentina on both sets of measures. It found that the price band system violated Article IV of the Agriculture Agreement and Article II of GATT 1994. The safeguard measures, according to the panel, violated various provisions of the Safeguards Agreement, as well as Article XIX of GATT 1994. Chile elected not to appeal the panel ruling regarding the safeguard measures, but did appeal the adverse finding as to the price band system. The Appellate Body subsequently affirmed in substantial part the finding that the price band system violated Article 4 of the Agriculture Agreement, but reversed the finding of a violation under Article II of GATT 1994. Chile has since indicated an intention to comply with the ruling, and an arbitration pursuant to Article 21.3 of the DSU determined that the reasonable period of time for compliance would expire on December 23, 2003.

The Forecast and Early Warning Research about Soybean Marke in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 63-64 ◽  
pp. 960-963
Author(s):  
Dong He ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Warning System ◽  
International Market ◽  
Soybean Product ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Soybean Industry ◽  
Farm Produce

After entering into the World Trade Organization，domestie farm produce market gradually melt into the international market. Thus as one of the most important oil plants，the soybean also receives the press from the international market. Consequenily,it is an important meaning to build the foreeast-warning system of soybean market for domestic soybean industry. In this paper，undergoing to survey the actuality of domestic soybean product，the output，demand and import of the soybean are forecasted using the method of the BPNN and the modified Logistic model.Two irnportant warning alert index of domestic soybean market, that is the dependence degree of the soybean import and the increasing ratio of the price of the soybean，are built the foreeast-warning model.In the end， suggestions corresponding to the early warning conclusion are given.

scholarly journals Improving Cinnamomum Burmannii Blume Value Chains for Farmer Livelihood in Kerinci, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Sidi Rana Menggala ◽  
P. V. Damme
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
International Market ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Product Certification ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Certification Standards

Cinnamon is the most common baking spice in the world. It comes from a small evergreen tree that's part of the Lauraceae family. Genus Cinnamomum regroups some species whose stem bark is harvested, conditioned and traded as cinnamon in the international market. Over the centuries, the species have been domesticated so that now at least six different ones are grown in Southeast Asia. One of the species is burmannii, also known as Koerintji Cinnamon, which generates income for numerous smallholder farmers in Kerinci district, Jambi, Indonesia. Koerintji cinnamon is known for its unparalleled quality that comes with its sharp and sweet flavour, with a slightly bitter edge. However, international market requirements for product certification and quality standards make it difficult for a farmer to comply. Our research will address issues related to (improvement of) productivity, sustainability and value chains faced by cinnamon producers in Kerinci, to strengthen their product’s value chains. Smallholder farmers are very vulnerable to a well-functioning market, and thus empowering the value chains of agricultural products will increase farmers resilience to have access to the market. The research will analyse the development of agricultural value chains, certification . standards on trade mechanism to help farmers earn a better income and prospects.

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