scholarly journals Kerentanan Sosial Ekonomi dan Resiliensi Keluarga Petani Miskin Selama Pandemi COVID-19: Kasus Dari Madura

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hoiril Sabariman ◽  
Anik Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Socioeconomic Vulnerability ◽  
Parental Assistance ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Poor Peasant ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Cost

The Covid-19 pandemic, in addition its health impacts, also has a serious impact to people's socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Socio-economic vulnerabilities due to the Covid-19 pandemic forced people to adapt, one of which was a poor peasant family in rural Madura. This article presents the results of research focusing on the socio-economic vulnerability of poor peasant family as well as various efforts in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Using descriptive qualitative approach and data collection method through participation observation, interviews, airy records, and documentation, this study revealed that the socioeconomic vulnerability of poor peasant family in Ponteh Village resulted from social restrictions so that the household income sector decreased. Though they have to adaptation meet the cost of household consumption, health threats in the Covid-19 pandemic. Adaptation strategy carried out by poor peasant family in rural areas is, first, building group solidarity according to values and norms that are strong, for example, mutual help in the form of basic needs. Second, every poor peasant family makes use of very strong family ties. Parental assistance as a source of supporting living is now a basic source used to make ends meet during pandemics. Third, poor peasant family in rural areas minimize household in spending and utilizing-social networks for business development. The contribution of this article is to provide views, efforts, accompanied by resilience in keeping the public from the threat of future pandemics.

The Experience in Organizing and Conducting the Analysis of Data on Nutrition of School-Aged Children in the Sverdlovsk Region within the Federal Public Health Promotion Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
NA Moiseeva ◽  
IL Kholstinina ◽  
MF Knyazeva ◽  
TV Mazhaeva ◽  
OL Malykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
School Meals ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Public Health Promotion

Introduction: Implementation of the Federal Public Health Promotion Project should raise awareness and develop skills of healthy nutrition in children, thus contributing to disease prevention. Our objective was to evaluate the results of pilot nutrition monitoring in school-aged children of the Sverdlovsk Region as part of the Federal Public Health Promotion Project and the National Demography Project. Results: We established that school meals were generally satisfactory: the rations complied with physiological needs of children in terms of their nutritional value, basic nutrients, energy, and distribution of calories by main meals. We noted differences in the cost and nutritional value of meals and the variety of dishes and foodstuffs used between urban and rural areas. As a rule, pupils have one or two school meals a day. Outside of school, their consumption of dairy products and fruit is limited. Conclusions: Our findings may promote the elaboration of municipal programs aimed, inter alia, at changing the amount of sugar and salt used in the manufacture of public catering products, the cost of dishes with a high content of sugar, saturated fats, and salt, and subsidies on healthy nutrition.

scholarly journals Urban Sustainability at the Cost of Rural Unsustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5466
Author(s):  
Guangwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Japan And China

Urban sustainability refers to building and maintaining cities that can continue to function without running out of resources. However, growing cities require more land and urban sprawl has transformed surrounding rural areas into urbanized settlements. Furthermore, the prosperity of large cities depends on the supply of both natural and human resources from rural areas, either nearby or remote. On the other hand, the use of resources of rural areas by cities may cause negative externalities to rural areas, affecting their sustainability. Therefore, a critical, but very much neglected issue, is how unban sustainability should be pursued without affecting rural sustainability. In this study, cases in Japan and China were analyzed from resources and population migration perspectives to provide evidence for the possibility that urban sustainability might have been pursued at the cost of rural unsustainability. It was intended to develop a better understanding of urban sustainability through the lens of externalities. Based on the analysis, a new framework for urban sustainability study was proposed, which consists of three new pillars. Namely, externality, vulnerability, and population instability.

scholarly journals Development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks delivering early defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in areas lacking timely access to emergency medical services (EMS) in Germany: a comparative economic study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e043791
Author(s):  
Jan Bauer ◽  
Dieter Moormann ◽  
Reinhard Strametz ◽  
David A Groneberg
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesThis study wants to assess the cost-effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Especially in rural areas with longer response times of emergency medical services (EMS) early lay defibrillation could lead to a significant higher survival in OHCA.Participants3296 emergency medical stations in Germany.SettingRural areas in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThree UAV networks providing 80%, 90% or 100% coverage for rural areas lacking timely access to EMS (ie, time-to-defibrillation: >10 min) were developed using a location allocation analysis. For each UAV network, primary outcome was the cost-effectiveness using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) calculated by the ratio of financial costs to additional life years gained compared with current EMS.ResultsCurrent EMS with 3926 emergency stations was able to gain 1224 life years on annual average in the study area. The UAV network providing 100% coverage consisted of 1933 UAV with average annual costs of €43.5 million and 1845 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €23 568). The UAV network providing 90% coverage consisted of 1074 UAV with average annual costs of €24.2 million and 1661 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €14 548). The UAV network providing 80% coverage consisted of 798 UAV with average annual costs of €18.0 million and 1477 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €12 158).ConclusionThese results reveal the relevant life-saving potential of all modelled UAV networks. Furthermore, all analysed UAV networks could be deemed cost-effective. However, real-life applications are needed to validate the findings.

Poverty Relief Programs in Postcommunist Countries: A Case Study on the Albanian and Chinese Programs

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110278
Author(s):  
Gentian Qejvanaj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Private Expenditure ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Cost

Social assistance is a cash transfer program targeting the poorest households. China has created the Dibao (DB), meaning minimum livelihood guarantee, the most extensive unconditional cash transfer program globally with over 70 million people covered, whereas in Albania, the Ndhime Ekonomike (NE) meaning financial help covers around 15% of the total working-age population. Both programs are means-tested, have strict requirements for eligibility, and have been enlarged and modified in time to improve targeting and tackling leakage. In this article, we will look at similarities and common issues first, and then calculate the cost of enlarging both programs to all working-age population with no means-testing. We argue that a UBI (universal basic income) can increase private expenditure in health and education while costing less than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) in both countries’ rural areas. We will conclude by looking at how the COVID-19 outbreak is pushing developing countries toward a UBI by first adopting a temporary basic income (TBI).

scholarly journals Social Integration and Depression of Older Adults in Rural China: Do Family or Friendship Ties Make a Difference?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 580-580
Author(s):  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Zhiyong Lin ◽  
Shuzhuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Relevant Evidence

Abstract Despite increasing acknowledgement that social integration/isolation is an important determinant of health in later life, relevant evidence for older adults in less developed social contexts is still limited. Data derived from 2015 and 2018 waves of a longitudinal study of 976 older adults, aged 60 and older, living in rural areas of Anhui Province, China. We analyzed how the level of social integration/isolation (measured as family and friendship ties) impacted depressive symptoms of older adults. Our results showed that more than half of older adults in our sample were either isolated from family or friends. Further analysis demonstrated that older people who were isolated from friends were more depressed in comparison with those who were closely integrated into friendship ties, while no such association was found in relation to family ties. Assessments of social integration among older adults should account for both family and friendship ties.

PROSTATE CANCER IN RURAL NIGERIA: DIMENSIONS, CULTURAL INTERPRETATIONS, COSTAND CARE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sola Aluko-Arowolo, ◽  
Saheed Akinmayowa Lawal ◽  
Isaac A. Adedeji ◽  
Ebun O. Oduwole ◽  
Victor Kolo
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
General Context ◽  
Rural Nigeria ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rural Dwellers

In connection with the global prevalence of prostate cancer, the incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria is an emerging burden that requires urgent attention. While most health policies have focused on the female gender and children, it has left most men at significant risk of health problems and challenges which are dire. In the general context of cancer and its predominance in the population of people aged 40 and over, middle aged and older men have been found to be increasingly at risk. Hence the paper examines the dimension of prostate cancer in rural Nigeria. Although socio-cultural and economic factors play significant role in the health-related decisions of the human population, the paper discusses the cultural interpretations associated with prostate cancer. It also engages previous studies being a review paper on the cost and care for people affected with the disease. In conclusion, the lack of commensurate coping resources, rural dwellers are disproportionally impacted, both by the disease and the socio-economic burdens of prostate cancer, hence the need for more policies/action to address prostate cancer prevalence and incidence in rural areas of Nigeria

scholarly journals Developments in rural areas in relation with developments in land and water management research in the Netherlands. I. Economic development and rural development plans.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
C. Bijkerk ◽  
C.G.J. Van Oostrom
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Land And Water Management ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Cost

Since 1900 seven successive stages can be distinguished in the development of agricultural engineering and in land and water management research in the Netherlands. The development process is traced from the introduction of fertilizers during 1900-1930, through mechanisation, improvement of water management and land accessibility, and increase in the size and specialisation of units, to increasing emphasis on the ecological and recreational value of land. The main features of economical development in agriculture after 1945 are disucssed, including changes in production volume, structure and costs, labour input and productivity, and the cost of wages. The influence of land and water management projects on the rise in agricultural productivity is considered, together with the present policy of selective growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Experimental Measurement of Rice Husk Effectiveness as an Alternative Adsorbent for Turbidity Reduction in Synthetic Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Noora Saad Faraj Al-Dulaimi ◽  
Samara Saad Faraj Al-Dulaimi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
The Cost

Providing a clean and high quality drinking water to both rural as well as urban areas is a great challenge by itself, adding to it the large volume requirements of such water at high population areas means a very high cost for such industry because mainly of the cost of expensive commercially available adsorbent used in this process. This led inhabitants of the remote and/or rural areas to use less quality water with all its risks and health challenges. In this study, a locally collected rice husk is tested to be used as an alternative adsorbent to the expensive common commercial ones. Parameters like adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of turbidity, and pH level were tested to investigate their effects on the process. Treatment of synthetic turbid water was done after changing these parameters to measure the effect of each parameter alone and the results showed a set of parameters that can be used to achieve high efficiency of turbidity removal. The study concluded that rice husk can be used as a well cheap alternative adsorbent to reduce the river water turbidity due to its availability and low cost with a decent removal efficiency approaching 95%.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE LEVELS IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dolata ◽  
Magdalena Jaworska ◽  
Magdalena Jaworska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Local Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this paper is to assess the leveland spatial differentiation of selected environmental governanceparameters in the context of implementing the sustainabledevelopment concept in rural areas of the Wielkopolskievoivodeship districts in 2005 and 2015. The research procedurewas made up of three steps: review of the relevant literatureand selection of indicators to describe the environmentalgovernance topics; analyzing the changes in, and spatial differentiationof, specific environmental governance components;and ranking the districts. The basic source of data wasthe online database delivered by the Central Statistical Officein Warsaw, the Local Data Bank. As shown by the results,there is considerable spatial differentiation of specific environmentalgovernance components; however, when analyzedglobally, environmental governance proves to be a relativelynon-diversified process. In 2015, the highest sustainabilitylevels were recorded in rural areas of the following districts:Złotów, Kępno and Jarocin. In turn, the lowest levels werefound in Września, Wągrowiec and Śrem districts.

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