scholarly journals Review : Kejadian mastitis dan kaitannya dengan vitamin dan Trace Mineral Cu, Zn, Se

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Yanuartono - Yanuartono ◽  
Alfarisa Nururrozi ◽  
Soedarmanto Indarjulianto ◽  
Hary Purnamaningsih ◽  
Nurman Haribowo
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Β Carotene

<p>Mastitis means inflammation of the udder and is a common disease among dairy cows worldwide. It is subdivided into clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis, both influence milk quality and quantity, and mastitis is therefore of major economic concern for the farmer. The incidence rate of mastitis varies between herds and depends on the exposure to pathogens, environmental and management factors and the immune status of the cow. Mastitis is associated with release of free radicals, increased total oxidant capacity and decreased total antioxidants capacity in milk. Vitamin C, E, , α tocopherol, A, β-karoten and trace mineral (Cu, Zn, and Se) feeding, as an antioxidant, in dairy cows have shown appreciable protective effects by reducing the incidence of mastitis.The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of Vitamins C, E, α tocopherol, A, β-carotene, Cu, Zn, and Se in the incidence of mastitis.</p>

scholarly journals Non-aureus Staphylococci and Bovine Udder Health: Current Understanding and Knowledge Gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen De Buck ◽  
Vivian Ha ◽  
Sohail Naushad ◽  
Diego B. Nobrega ◽  
Christopher Luby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Despite considerable efforts to control bovine mastitis and explain its causes, it remains the most costly and common disease of dairy cattle worldwide. The role and impact of non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) in udder health are not entirely understood. These Gram-positive bacteria have become the most frequently isolated group of bacteria in milk samples of dairy cows and are associated with (mild) clinical and subclinical mastitis. Different species and strains of NAS differ in their epidemiology, pathogenicity, virulence, ecology and host adaptation, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. They have distinct relationships with the microbiome composition of the udder and may also have protective effects against other mastitis pathogens. Some appear to persist on the skin and in the teat canal and udder, while others seem to be transient residents of the udder from the environment. Analyzing genotypic and phenotypic differences in individual species may also hold clues to why some appear more successful than others in colonizing the udder. Understanding species-level interactions within the microbiome and its interactions with host genetics will clarify the role of NAS in bovine mastitis and udder health.

scholarly journals Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy cows in the Moghan region of Ardabil State, Iran : short communication

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ghazaei
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Bulk Tank

Mycoplasmas are an important and economically significant cause of mastitis in dairy cows in various parts of the world. The organisms are highly contagious, with the main reservoir of infection originating from cows with subclinical mastitis. In 1998 the 1st cases of bovine mastitis due to Mycoplasma bovis were diagnosed in Ardabil State, Iran. An investigation was carried out with the aim of establishing the extent of mycoplasma infections in dairy cows in Ardabil State. Milk samples obtained from 80 cows with clinical mastitis were cultured in the laboratory for the presence of mycoplasmas. Similarly, 48 bulk-tank milk samples were examined for the presence of mycoplasmas. A modified Hayflick broth was used to isolate the mycoplasmas and an immunoperoxidase test used for the species identification of the isolates. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from 39 (48.75 %) of the clinical mastitis samples and from 48 of the bulk-tank milk samples tested. This indicated that mycoplasma udder infections were more prevalent in dairy cows in Ardabil State than previously thought.

scholarly journals Spatial Dependence of Udder Surface Temperature Variation in Dairy Cows with Healthy Status and Mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodes Ângelo Batista da Silva ◽  
Héliton Pandorfi ◽  
Gledson Luiz Pontes de Almeida ◽  
Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro ◽  
Marcos Vinícius da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Variability Pattern ◽  
Thermographic Camera ◽  
Positive Classification

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to assess the spatial variability pattern concerning udder surface temperature in dairy cows that were healthy and in those with mastitis. A total of 24 animals were selected - eight healthy, eight with subclinical mastitis, and eight with clinical mastitis. Images were taken with a Flir i60 thermographic camera - resolution of 0.01°C, focal length of 1.0 m, and emissivity adjusted to 0.98 - between 05:00 and 07:00, totaling 96 images, three per animal, of the front and rear, right and left mammary quarters. Analyses were run through geostatistics, with semivariogram adjustment to validate the theoretical model and build kriging maps. The average surface temperature of the mammary quarters with positive classification for subclinical mastitis stood between 33.2 ± 0.67ºC and 34.64± 1.07ºC; for negative quarters, values ranged from 29.3 ± 1.78ºC to 32.24 ± 0.62ºC. The udder surface temperatures of healthy animals were lower than those of animals with subclinical mastitis (29.3ºC ± 1.78 and 31.58ºC ± 0.62). The udder surface temperature of animals with clinical mastitis was higher, between 34.0 and 37.5°C, compared to the other clinical statuses. The scale adopted for image pattern analysis successfully identified the spatial dependence of udder surface temperature, which helped standardize diagnostic procedures for healthy animals, and for those with subclinical and clinical mastitis, by means of geostatistics.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mastitis on Reproductive Parameters of Dairy Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
F. Zigo ◽  
A. Adamová ◽  
M. Vasiľ ◽  
J. Elečko ◽  
S. Ondrašovičová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Service Period ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of mastitis and its impact on the reproductive parameters in a herd of 180 dairy cows. Based on the herd records 127 cows of Slovak spotted cattle and their crosses with red Holstein were selected for study between 1—2 months after calving. The examination of the health status of the mammary glands consisted of: the clinical examination of the udder, the California mastitis test (CMT) supplemented by the collection of mixed milk samples, and the laboratory examination of bacterial pathogens causing the mastitis. In addition to the mam­mary investigation, reproduction indicators such as the length of the insemination interval, the service period, the intercalving period and the insemination index were also analyzed. The results of this study indicated: a high incidence of mastitis (41.6 %), especially latent (21.2 %), subclinical (15.7 %) and clinical (4.7 %) forms were most common in the herd. The most frequently isolated bacteria from the infected milk samples were: coagulase negative staphylococci (54.1 %), S. aureus (16.9 %), Streptococcus spp. (15.0 %), A. viridans (7.5 %) and Ent. faecalis (6.4 %). According to the available literature, the optimum values of the intercalving period were 365—400 days, the insemination interval 55—80 days, the insemination index 1.2—2 and the service period 60—110 days. In comparison, our results showed increased, unsatisfactory reproductive values in the group of dairy cows with clinical mastitis. While in healthy cows as well as in groups of cows with latent and subclinical mastitis, all of the reproductive indicators were within the optimal levels.

SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN LACTATING COWS: COMPARISON OF FOUR SCREENING TESTS AND EFFECT OF ANIMAL FACTORS ON ITS OCCURRENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Badiuzzaman ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
SHMF Siddiki ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
S Saha
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Cultural Isolation

A total of 444 quarter milk samples from 111 crossbred dairy cows were subjected to California mastitis test (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC) test, white side test (WST) and surf field mastitis (SFMT) test to quantify their efficacy in detecting sub clinical mastitis in dairy cows of Bangladesh during the period from 2010 to 2011.Milk samples positive by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT were 265,230, 225 and 222 respectively. All samples were subjected to cultural isolation (gold standard test for comparison of indirect mastitis tests). Of these, 261 samples were positive by cultural isolation. The sensitivity of the CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT were 80.08%, 86.60%, 60.54% and 57.47%; specificity 69.40%, 97.81%, 63.38% and 60.66%; percentage accuracy 75.68%,91.22%, 61.71%  and 58.78%; positive predictive value 78.87%, 98.26%, 70.22% and 67.57%; and negative predictive value 70.95%, 83.64%, 52.97% and 50%respectively. Quarter-wise sub clinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 59.68%, 51.80%, 50.68% and 50% samples by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT, respectively, while animal-wise SCM was recorded in 72.07%, 66.67%, 64.86% and 61.26% samples by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT, respectively. The right hind quarters were most significantly (p<0.001) susceptible to SCM than other quarters. Cows with 3rd and 4th parity and at their early lactation stage had significantly higher (p<0.001) SCM than others. Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of CMT. CMT was concluded to be the most accurate test after cultural isolation and SCC. Unlike laboratory tests as cultural isolation and SCC that require adequate laboratory facilities and skilled personnel, CMT is a reliable diagnostic method in field conditions.

scholarly journals Assessment of udder health in lame cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hisira ◽  
Pavel Slovák ◽  
Paulína Marčeková ◽  
Marián Kadaši ◽  
Pavol Mudroň
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
White Line ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Sole Ulcers

The objective of this study was to assess the udder health in lame dairy cows. The study was performed on 35 dairy cows which were admitted to the Clinic of Ruminants. The most frequent claw diseases were white line abscess (28.6%) and toe necrosis (28.6%), followed by digital dermatitis (17.1%), toe ulcers (14.3%), and sole ulcers (11.4%). The prevalence of mastitis in lame cows was 74.3% (26); clinical mastitis was detected in 5 (19.2%) and subclinical mastitis in 21 (80.8%) dairy cows. Distribution of mastitis was similar in terms of front (52.54%) and rear quarters (47.46%). For statistical analyses of mastitis grade in lame dairy cows, a six-point Mastitis Score was created based on physical examination of the mammary gland and results of California Mastitis Test. The Mastitis Score tended to be higher in cows with corium inflammation than in those with digital dermatitis (10.0 and 6.5, respectively). Microbiological culture of 24 positive milk samples was performed and intra-mammary pathogens were isolated in 18 (75%) samples. The most prevalent bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci (50%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (16.7%), Proteus spp. (11.1%), and Aerococcus viridians (11.1%). Of the total bacteria, contagious pathogens were determined in two milk samples (11.1%). In conclusion, high prevalence of mastitis was detected in lame cows suffering from claw diseases without a significant effect of the type of claw diseases on the mastitis grade. Moreover, the dominating isolation of environmental pathogens may be a result of longer lying period of animals affected with lameness.

scholarly journals The Role of Antioxidant to Prevent Free Radicals in The Body

Sains Medika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Thomas Zulaikhah
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractAntioxidants are compounds that can counteract or reduce the negative impact oxidants in the body. Antioxidants work by donating an electron to compounds that are oxidant so that the oxidant compound activity can be inhibited. Antioxidants are classified into two, namely antioxidant enzymes and non-enzyme. Antioxidant enzymes as enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a non-enzyme antioxidant found in many vegetables and fruits, which include reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, E, β- carotene, flavonoids, isoflavones, flavones, antosionin, catechins, and isokatekin, and lipoic acid. Low antioxidant enzymes can be used as a marker of high levels of free radicals in the body. Following review aims to provide an overview of the role of antioxidants in preventing the formation of free radicals in the body.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predisposing factors of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Bakir, Sukomulyo Village, Batu Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Mira Fatmawati ◽  
◽  
Ani Setianingrum ◽  
Ajeng Erika Prihastuti Haskito ◽  
Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Before And After

Udder inflammation in dairy cows known as mastitis is still a major problem in dairy industry. Economic loss caused by mastitis burden on farmers due to decrease on milk yield and decrease on the milk quality. Most of traditional farmers recognize clinical mastitis as the symptoms was obvious, while subclinical mastitis were not easy to detect and can be potential source of infection for the herd. Detection on subclinical mastitis were using indirect test california mastitis test (CMT) and direct test with Somatic Cell Count (SCC). This research was a cross sectional study using udder quarters milk sample from traditional dairy farms in Bakir, Sukomulyo village, Batu regency. Field test conduct uding CMT and SCC counting in laboratorium. Data collection using Questionnaire were conduct to asses predisposing variables on farmers. Result shows prevalence of subclinical mastitis based on SCC was 60,22% and based on CMT 18,20% of quarter sampels. Predisposing factors that have effect on mastitis were the sanitation of the cow and the farm before and after the milking process.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Diasty ◽  
Hager Talaat ◽  
Samar Atwa ◽  
Elzahraa Elbaz ◽  
Mohamed Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To study the prevalence of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Design: Case-control study. Animals: 415 lactating Holstein cows. Procedures: A total of 896 quarter milk samples were collected aseptically from 415 dairy cows for bacteriological examination (mastitic cows, n=50; healthy cows, n=174). Identification of different bacterial isolates followed by antibiotic sensitivity test for Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) was carried out, using disc-diffusion method against 13 different antibiotics. Results: 224 out of 415 cows (54%) were proven to be mastitic (12% clinical mastitis, 42 % subclinical mastitis). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the prevalent isolate (32%). CNS was recorded in 25.7 % of clinical cases and 34% of subclinical mastitis. The antibiogram of CNS isolates against 13 different antibiotics revealed high level of resistance to ampicillin (85%) and oxacillin (85%). However, they were less resistant to vancomycin (5%). The other antibiotics showed variable levels of resistance ranging from 40-75%. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the most common bacteria isolated from mastitic cases. Multi-drug resistance was observed among CNS with high resistance to ampicillin and penicillin, so the use of such B-lactam antibiotics should be restricted specially if there were suspected cases of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci.

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