scholarly journals Revisionisme Sejarah Jepang terhadap Peristiwa Pembantaian Nanjing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-66
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Rianti Sukma Nanda ◽  
Joko Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Society ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
Shared Beliefs ◽  
Nanjing Massacre ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

This study examines Japan's historical revisionism related to the Nanjing Massacre during its 1937 invasion in the People's Republic of China. In 2015, UNESCO's response to include the Nanjing Massacre in the "Memory of the World Register" received backlash from Abe's government, resulting in a budget suspension from Japan. Japan wanted to be seen as a good country, leaving behind its past image as a war aggressor through historical revisionism. Using the concept of Shared Beliefs and Therapeutic Value, this article analyses homogeneous Japanese society that regards the Nanjing Massacre as something the Japanese government should not be apologetic about and the heterogeneous historical facts of the massacre itself. Finding suggests that Therapeutic Value from the denial comes from the failure of the U.S. and its allies to provide a deterrent effect post-WWII that resulted in victimization and melodrama promoted by the Japanese government. The government also uses narratives such as Toa Renmei Ron and Kami no Kuni as the main argument to boost Japanese superiority as a country. However, such revisionist strategy of the Nanjing Massacre is proven a failure to promote peace among the younger generation.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PENGKARYAAN KEMBALI PEKERJA SENIOR JEPANG PASCA PENSIUN (SUDUT PANDANG PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR)

IZUMI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Dewi Saraswati Sakariah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Society Today

This study discusses about the phenomenon of the re-employed senior workers after retirement in Japan’s manufacturing companies. Japan is a country with the fastest aging population in the world that has many problems in itspopulation demographic.Meanwhile, the government launched intensifying efforts to make Japan rises from its economic recession since the 1990s.One of the efforts is call on each of the people who is still able to work to contribute to the employment sector in order to achieve economic growth strategy.One of the encouraged groups isthe post-retirementsenior workers in Japan’s manufacturing companies.The call on was well received while a number of companies were adopting this system with several different reasonsnamely life expectancy increases, the government calls to the people, the needs of the company's senior workers for productivity and skill transfering, the salary and the company's view of the young workers. This research will be interpreted by sosial changes perspective in society from Anthony Giidens. This study concludes that the phenomenon of the re-employed senior workers after retirement is the result of social changes that has occurred in Japanese society today.

Ainu in modern Japanese society: the problem of returning the remains of ancestors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-113
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Chekunkova
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ethnic Policy ◽  
Activist Groups ◽  
Near Future

The article is devoted to the issue of repatriation of Ainu ancestral remains, collected by Japanese researchers in the second half of the 19th - 20th centuries. It is the most crucial current issue for many Ainu people who are trying to regain the language, the distinct culture, and identity. The article analyzes the positions of the Japanese Government, the Hokkaido Ainu Association and Ainu rights activist groups and movements. The article examines the contradictions that arose in Japanese society concerning the process of repatriation. Discussions in Japanese society during this problem were analyzed, and its significance for the Ainu communities is revealed. It was found that the discussions mainly arise in connection with the idea of transferring the remains to the memorial hall located in Symbolic Spaces for Ethnic Harmony, which was opened in July 2020. Research also showed that the problem under study is largely related to limitations in ethnic policy implementation and realization of indigenous peoples rights in Japan. In addition, the process of repatriation of Ainu ancestral remains is compounded by the lack of unity of the Ainu as a community. Therefore, reaching agreement between the government, the academic community, and critical Ainu rights activist groups proved extremely difficult. However, it was concluded that there is a potential to resolve the issue and consensus could be reached in the near future.

The Japanese Military ‘Comfort Women’ Issue and the 1965 System: Comfort Women of the Empire and Two-fold Historical Revisionism

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-227
Author(s):  
Young-hwan Chong
Keyword(s):  
Women Victims ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Comfort Women ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Selection Of

Since its publication in 2013, Park Yuha’s book Comfort Women of the Empire (Cheguk ŭi wianbu) has become a major point of contention for those concerned with the “comfort women” issue. However, while this book has been frequently cited amidst the recent maelstrom of Japan–Korea relations, the actual content of the book has received insufficient scrutiny. The aim of this article is to concretely examine the content and problematic aspects of Park’s book, building on research that has been carried out since the 1990s into the ‘comfort women’ issue and the question of post-war reparations. Based on the assumption that the Japanese government does not have any legal responsibilities, Park’s book claims that: 1) the “comfort women” victims do not have any right to claim compensation for damages from the Japanese government; 2) even if they did have such a right, the government of the Republic of Korea gave up all rights of claim at the Japan–Korea negotiations that concluded with the Treaty of 1965; and 3) the “economic cooperation” funds that the ROK received as a result of this Treaty were in fact a form of post-war reparations related to the Sino–Japanese War. However, Park has been unable to provide satisfactory grounds for these claims, due to the fact that her book Comfort Women of the Empire does not have an accurate understanding of the preceding research it uses. I argue that Park’s work contains serious methodological flaws, including a failure to define core concepts, such as reparations; the existence of mutually contradictory passages; the arbitrary selection of evidence to support her arguments; and the misuse of previous research. As a result, the book has critical flaws from the standpoint of its fundamental stated aim of promoting historical reconciliation.

scholarly journals Vaccination In The Fight Against Covid-19 As A State Defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Michelle Angelika S ◽  
Slamet Tri Wahyudi ◽  
Yohanes Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Disaster ◽  
State Defense ◽  
And Control

Since the end of 2019 the world has been shocked by the emergence of the COVID-19 virus, which spreads very quickly. Starting from the country of origin, namely the People's Republic of China, until in early March, Indonesia announced two positive cases of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic is a threat to the Indonesian state. Various efforts have been made by the government to prevent and control the spread of this virus, ranging from restricting activities, maintaining distance, using masks, washing hands to developing vaccines. This effort is being carried out by the government as a form of state defense in fighting COVID-19. This research proves that COVID-19 is a social disaster that afflicts all walks of life, one of the methods for overcoming the Covid-19 outbreak by involving itself in the vaccination program organized by the authorities as a form of state defense.

scholarly journals Government Effort in Preventing The Spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 953-958
Author(s):  
Ratnawati Ratnawati
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Short Time

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndr ome Coronavirus2. Sars-Cov-2 is a new type of coronavirus that infects thousands of millions of people in the world in a short time. Anticipating the increase in the spread of infection due to COVID-19, the government urges all people to adopt a new lifestyle during the pandemic. Prevention efforts carried out by the government are the implementation of Health Protocols, Adaptation of New Habits, Large-Scale Social Restrictions, and Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities. This scientific work aims to determine the prevention efforts made by the government in reducing the spread of covid-19. This research method uses literature studies or studies of journals regarding the prevention of COVID-19. The results show that the efforts made by the DKI Jakarta Government in preventing the spread of covid-19 by implementing Health Protocols (washing hands with soap, wearing masks, social distancing, maintaining distance, self-isolation), New Adaptations/New Normal, Large-Scale Social Restrictions, and Enforcement Restrictions on Community Activities. The conclusion is the efforts to prevent the spread of covid-19 carried out by the DKI Jakarta Government as a change in the order of people's lives by applying various rules. This is done to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in the community. Then it is necessary to enforce strict and real punishments for violators in the form of fines large enough to create a deterrent effect for people who violate the policies and rules that have been applied.

On retroeconomy

2017 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
V. Papava
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This paper analyzes the problem of technological backwardness of economy. In many mostly developing countries their economies use obsolete technologies. This can create the illusion that this or that business is prosperous. At the level of international competition, however, it is obvious that these types of firms do not have any chance for success. Retroeconomics as a theory of technological backwardness and its detrimental effect upon a country’s economy is considered in the paper. The role of the government is very important for overcoming the effects of retroeconomy. The phenomenon of retroeconomy is already quite deep-rooted throughout the world and it is essential to consolidate the attention of economists and politicians on this threat.

Book Reviews

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Zoltán Ádám ◽  
László Csaba ◽  
András Bakács ◽  
Zoltán Pogátsa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
East European ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

István Csillag - Péter Mihályi: Kettős kötés: A stabilizáció és a reformok 18 hónapja [Double Bandage: The 18 Months of Stabilisation and Reforms] (Budapest: Globális Tudás Alapítvány, 2006, 144 pp.) Reviewed by Zoltán Ádám; Marco Buti - Daniele Franco: Fiscal Policy in Economic and Monetary Union. Theory, Evidence and Institutions (Cheltenham/UK - Northampton/MA/USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Co., 2005, 320 pp.) Reviewed by László Csaba; Piotr Jaworski - Tomasz Mickiewicz (eds): Polish EU Accession in Comparative Perspective: Macroeconomics, Finance and the Government (School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College of London, 2006, 171 pp.) Reviewed by András Bakács; Is FDI Based R&D Really Growing in Developing Countries? The World Investment Report 2005. Reviewed by Zoltán Pogátsa

Nuclear Strategy in the Modern Era

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Narang
Keyword(s):  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Nuclear Forces ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
International Stability ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Era

The world is in a second nuclear age in which regional powers play an increasingly prominent role. These states have small nuclear arsenals, often face multiple active conflicts, and sometimes have weak institutions. How do these nuclear states—and potential future ones—manage their nuclear forces and influence international conflict? Examining the reasoning and deterrence consequences of regional power nuclear strategies, this book demonstrates that these strategies matter greatly to international stability and it provides new insights into conflict dynamics across important areas of the world such as the Middle East, East Asia, and South Asia. The book identifies the diversity of regional power nuclear strategies and describes in detail the posture each regional power has adopted over time. Developing a theory for the sources of regional power nuclear strategies, the book offers the first systematic explanation of why states choose the postures they do and under what conditions they might shift strategies. It then analyzes the effects of these choices on a state's ability to deter conflict. Using both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the book shows that, contrary to a bedrock article of faith in the canon of nuclear deterrence, the acquisition of nuclear weapons does not produce a uniform deterrent effect against opponents. Rather, some postures deter conflict more successfully than others. This book considers the range of nuclear choices made by regional powers and the critical challenges they pose to modern international security.

Making It Count

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Statistics ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Great Leap Forward

In 1949, at the end of a long period of wars, one of the biggest challenges facing leaders of the new People's Republic of China was how much they did not know. The government of one of the world's largest nations was committed to fundamentally reengineering its society and economy via socialist planning while having almost no reliable statistical data about their own country. This book is the history of efforts to resolve this “crisis in counting.” The book explores the choices made by political leaders, statisticians, academics, statistical workers, and even literary figures in attempts to know the nation through numbers. It shows that early reliance on Soviet-inspired methods of exhaustive enumeration became increasingly untenable in China by the mid-1950s. Unprecedented and unexpected exchanges with Indian statisticians followed, as the Chinese sought to learn about the then-exciting new technology of random sampling. These developments were overtaken by the tumult of the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961), when probabilistic and exhaustive methods were rejected and statistics was refashioned into an ethnographic enterprise. By acknowledging Soviet and Indian influences, the book not only revises existing models of Cold War science but also globalizes wider developments in the history of statistics and data. Anchored in debates about statistics and its relationship to state building, the book offers fresh perspectives on China's transition to socialism.

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