scholarly journals Konflik Kepentingan dalam Liberalisasi Perdagangan Garam Tahun 2009-2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Esti Renatalia Tanaem ◽  
Puguh Toko Arisanto
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Tariff Reduction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Production Program ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Pros And Cons

The trade liberalization of the domestic salt sector in Indonesia indicated by tariff reduction faced pros and cons. By using the concept of two-level games and governmental process, the authors found that there was a political upheaval of actors both from bureaucrats and interest groups adorning the political process in salt liberalization in Indonesia. Political upheaval occurred due to the tug of war between the two opposing parties. The pros, represented by the Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Trade, importers, and mafias supported imports of salt to meet domestic needs that cannot be fulfilled by domestic salt productions, both in quality and quantity. While the cons represented by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and salt farmers - both from associations and from non-associations - demanded salt import reduction to support the domestic salt production program and the sustainability of the domestic salt industries. Keywords: liberalization, salt, two level games, political upheaval, tug of war

scholarly journals THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL OVER THE IMPLEMENTATION SHARIA-NUANCED REGIONAL REGULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Musahadi Ham
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Belief System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons

The positivation of Sharia (Islamic law) is an important topic that remains interesting to raise when discussing the institutionalization of Sharia in Indonesia. This topic is also a significant theme in the discussions of Islamic law in other parts of the Islamic world. How to make Islamic law as legal rules that apply nationally is one of the primary agenda. The objective is clear, that is so that Islamic law is neither merely an ideal law found in the collective awareness in the community’s belief system nor an "archive" discussed to satisfy the needs of intellectual exercise in academic institutions. It should become the law that applies positively. The establishment of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Law Number 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts, and Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 1991 concerning the compilation of Islamic laws became important milestones in the history of Islamic law in Indonesia. Since the beginning of the reform era, the implementation of Islamic Sharia entered a new phase, as marked by the flourishing of Sharia regional regulations in various regions. The emergence of the Sharia regional regulations is certainly through serious political struggles, given that the real law is a product of the political process. The regional regulations, at the same time, has been through a massive ideological struggle, because the plurality of religions and ideologies in Indonesia will be powerful energy for the emergence of pros and cons of the emergence of this regional regulation. This article will explain the political and ideological struggle around the Sharia regional regulation.

The Significance of The 2014 Local Elections in Turkey for Decentralisation and Local Autonomy

2016 ◽  
pp. 364-389
Author(s):  
Ugur Sadioglu ◽  
Kadir Dede ◽  
Ali Arda Yüceyılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Local Election ◽  
Election Process ◽  
City Model ◽  
Election Results

30 March 2014 Local Elections were held in Turkey at the end of an extraordinarily political process and in a highly polarized atmosphere. The election exceeded the limits of the characteristic of “being local” due to such developments recorded in the pre-election period as anti-government social opposition raised against Justice and Development Party (JDP) by Gezi Park protests, tension between judicial and executive organs resulting from the power struggle between the political, social and economic interest groups and corruption investigations opened against the ministers. Ruling JDP Government turned the election into a confidence vote and Turkey entered into the local election process with the new metropolitan model (“Whole City” model). Colorful, vivid and costly election process ended up with a political geography of local election, which should be subjected to new and important analyses. Thus this chapter discusses the issue of local autonomy over pre-election propaganda process, new metropolitan municipality model, election results and political geography analyses.

Die Bretter, die gebohrt werden, bleiben dick

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Strünck
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Responsibility ◽  
Parliamentary Government ◽  
Political Finance

AbstractDeregulation of the political process could be an instrument to reduce the overwhelming power of specialised interest groups and tighten the links between voters and politicians. But deregulation causes serious problems. Reputation pooling by international political enterprises depends on a transnational public sphere which is quite unrealistic. And political enterprises are not capable of shaping candidates for public service. Putting political finance in the hands of voters simply moves lobbying activities to the level of voters and does not change the asymmetrical influence of interest groups. Above all, the idea that political enterprises exchange experts in parliament does not fit into the crucial principle of parliamentary government and political responsibility.

Toward Reducing Pediatric Injuries From Firearms: Charting a Legislative and Regulatory Course

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Katherine Kaufer Christoffel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Pediatric Injuries ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Parent Educators

Each year in the United States, approximately 3000 children and adolescents younger than age 20 die as a result of homicides, suicides, and unintentional injuries from firearms. The young children, relatives, neighbors, and friends of the 30 000 adults killed by firearms each year in the United States are also affected by this uniquely American epidemic. It is estimated that half of all American homes contain 200 million firearms, including 60 million handguns. Increasingly, pediatricians are becoming involved in efforts to reduce the prevalence of injuries from firearms, as parent educators, experts on children and adolescents, and advocates in the political process. This commentary is intended to aid in the last of these roles. The advocacy goal is identified as reducing the accessibility of guns in the environments of children and adolescents. The pros and cons of 17 possible approaches—ranging from mandatory safety courses in schools to handgun bans—are presented. It is concluded that, while there is no perfect approach, many available approaches will help; there is every reason to be both bold and optimistic.

THE GROUPS OF INTEREST IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS: THEORY AND PRACTICE

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Zinaida Balabayeva
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Applied Aspect ◽  
Political Process Theory ◽  
American Authors

The article discusses the theoretical and applied problems of interaction between the state and interest groups. The main provisions of the theory of groups with the classical works of American authors, including A.Bentli, J. Madison, T.Dye, A.Pross. Applied aspect of interaction between the state and interest groups is seen in the examples of Ukrainian politics. Analyzes the work of Ukranian scientists: Teleshun S.O., Reyterovich I.V. and Lisnichuk O.V. Defines features of dialogue between the state and interest groups in the conditions of decentralization of public administration.

Japan's Salt Production Program Hits Snags

1939 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 276-278
Author(s):  
John R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Production Program ◽  
Salt Production

The Tribal Impact on Political Stability in Sudan

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-188
Author(s):  
Abdu Mukhtar Musa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Conflict Escalation ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cultural Structure

As in most Arab and Third World countries, the tribal structure is an anthropological reality and a sociological particularity in Sudan. Despite development and modernity aspects in many major cities and urban areas in Sudan, the tribe and the tribal structure still maintain their status as a psychological and cultural structure that frames patterns of behavior, including the political behavior, and influence the political process. This situation has largely increased in the last three decades under the rule of the Islamic Movement in Sudan, because of the tribe politicization and the ethnicization of politics, as this research reveals. This research is based on an essential hypothesis that the politicization of tribalism is one of the main reasons for the tribal conflict escalation in Sudan. It discusses a central question: Who is responsible for the tribal conflicts in Sudan?

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