Technological Qualities of Grain of Winter Crops Depending on the Sowing Time and Weather Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2262-2265
Author(s):  
T.S. Vershinina
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Winter Crops

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF FORMATION OF THE SQUARE OF BEETS PLANTS OF BEETS DEPENDING ON VARIETY SPECIAL FEATURES AND TERMS OF SEEDING UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Inna Palamarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of studies on the dynamics of the formation of the area of leaves of plants of beetroot canteen depending on varietal characteristics and sowing time in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Right-Bank Ukraine are presented. The dependence of the growth and development of beetroot plants on varietal characteristics and sowing dates, as well as on weather conditions that were in the studied time, was revealed. The largest number of leaves in the phase of intensive root formation was formed by plants with a sowing period of I decade of May: 13.3 pcs. / plant – Bordo Kharkivskiy, 13.1 pcs. / plant – Opolskiy. The greatest mass of the root crop in the phase of intensive root formation was planted at a sowing period of the third decade of April: the Bordo Kharkivskiy – 72.4 g, the variety Opolskiy – 43.5 g. The same pattern was observed when taking into account the mass of the aerial part of beetroot. In the Bordo Kharkivskiy variety, it varied from 92.4 g to 87.5 g depending on the sowing time, in the Opolskiy variety from 33.7 g to 31.7 g, that is, the beet plants of the Bordo Kharkivskiy cultivar formed a significantly larger mass of the aerial part in comparison with the Opolskiy variety. Plants were sown with the largest leaf area at a sowing period of the 3rd decade of April: in the Bordo Kharkivskiy – 1.2 – 4.0 thousand m2 / ha, in the Opolskiy variety – 1.0 – 2.3 thousand m2 / ha. According to the results of the crop accounting, it was found that it depended on the variety and sowing period of beetroot. On average, over the years of research, the highest yield was observed with a sowing period of the third decade of April: 63.1 t / ha for the Bordo Kharkivskiy variety, 55.9 t / ha for the Opolskiy variety.

scholarly journals Complex evaluation of agrotechnical factors in rape seed

2010 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kátai
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Homogeneous Surface ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Unfavourable Weather

A polifactorial field trial with rape was carried out in the crop-years of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 at the Látókép Research Centre of University of Debrecen, 15 km away from Debrecen. The soil type of the research area was a calcaric chernozem, with a levelled and homogeneous surface. Our investigations on the dynamics of lodging proved that rape can easily be lodged under unfavourable weather conditions, which results in a significant crop failure: In crop-year 2009 yields were 1.0-1.5 t ha-1 higher than in 2008, when the weather conditions were more unfavourable. In both crop-years the influence of sowing time on the crop yield of rape was examined in three soil cultivation systems, with ploughing, loosening or disking. Different sowing time influenced the yield of rape in both crop-years significantly. In the crop-year of 2007/2008 – due to mild winter – we got the highest yield in the first sowing time (at the end of August) with loosening (3930 kg ha-1) and disking (3727 kg ha-1), while in case of ploughing we experienced the highest yield (3770 kg ha-1) in the second sowing time. There were no significant differences between the first and second sowing time (the end of August and the beginning of September), and in the third sowing time (end of September) also a moderate crop failure (-6.7%) cold be obtained, due to the favourable weather in winter and the water supply of the crop-year 2007/2008. In 2008/2009 all the three cultivation systems showed the best yield-results in the second sowing time (ploughing: 4886 kg ha-1, loosening: 5186 kg ha-1, disking: 5090 kg ha-1), and the first sowing time hardly differed from this (-4.1%), while the late September sowing time resulted in a significant crop failure of -11.1%.

scholarly journals Ріст та розвиток гібридів соняшника залежно від густори стояння рослин

2018 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
С. В. Маслійов ◽  
В. В. Степанов ◽  
М. В. Калініченко ◽  
І. І. Ярчук
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
White Rot ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
National University ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Treatment Application

Значне місце у вирішенні проблеми підвищення врожайності соняшнику займає удосконалення сортової агротехніки вирощування. Проведено досліди зі зміни ширини міжрядь у посівах гібридів соняшнику з 70 см до 15 см. У кожному з варіантів посіву були представлені по чотири варіанти густоти стояння рослин 70; 60; 50; 40 тис. / га. Дослідження проводилися на дослідних ділянках кафедри біології та агрономії Луганського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. У дослідах висаджували гібриди вітчизняної селекції Ясон, Гектор, Базальт, Сучасник. Ці гібриди охоплюють основні морфотипи і групи стиглості, найбільш поширені в колективних і фермерських господарствах. Отримані результати показали, що способи сівби мало впливали на якість насіння, але в більшості років спостерігається підвищення олійності на суцільному посіві. Згущення соняшника сприяє збільшенню олійності і зменшенню білковости насіння. Кращий за якістю насіння був гібрид Базальт. A significant place in solving the problem of increasing the yield of sunflower is taken by the improvement of the varietal agrotechnology of sunflower cultivation. The best technology of growing sunflower hybrids to obtain a high yield is described. In conditions of Luhansk region the best sunflower precursors are winter crops, corn, legumes, barley. In our case, winter wheat was a precursor of the sunflower. Recommendations for the soil treatment, application of mineral fertilizers, sowing time, seeding rates, and crop care were provided. In autumn, plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm was carried out. In the spring, in order to close the humidity by plowing, an alignment of the plow land was carried out. Due to the weak clogging with weeds, one pre-sowing cultivation was carried out to a depth of 5-6 cm. Herbicide was introduced directly before cultivation against the weeds. Hybrids resistant to: phomopsis, white rot of composite flowers, white rot of stems and downy mildew are recommended. Experiments were carried out on changing the width of the rows between the sunflower hybrids from 70 cm to 15 cm.  Every varieties of plant standing were presented to each variant of sowing; 70; 60; 50; 40 th/h. The studies were conducted on experimental plots of the Department of Biology and Agronomy of Taras Shevchenko. Luhansk National University. In experiments, hybrids of domestic breeding Jason, Hector, Basalt, Suchasnyk were planted; these hybrids cover the main morphotypes and groups of ripeness, which are most common in collective farms. The results showed that the methods of sowing influenced the quality of the seeds, but in most years there has been an increase in oil content on continuous sowing. The thickening of sunflower promotes an increase in oil content and a decrease in the protein content of seeds. The best seed quality was the Basalt hybrid.

scholarly journals Conceptualization of a framework of decision support system for agriculture in hilly region

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
A. S. NAIN ◽  
K. K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Forewarning System

Decision support system (DSS) in agriculture helps farming community to take appropriate decision as per the situation to maximize economic return by enhancing productivity and reducing the cost of inputs. The prime most purpose of DSS is to enhance the input use efficiency by applying the input when it is needed most. The requirement of DSS in the hilly states is being felt more as environmental conditions vary greatly in tempo-spatial domain. Climate change associated with increasing probability of extreme weather conditions has further deepened the need of DSS. There have been many attempts in the past to use / develop DSS in the hilly regions. The serious efforts in this direction were initiated by fine tuning the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) in Indian conditions. DSSAT helps to take appropriate decisions on selection of cultivar, sowing time, irrigation, fertilization and harvesting of crops. Of late geospatial technology alone and in combination with crop simulation model has also been used to develop DSS. Present paper underlines the efforts of researchers / academicians to develop DSS in hilly states with their usability and limitations. Paper also conceptualizes a framework of DSS for hilly regions by integrating a forewarning system and agriculture expert system.  

Yieldcapacity of soybean varieties with various vegetation periods, depending on sowing time in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Y.M. Ohurtsov ◽  
О.О. Loshak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Soybean Plants

Sowing is one of the most important agronomic measures in soybean cultivation. However, today in Ukraine there is no universal approach to defining the optimal sowing time. Some researchers assert that one should rely on the calendar period of sowing; other specialists argue that the spring features should be the primary determinant; the third group think that the thermal conditions at a depth of 10 cm is the main factor; and according to the fourth opinion, soil and clime characteristics are critical. The hydrothermal conditions in the years of our research deviated significantly from the annual average. Thus, the hydrothermal coefficient during the soybean growing period in 2018 was 0.34, and in 2019 it was 0.52, indicating that the cultivation conditions were arid (0.5 <HTC <0.9). The experiments showed a clear downward trend in the growing period length and upward trends in the field germinability of seeds and leaf surface area when soybean was sown in soil warmed to 14-16оС on May 10-15. In this case, the biometric parameters of soybean plants improved, and the yield increased by 0.15-0.16 t/ha. Keywords: soybean varieties, weather conditions, sowing time, field germinability of seeds, plant survival, photosynthetic and symbiotic activities of plants, grain yield.

scholarly journals On the Quality of Bare-Grained Oats and Influence of its Cultivation Technology Elements on the Yie

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1754-1759
Author(s):  
Elena Anatolyevna Yegushova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Sowing Period

The research was carried out with the aim to establish the formation regularity of both yield and its elements, as well as to formulate technological and quality indicators of bare-grained oats under the influence of different sowing periods. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Kemerovo region (Russia) on the territory belonging to the Kemerovo Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the SFNCA RAS in 2018-2019. The soil of the site is leached chernozem, heavy loamy in granulometric composition, of medium thickness. The object of research was the mid-season variety of bare-grained oats Bare-grained. The predecessor is pure steam. Sowing was carried out in three periods: early – on May 4 (when the soil was physically ripe, subsequent ones with an interval of 8-10 days, depending on the prevailing weather conditions), medium - on May 12 and 14, late - on May 20 and 24. Against the background of each sowing period, the seeding rates of 4.0 were studied; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0 million crops/ha. It has been established that the optimal sowing time for obtaining high quantitative indicators (yield, number of grains, grain size) of bare-grained oats in the northern forest-steppe of the Kemerovo region is an early period (first decade of May); while a later period (third decade of May) is more promising for such high-quality indicators as protein content, fat in grain, essential and nonessential amino acids, etc. The optimal seeding rate for bare-grained oats at early sowing period is 4.0-4.5 million/ha. At a later period, it is advisable to increase the seeding rate to 5.0-5.5 million/ha.

scholarly journals Seed production formation of food sorghum hybrids depending on sowing terms and weather conditions of vegetation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
A.A. Sviridov ◽  
A.K. Fursova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Biological Yield

It was studied the influence of the hydrothermal regime and sowing time on field germination, shoots density, dry mass of plants during vegetation and biological yield of hybrids of food sorghum. On the basis of correlation and regression analysis, the closeness of relations between the GTC of the vegetation period and the studying structural and biometric parameters of food sorghum hybrids is determined. Keywords: field germination, plant density, food sorghum, productivity, shoots, weather conditions, biological yield, sowing time.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the availability of available moisture in soil by optimization of sowing time and density of statement of sunflower plants in the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Hennadii Pinkovskyi ◽  
Semen Tanchyk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
To Receive

Abstract. The article presents the results of scientific researches on the influence of sowing time and density of standing of sunflower plants on the dynamics of the content of available moisture in soil in the conditions of the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine. One of the decisive factors for the achievement of high and sustainable crop yields in the conditions of unstable moistening of the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine is the accumulation and rational use of moisture, which is one of the most important unregulated factors limiting the yield. On average, during the years of research, the most available moisture in the 0-10 cm soil layer was in the first sowing period - when it was heated to a depth of seed 5 - 60C and was 25.0 mm. It was found that the moisture available to plants in the meter layer of soil at the time of sowing remained high and significantly influenced the dynamics of emergence of seedlings. On average, during the years of research, the most available moisture in the 0-100 cm soil layer was during the first sowing period - for warming it to a depth of seed 5 - 60C - 178.6 mm. In such conditions, quite favorable conditions of moistening of the sowing layer of soil are created in order to receive friendly and complete seedlings when sowing in the first - second decade of April. However, at the end of the third decade of April, there is a significant decrease in gross moisture reserves in the sowing and deeper layers of soil, which limits the productivity of crops. Of particular importance for sunflower plants is the content of available moisture in the 0 - 100 cm layer of soil after the formation of baskets. During this period, the sunflower intensively consumes the available moisture from the deeper layers of soil. Analyzing the results of the research, it should be noted that in most cases, a higher seed yield in sunflower hybrids was formed in those variants where the period from the formation of the basket to flowering occurred in June or the first decade of July, regardless of the year of fall medium long-term indicators. It was also found that the moisture available to plants in the meter layer of soil in the flowering phase was different during the years of research and varied in terms of sowing and depended on the density of plants. The highest moisture reserves available to the plants in the soil layer were 0-100 cm, in the crops of Forward hybrids, LG 56.32, LG 54.85, LG 55.82 were at planting densities of 60 thousand hectares, at the first sowing period - in the flowering phase - 127 mm.  The optimal sunflower sowing period for LG 55.82 and LG 54.85 hybrids in the Right Bank steppe is soil warming up to a depth of seed 5-60C, for Forward and LG 56.32 hybrids is warming up to, a depth of seed 9-100C, optimal density - 60 thousand on ha. Under these conditions, the LG 55.82 hybrid produced a yield of 3.85 t / ha, the LG hybrid 54.85 - 3.64 t / ha, the Forward - 3.09 t / ha, the LG hybrid 56.32 - 3.62 t / ha. Taking into account the annual variation of weather conditions of spring sowing, it should be differentiated with regard to water and heat regimes.

scholarly journals Особливості вирощування соняшника іноземної селекції в умовах Луганської області

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
С. В. Маслійов ◽  
В. В. Степанов ◽  
І. І. Ярчук
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
White Rot ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Sunflower Broomrape ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
New Races ◽  
Treatment Application

Наведено характеристику іноземних гібридів соняшника, найбільш поширених у Степовій зоні України. Проведено пошук найбільш продуктивних гібридів соняшника для вирощування в умовах Луганської області, які мають велику пристосованість до умов недостатнього зволоження та великого забруднення полів вовчком соняшниковим. Викладено оптимальну технологію вирощування іноземних гібридів соняшника для отримання високого врожаю. Надано реко-мендації щодо обробки ґрунту, застосування мінеральних добрив, термінів сівби, норми висіву, догляду за посівами. Також описано основні заходи з догляду за посівами та боротьби з бур’янами. Наведені гібриди  стійкі до зниження урожайності від нових рас вовчка й толерантні до фомопсису, білої гнилі кошику, білої гнилі стебла, стійкі до несправжньої борошнистої роси. Надано перспективний перелік іноземних гібридів, здатних за однакових умов вирощування давати високий урожай соняшника. The characteristics of foreign sunflower hybrids, which are most common in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, are given. A search for the most productive sunflower hybrids for growing in Luhansk region, which are highly adaptable to the conditions of insufficient moistening and large contamination of the fields by a sunflower broomrape, has been conducted. A broomrape is a parasitic plant, up to 65 cm high, which forms 500 thousand seeds having the ability to persist in the soil up to 20 years. The broomrape parasitizes on the roots of a sunflower and rapidly inhibits the growth and development, as a result of which the yield of the sunflower falls significantly. Among domestic hybrids, the majority is resistant to 4–5 races A-E, while foreign sunflower hybrids have a resistance to 7 races of A-G. The best technology of growing of foreign sunflower hybrids to obtain a high yield is described. In conditions of Luhansk region the best sunflower precursors are winter crops, corn, legumes, barley. In our case, winter wheat was a precursor of the sunflower. Recommendations for the soil treatment, application of mineral fertilizers, sowing time, seeding rates, crop care were provided. Since autumn, plowing to a depth of 25–27 cm was carried out. In the spring, in order to close the humidity by plowing, an alignment of the plowland was carried out. Due to the weak clogging with weeds, one pre-sowing cultivation was carried out to a depth of 5–6 cm. Strawberry herbicide Kratos was introduced directly before cultivation against the germs of weed vegetation. The main measures for the crop care and weed control are also described. Pre-emergence harrowing across the crops was conducted. In sunflower crops, 1–2 inter-row treatments with a ridger can be carried out to put the weeds in rows. One treatment was performed. Hybrids, which help to reduce the yield from new races and are resistant to: phomopsis, white rot of composite flowers, white rot of stems and unreal downy mildew, are shown. A perspective list of foreign hybrids that can produce a high sunflower yield under the same conditions of cultivation is provided. The best indicators for yield of tested hybrids by species with a humidity index of less than 8.0 % are Pioneer: P64LC108 with a yield of 27.75 c/ha, P63LE113 – 27.25 c/ha and PR64F66 – 25.00 c/ha. The best yields from the hybrids of the firm Limagrain were: LH5662 – 24.00 c/ha and LH50635 – 23.00 c/ha. Among the hybrids of Syngenta seeds the best result was shown by SI Arizona yield of 23.50 c/ha with 7.6 % moisture content.

scholarly journals Influence of snow mold on winter rye productivity in the Kirov region

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Utkina ◽  
L. I. Kedrova ◽  
E. S. Parfyonova ◽  
M. G. Shamova
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
State Register ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Active Regeneration

In the conditions of the Kirov region, the major factor reducing the productivity of winter crops is infestation with snow mold (Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels et. Hallet. - synonym Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Ces.), which annually grows by 80-100%. Therefore, the main direction of breeding is receiving winter rye varieties having maximum resistance to this disease. During the period of 2003-2017 there was carried out the assessment of zoned and perspective cultivars of domestic breeding of various ecological-and-geographical origin for snow mold infestation in natural provocative conditions. Weather conditions differed greatly in all periods of rye development. It has been established that plant resistance to M. nivale pathogen is influenced greatly by the condition of plants before wintering regulated by the sowing time. Well-developed plants of Falenskaya 4 variety formed the optimum density of an agro-phytocenosis, accumulated bigger amount of sugars (more than 7%), regenerated during spring re-growth by more than 90%, and produced stable high yield (more than 4.9 t/ha). In order to realize the biological potential of the variety, there was a need to shift the previously established sowing time to 5-10 days later period. The productivity was influenced greatly by April conditions, namely, by the period of total clearing of sowings from snow, which took only several days (3-6). Warm and dry weather favored an active re-growth of rye and prevented disease development. Cold and damp weather provoked fungus development, which affected quickly the plants weakened after rewintering. It was revealed that winter rye varieties of different ecological-and-geographical groups responded to this disease differently. The variability in productivity of each cultivar by years was high (CV = 25.8…65.4%). The greatest stability was characteristic for varieties bred in FARC North-East. The main methods of breeding for the resistance to snow mold are crossing and selection in the conditions of a provocative background. The efficiency of a selection method is confirmed with creation from Falenskaya 4 a highly winter-hardy variety Flora with active regeneration after snow mold infestation (100%) and stable productivity by years – 4.62 t/ha (addition yield to an initial cultivar was 0.27 t/ha). The distinctive feature of Flora variety is active formation of powerful green mass in spring that is important for the early use for green forage for cattle and poultry. Since 2012 the variety is included in the State Register of breeding achievements in Volga-Vyatka and North-West regions of the Russian Federation.

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