scholarly journals Written Out of Life: The Death of Keith Vaughan and his Journal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. LW&D223-LW&D241
Author(s):  
Alex Belsey
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Journal Writing ◽  
Conscientious Objector ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Post War

When the British painter Keith Vaughan (1912–77) ingested a lethal cocktail of barbiturates, having made the decision to end his life after a long struggle with cancer, there was only one thing left to do: write one final entry in his journal, the lifelong literary account he had commenced in 1939 and maintained ever since. Vaughan’s journal is an extraordinary document, its 61 volumes spanning 38 years of impassioned ideas and personal development from his difficult wartime years as a conscientious objector through his post-war life as a successful but troubled artist. This paper focuses on the final volume of Vaughan’s journal, commenced in August 1975 and ending on the morning of 4 November 1977. It considers how Vaughan used journal-writing at a time of great suffering to reflect upon his life and his reasons for leaving it. By revealing the crucial role that Vaughan’s final volume played in justifying that his life had ceased to have forward momentum or meaning, this paper argues for the close relationship between the practice of journal-writing and questions of futurity, positing Vaughan as an exemplary author-subject who uses diary or journal forms to postulate a potential future and their relationship to it.

Consequences of changing expectations to law and its institutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 461-486
Author(s):  
Sören Koch
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
State Power ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Appellate Courts ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper focuses on the reasons for and effects of the establishment of appellate courts in Norway. Based on the assumption that the introduction of an appellate system was caused by – and at the same time produced – expectations of law, the author reconstructs central features of the Norwegian legal order and its surrounding legal culture. By especially looking at the crucial role of the legal office of the lawman (lagmann), both in the development of the judicature in general and especially in the courts of appeal, the legacy of the medieval popular assembly (þing / ting) is traced back to its historical roots. The author identifies a close relationship between the increasing influence of state power, the demand for an effective judiciary and prevailing ideals of justice. The result was a not always intended but continuous professionalisation of the judges until the 19th century. The introduction of a jury – consisting of lay judges – appears on this background as aberration. However, as expectations on law had changed, the participation of lay judges had become a political desire in Norway from approximately 1830. To support this political claim the judiciary was restructured by applying a deeply unhistorical perception of the judiciary’s historical roots. Due to contradicting political tendencies it took about 60 years to finally establish the jury-system. Despite the fact that the institution of the jury was constantly criticized by legal scientists and legal practitioners alike and despite losing its political backing already decades ago, it still continues to exist. Obviously, the romantic notion of folks-courts still has not lost its attraction jet. The paper demonstrates that this notion is – seen from a historical perspective – unsustainable.


scholarly journals groot Nederlander

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Maarten J. Aalders
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
First World War ◽  
Personal History ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
First World

This article dives into a part of the life and personal history of J.P.Ph. Clinge Fledderus (1870-1946), consul of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, who played a crucial role in organizing relief for Hungary in the Interbellum and the organization of the possibilities for Hungarian children to recover from the effects of post-war famine and malaise after the First World War by giving them a holiday of some months in the Netherlands. A commemorative marble plaque for him still can be found on the front of the building at the Üllői út 4 in Budapest.

scholarly journals "... from teat-jerk to quidnunc": A.R.D. Fairburn and the Formation of an Ideology of Architectural Nationalism in New Zealand

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Peter Wood
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Royal Institute ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Post War

In 1934 ARD Fairburn published the essay "Some Aspects of N.Z. Art and Letters" in the journal Art in New Zealand. In it he criticized Alan Mulgan's book Home: A Colonial's Adventure, which had been first published in 1927, and was reprinted in 1934. It was, in Fairburn's view, an account unacceptably steeped in romantic melancholy for a distant motherland that was no longer as germane as it had once been. Instead he proposed looking to the American Transcendentalists Twain and Thoreau for direction. Also published in 1934 was a small book from the New Zealand Institute of Architects called Building in New Zealand. In it the NZIA made a case for the professional and social responsibilities of the architect in New Zealand and it is best described as conservative. However it is pertinent that this book was edited by Alan Mulgan. Here the role of the architect in cast in practical terms that bear direct comparison to the code of practice issue for the Royal Institute of British Architects. Mulgan's contribution to discussion on New Zealand architecture is limited to this publication, and it is likely his editorship of Building in New Zealand was motivated more by depression economics than architectural interest. However this book is still an important summary of the profession at that time, and it links architecture to Mulgan's romantic writings though the reiteration of a colonial fountainhead. By contrast Fairburn would go on to champion a national voice for New Zealand's writers, artists, and architects. Moreover he established a close relationship with Vernon Brown, and was to associate with Bill Wilson and the Architectural Group. Indeed, the limited writings available from these architectural associates often echo Fairburn's 1934 call for an antipodean "honesty" in "our" buildings. It is in the immediate post war period that the emergence of a national architectural expression in New Zealand is most celebrated, being lead in Auckland by Brown, Wilson, and the Architectural Group. However an examination of the writings by Fairburn and Mulgan shows that the elements of the debate were already in place well before then. I conclude that the antecedent for the emergence of debate on a national architectural character appears, however unintentionally, in the 1934 writings of Fairburn and Mulgan. Critical to this is discussion on we mean by "honest" architectural work.

Fashion

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Breward
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Consumer Expectations ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Post War

In 1947, the Parisian couturier Christian Dior launched his celebrated New Look, a collection that offered an aspirational alternative to the fabric restrictions and low consumer expectations of post-war austerity – seemingly re-routing fashionable trends in Europe and North America in the space of a season. The diarist had unwittingly become first a witness to, and then a participant in, the mysterious process of fashion change. Suffering from a version of sartorial jet-lag, she faced an oncoming tide of novelties, fresh versions of the fashion designer's diktat, while her own wardrobe remained in another, less contemporary, time zone. She knew that she must adapt or be overtaken. Though it would be difficult to re-enact this precise scenario today or in the more distant past, it does present some generic issues concerning fashion's close relationship with novelty, change, competition, guilt, and desire that will be familiar to historians of consumption in the early modern period and the contemporary. Fashion's relation to time and space has formed a fascinating context in which to consider the development of consumerism.

Employability skills and quality of life among employees with mild and moderate intellectual disability who attend occupation centres in catalonia (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Henar González Fernández ◽  
Cristina Laborda Molla ◽  
Mercè Jariot García
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Moderate Intellectual Disability ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The study explores the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and employability skills in a non-random sample of 100 employees of occupational centres (OCs) in Barcelona (Spain). The influence of gender, age and level of intellectual disability (ID) is also explored. Method: A quantitative approach was adopted to collect and examine data, gathered through two different instruments: the GENCAT SCALE (Verdugo et al., 2008) (and the Employability Skills Scale (Jariot, Laborda and González, 2020). Results: A correlation between QoL and employability skills has been found. A relationship between age and employability skills was also found, in which younger individuals reported better in employability skills. Age was also found to have an effect on some QoL domains. The ID level turned out to be a significant factor in the development of employability skills, as well as in some QoL domains. The crucial role of job placement in personal development is underlined, as well as the need for more inclusive procedures in occupancy services.

Clive Bell, ‘a fathead and a voluptuary’: Conscientious Objection and British Masculinity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hussey
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
British Society ◽  
Conscientious Objector ◽  
World War ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Hussey shows that Clive Bell was a lifelong rebel. His tireless championing of individual liberty as the paramount value of political and social organisation, and of subjective experience as the proper basis for aesthetics pervades his writings on art, society, history and politics. He proselytized for the radically new art of the early twentieth century and for pacifism before and during the First World War. He excoriated the puritanical strictures of post-war England and its appeasement and adherence to untenable ideals in the late 1930s and Second World War. In his close identification with the conscientious objector issue, Bell, though heterosexual, is representative of queer Bloomsbury’s challenge to heteronormativity and the patriarchal family. As nationalist and homophobic rhetoric converged at war’s end, Bell’s writings deplored the lasting effects on British society of the government’s suppression of thought and expression during the war, including queer thought and homosexual expression.

Image of a Man

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Belsey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Journal Writing ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Art Practice ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Post War

The post-war British artist Keith Vaughan (1912-77) painted male figures, whether alone or in groups, as a life-long enquiry into identity, sensuality, and the sanctity of the body. Yet Vaughan was not only a supremely accomplished painter; he was an impassioned, eloquent writer. Commenced in the summer of 1939 as war across Europe seemed inevitable, Vaughan’s journal was a space in which he could articulate ideas about politics, art, love and sex during a period of great political and personal upheaval. Image of a Man is the first book to provide a comprehensive critical reading of Vaughan’s extraordinary journal, which spans thirty-eight years and sixty-one volumes to form a major literary work and a fascinating document of changing times. From close textual analysis of the original manuscripts, this book uncovers the attitudes and arguments that shaped and reshaped Vaughan’s identity as a man and as an artist. It reveals a continual process of self-construction through journal-writing, undertaken to navigate the difficulties of conscientious objection, the complications of desire as a gay man, and the challenges of making meaningful art. By focussing on Vaughan’s journal-writing in the context of its many influences and its centrality to his art practice, Image of a Man offers not only a compelling new critical biography of a significant yet underappreciated artist, but also a sustained argument on the constructed nature of the ‘artist’ persona in early and mid-twentieth-century culture – and the opportunities afforded by life-writing, specifically journal and diary forms, to make such constructions possible.

The rise of Japanese nationalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Woodward
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Pivot To Asia ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
Japanese Nationalism

This chapter appraises Japan’s crucial role in the US ‘pivot’ to Asia, against the background of the evolution of post-war relations between Japan, the US and China. It argues that the rise of Japanese nationalism has encouraged it to challenge China, reorienting its military priorities towards China and becoming more assertive in the East China Sea. But while this has suited the US’s aims in the region, Japan’s nationalists are not it in its control. Their over-assertiveness and apparent revanchism has created problems between Japan and South Korea and an obstacle to the US’s goal of creating a northeast Asian bloc of the US, Japan and South Korea to contain China

Art and the Artist

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-206
Author(s):  
Alex Belsey ◽  
Alex Belsey
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Journal Writing ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Art World ◽  
British Art ◽  
The Third ◽  
Paul Cezanne ◽  
Post War ◽  
Sexual Experimentation

This chapter explores how Keith Vaughan overcame his disillusionment in the early 1940s and revived his hopes of being a painter through engagements with art theory that enabled him to construct through journal-writing an ideal type of the artist that he could emulate. Embracing this conceptualisation, Vaughan enjoyed a post-war period of success, but by the early 1960s was consumed by feelings of self-loathing which he explored in his resurgent journal-writing, resulting in a tumultuous period of unprecedented productivity and restless sexual experimentation. The first section of this chapter reveals how Vaughan constructed his ideal type of the artist during a crucial period in 1943, drawing inspiration from art history, art criticism, and appreciation of Paul Cézanne to laud the necessity of search and struggle to the artist’s mission. The second section describes how Vaughan neglected his journal whilst he enjoyed success in the British art world. The third section re-joins Vaughan in 1962, finding him profoundly dissatisfied with his life and work and attempting to re-assert control over both by drawing on sexology and psychoanalysis to make his journal an account of experiments in autoeroticism, subjectivity and sensation that once again reconfigured his conception of art and the artist.

Katherine Mansfield and Psychology

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
William James ◽  
Katherine Mansfield ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Intellectual Milieu ◽  
Post War ◽  
Masculinity Crisis ◽  
Critical Interest

Like many modernist writers, Katherine Mansfield was resistant to what she called the ‘“mushroom growth” of cheap psychoanalysis’, while at the same time she acknowledged the mutual imbrication of psychoanalysis and literature, describing her creative process in terms of the garnering of ‘subconscious wisdom’. This volume explores the multiple ways in which Mansfield’s fiction resonates with the landscapes opened up by psychology and psychoanalysis. In line with the recent surge of critical interest in early psychology, the contributors read Mansfield’s work alongside figures like William James, Théodule Ribot and Henri Bergson to open up new perspectives on the representation of effect and emotion in her fiction. While these essays trace strands within the intellectual milieu in which Mansfield came of age, others explore the intricate interplay between Mansfield’s fiction and Freudian theory, seeing her work as emblematic of the uncanny doubling of modernist literature and psychoanalysis. They reveal, inter alia, an unexpectedly close relationship between Freudian psychoanalysis and M. B. Oxon’s Cosmic Anatomy (an occult book which fascinated Mansfield) and draw on Freud and Lacan to draw out the specificity of Mansfield’s engagement with post-war masculinity crisis. Together, the essays open up novel ways of thinking about fiction of unrivalled psychological complexity.

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