scholarly journals CURRICULUM REFORM IN THE DECENTRALIZATION OF EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: EFFECT ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
Anggia Utami Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Propensity Score Analysis ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the estimated effect of curriculum reform in the Indonesian secondary education after the implementation of the decentralization policy in 2001. Whilst decentralization reform is argued to be positive for the improvement of school quality and efficiency due to more autonomy given for provincial and local governments, the empirical evidence on such reform towards the improvement of students’ learning outcomes is very limited. Using the propensity score analysis, this study shows that the curriculum reform has not produced a substantial return in the aspect of improved learning outcomes. This finding resonates with the evidence from previous studies on the impact of decentralization on the education quality in Indonesia. Additionally, other findings present a positive effect of pre-school attendance on students’ performance and the crucial issue of persisting gap on the education quality between regions even after almost twenty years of decentralization in the country.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Teachers’ Guides in the Global South: Scripting, Learning Outcomes, and Classroom Utilization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Piper ◽  
Yasmin Sitabkhan ◽  
Jessica Mejia ◽  
Kellie Betts
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Instructional Practices ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Instructional Routines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This report presents the results of RTI International Education’s study on teachers' guides across 13 countries and 19 projects. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we examine how teachers’ guides across the projects differ and find substantial variation in the design and structure of the documents. We develop a scripting index so that the scripting levels of the guides can be compared across projects. The impact results of the programs that use teachers’ guides show significant impacts on learning outcomes, associated with approximately an additional half year of learning, showing that structured teachers’ guides contribute to improved learning outcomes. During observations, we find that teachers make a variety of changes in their classroom instruction from how the guides are written, showing that the utilization of structured teachers’ guides do not create robotic teachers unable to use their own professional skills to teach children. Unfortunately, many changes that teachers make reduce the amount of group work and interactivity that was described in the guides, suggesting that programs should encourage teachers to more heavily utilize the instructional routines designed in the guide. The report includes a set of research-based guidelines that material developers can use to develop teachers’ guides that will support effective instructional practices and help improve learning outcomes. The key takeaway from the report is that structured teachers' guides improve learning outcomes, but that overly scripted teachers' guides are somewhat less effective than simplified teachers' guides that give specific guidance to the teacher but are not written word for word for each lesson in the guide.

scholarly journals Tax decentralization under local government reform conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
G. Isanshyna ◽  
O. Dubynska
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
The Impact

The primary objective of the paper is to investigate the main directions of decentralization reform, trends in local budget revenues in Ukraine, to assess the impact of decentralization reform on the structure and composition of local budgets financial resources, to identify the ways of their optimization. The main components of decentralization reform, the main practical results of territorial and fiscal decentralization in Ukraine are formulated in this paper. Analysis of the development of voluntary territorial communities association in the country during the last five years is carried out. The principles of public administration and the development of normative regulation of local self-government, voluntary association of territorial communities and their cooperation are investigated. It is determined that the practical result of administrative-territorial decentralization is to ensure the creation of new capable territorial entities – united territorial communities. The practical result of tax decentralization is the increase of financial capacity of the united territorial communities. The dynamics of the share of local taxes and fees in own revenues of the general local budgets fund is considered, special attention is paid to such national tax as personal income tax. The dependence of local budgets on transfers from the state budget is noted. And all this on the basis of achievement the ratio of state and local budget revenues of most EU countries is 50:50. The directions of reducing the risk of financial unreliability of local governments under COVID-19 conditions are determined. The difficulties of tax administration of large taxpayers; the main factors determining the size of the shadow economy in the country are investigated. There is no direct relationship between the level of taxation in Ukraine and the level shadow economy. The assessment of the extent of concealment and incomplete reporting of domestic businesses according to the survey in the framework of the SHADOW project is made. The consequences of increasing shadow economy share in the country are determined. The experience of several European countries in personal income taxation is studied, the peculiarities of granting the right to apply the social tax benefit from the personal income tax is determined. Recommendations for optimizing the taxation of individuals in terms of taxation of dividends are provided in this paper.

scholarly journals Decentralization Policy in Ukraine: How Voluntary Amalgamation, Inter-Municipal Cooperation and Fiscal Incentives Impacted the Local Government System

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-343
Author(s):  
Glendal Wright ◽  
Sergii Slukhai
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Decentralization Policy ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the progress of implementing a comprehensive decentralization program in Ukraine. Ukraine was practically the last country of the former Soviet bloc to undertake a comprehensive decentralization program. The decentralization program was based on three pillars: (1) a reliance on voluntary amalgamation of the local government units, (2) the use of inter-municipal cooperation, and (3) enhanced financial incentives. The authors examine how these policies were implemented as well as the impact on local governments service delivery and fiscal capacity. The analyses are based on available data and the application of statistical tests measuring fiscal resources to the population size and other variables of the local government. The study has revealed some significant flaws in Ukrainian decentralization policy implementation. The voluntary approach eventually had to be abandoned for a mandatory approach. The weak progress in inter-municipal cooperation did not establish improved service delivery across a large number of local government units. The financial incentives with greater sharing of taxes did not provide sufficient additional resources to make the units financially sustainable. Finally, the results of the local government elections held in the amalgamated units did not reveal widespread support for the new units and the decentralization reforms. These issues create significant risks for the final success of the decentralization reform.

scholarly journals The Impact of Micro-Level Influencing Factors on Home Value: A Housing Price-Rent Comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Cui ◽  
Hengyu Gu ◽  
Tiyan Shen ◽  
Changchun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
School Quality ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Employment Center ◽  
The Impact

The housing sales market in China has flourished and gained considerable interest, while the housing rental market has lagged behind and been ignored over the past two decades. With the acceleration of urbanization, the housing rental demand is rising rapidly. Exploring and comparing the influencing factors on housing sale prices and rental prices has significance for sustainable urban planning and management. Using house purchase transaction and rent transaction data in 2017, as well as the average housing price and rent data in 2016 in Beijing, China, this paper compares the spatial distribution and it employs the hedonic price model and quantile regression model to quantify the average and distributional effects of micro-level influencing factors on housing prices and housing rents. Results show that housing prices and housing rents both have a decentralized distribution with multiple centers, but rents of residential communities with high housing prices may not necessarily be high. Both homeowners and renters prefer properties with good structural, locational, and neighborhood characteristics, as well as a good school attendance zone, whereas they still differ in terms of preferences. Homeowners prefer a higher-quality living environment. Renters are more concerned with proximity to an employment center and public transit convenience. Moreover, the price premium of school quality for homeowners exceeds the premium for renters. Higher-priced homeowners or renters differ in the preferences from lower-priced homeowners or renters. Higher-priced homeowners and higher-priced renters are more willing to live in property with a larger number of bedrooms, proximity to a major employment center, park, or school, as well as a location in a school attendance zone with higher school quality.

ACTIVITIES, CONDITION AND CHALLENGES OF OTG IN THE CONDITIONS OF BUDGET DECENTRALIZATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Kutsyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Political System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget Decentralization

The article is devoted to an important issue of today - the activities, development and unification of territorial communities, decentralization of budget management, the transfer of power to higher levels - lower. Attention is paid to the impact of decentralization on the development of local self-government, the positive and negative aspects of decentralization as of 2019-2020 and the analysis of activities during 2014-2020 are considered. Also, the state of OTG after the beginning of the reform and the impact of legislation on regional development are analyzed. The article also reflects the dynamics of total revenues. Much attention is paid to the problems of creating a revenue base for filling local budgets to meet the needs of the population and finding a reserve for filling. The issue of united territorial communities is not the first place among the discussions of financial analysts and among the general population. The rapid transition from a centralized type of budget management to decentralization indicates an increase in the capacity of local governments and maintaining their independence. Decentralization should allow for effective coordination of policy development and implementation in many functions, such as education, health, etc., as areas that are properly addressed and managed for change become effective. Effective decentralization reform requires significant efforts to bring about change, as there are a number of challenges to the growth of the community, the creation of an effective open political system, and the well-being of every citizen. Decentralization should lead to every community being innovative and creative in all aspects - new health services and policies, education systems, tax legislation, administrative resources, etc. Therefore, the issue is relevant and requires detailed study. Analyzing the impact of decentralized processes on local budgets of Ukraine, much attention is paid to the problems of creating an income base for filling local budgets and finding a reserve for filling. Also in the article we will analyze the actual revenues of the general fund of local budgets of Ukraine during 2013-2019, reflect a significant increase in total revenues.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF BUDGET DECENTRALIZATION STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (Vol 19, No 2 (2020)) ◽  
pp. 315-340
Author(s):  
Sergey CHIMSHIT ◽  
Liudmila GOLOVKOVA ◽  
Ihor GRABOVSKII ◽  
Alla YAKYMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget Decentralization

The main strategic task of modernizing the system of public administration and territorial structure of power should be the creation of effective local selfgovernment, creating comfortable living conditions for citizens, providing them with high quality and affordable public services. Economically active businesses, a sufficient number of skilled workers, developed industrial and social infrastructure are the basis for successful community development. The society still lacks effective financial mechanisms to motivate local governments to the effectiveness of decisions on socio-economic territorial development. Given this, the article analyses the current financial problems of decentralization in Ukraine, the impact of national economic development and budget policy on the financial capabilities of local governments. Conceptual directions and resources for increasing the financial independence of the regions have been identified. It is established that the main result of the budget decentralization reform should be not so much more efficient allocation and redistribution of community financial resources, as greater interest and capacity of local governments to increase local budget revenues, find reserves, and improve the efficiency of tax administration and fees. Local self-governments must make decisions based on the following cause-andeffect relationship: the availability of sufficient resources in local budgets is a consequence of the level of economic activity in the region.

Effects of school attendance on child labour and literacy: regression discontinuity evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwadwo Opoku ◽  
Emmanuel Adu Boahen
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of school attendance on learning and child labour in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a nationally representative sample of household and individual data in 2005/06 and 2011/12 for the analysis. Regression discontinuity, the capitation grant in 2005 as exogenous, is used to estimate the impact of school attendance on child labour and learning outcomes.FindingsThe study found that children who were exposed to the capitation grant spent more hours in school and were more likely to enrol in primary school. School attendance was found to increase the likelihood to read and write a standardised test in English. Also, the improvement in children’s school attendance was found to enhance the likelihood of performing a written calculation. The authors could not find any evidence that school attendance affected child labour.Originality/valueThis research is the first causality analysis in sub-Saharan Africa that uses a nationally representative dataset to study the impact of school attendance on child labour and learning outcomes using a regression discontinuity estimator to deal with endogeneity issues.

SEKOLAH GRATIS DAN MUTU SEKOLAH: STUDI KASUS DI SMAN 2 BABAT TOMAN MUSI BANYUASIN SUMSEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Afriantoni Afriantoni ◽  
Ibrahim Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
School Quality ◽  
School Policy ◽  
School Education ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Free School ◽  
School Costs

This study aimed to describe in depth between the link of school policy and the school quality improvement. The method in this study is a qualitative method using the case study presented descriptively. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Babat Tomat Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Based on this study it was found that the First, free school policy can help the economy / ease the burden of school costs to be incurred by the parents. Second, the policy constraints of the application for free school educa-tion at SMAN 2 Babat Toman is not very effective, so that the students' interest is not increasing, infrastructure is one of the obstacles in the implementation of free school education, how the quality of schools will be increased if it is not supported by facilities and complete infrastructure. Third, the quality of school education free SMAN 2 Babat Toman already realized well with regard to input, input turns unselected maximum, that is the students. Fourth, the implementation of free school education in Banyuasin, the quality of school SMAN 2 Babat Toman Muba Sumsel was not increased. This means that the implementation for free school education quality of school SMAN 2 Babat Toman was not increased.Keywords : free schools, school quality, case studies

MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VC SD NEGERI 164 PEKANBARU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Rosita L. Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Class Actions ◽  
Heterogeneous Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Classroom Action Research ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Academic Year

The problem of classroom action research is the low learning outcomes of VC grade 164 students in Pekanbaru. This study aims to improve social studies learning outcomes of VC grade 164 students in Pekanbaru by applying the cooperative method of numbered heads together (NHT). The results of the research and class actions of the Social Studies Course conducted at the VC class SDN 164 Pekanbaru students concluded; Learning outcomes in the first cycle have increased compared to conventional learning. Pre-cycle learning outcomes are an average of 50.25 or sufficient categories; in cycle I, learning outcomes reached an average of 71.75 or in the Good category; in cycle II it increased again by 80.25 or in the Good category; Prasiklus classical completeness is 10 students (25.00%.); the first cycle is 27 students (67.50%); and in the second cycle were 38 students (95.00%). Students who have not been completed are remedial. Observers observed that VC grade 164 students at Pekanbaru Pekanbaru seemed to understand the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Cooperative Method. They learn and understand shared material in heterogeneous groups of 4-5 students. Based on the results of improved learning studies, the application of the cooperative method of numbered heads together (NHT) succeeded in correcting the problem of the low social studies learning outcomes in VC Class SDN 164 Pekanbaru 2017/2018 Academic Year.

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