scholarly journals MODEL MULTILEVEL PERTUMBUHAN ANAK USIA 0-24 BULAN DAN VARIABEL YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Irianton Aritonang
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Tujuan umum penelitian ini untuk mengkaji bagaimana berbagai variabel mempengaruhi pertumbuhan anak usia 0-24 bulan di kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian noneksperimen desain korelasional ini dilakukan pada 272 anak usia 0-24 bulan yang diambil secara acak stratifikasi dari dua kecamatan (Sleman dan Moyudan) yang ditentukan secara purposif. Analisis multilevel pertumbuhan anak dilakukan dengan program Stata-10 dan analisis jalur dilakukan dengan program Amos-8. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan variabel berat badan lahir, jenis kelamin dan strata usia anak dan status gizi ibu dengan pertumbuhan anak pada level-1 dan ada hubungan variabel hasil penimbangan pada level-2, sedangkan pada level 3 ada hubungan yang tidak signifikan hasil penimbangan dan pencapaian program. Hasil analisis jalur yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan anak 0-24 bulan, yakni variabel endogenous terdiri dari status gizi ibu, pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi seimbang, pertumbuhan anak indeks BB/U, hasil penimbangan tingkat dusun dan hasil program tingkat desa. Sedangkan variabel exogenous terdiri dari sikap ibu terhadap posyandu, berat badan lahir, jenis kelamin dan stratifikasi usia anak. Kata kunci: Model multilevel, Pertumbuhan anak 0-24 bulan ______________________________________________________________A MULTILEVEL MODEL FOR THE GROWTH OF CHILDREN AGED 0-24 MONTHS AND THE VARIABLES AFFECTING IT Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate how various variables contribute to the growth of children between 0-24  months old in Sleman Regency. This study was a non-experimental correlational design which was conducted on 272 children aged 0-24 months, selected using the purposive stratified random sampling technique from 21 hamlets in two districts (Sleman and Moyudan). The multilevel analysis of children’s growth of was carried out using the Stata-10 program and the path analysis using the Amos-8 program. The results show  that there is a significant correlation among variables of children's birth weight, gender, and age stratification and mothers' nutritional status to children's growth at level 1, and a correlation to the variable of children's weight at level 2, while at level 3 there is no significant correlation between children's weight and program achievement. The path analysis shows that the variables affecting the growth of children aged 0-24 months are endogenous variables, consisting of mothers' nutritional status, mothers' knowledge on balanced diet, children's growth index,  children's weights measured at the hamlet and the result of program at village level, and exogenous variables, consisting of mothers' attitude concerning Posyandu, children's birth weight, gender and age stratification.Keywords: multilevel model, growth of children aged 0-24 months

scholarly journals Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa ditinjau dari Level Geometri Van Hiele SMP Kelas VII

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Azwar Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Van Hiele ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

This study aims to determine the distribution of student geometry levels based on Van Hiele's theory and find out the differences in students' mathematics learning outcomes in grade VII junior high school. The sampling technique is probability sampling and a sample of 182 students is obtained. Data collection techniques used were Van Hiele level geometry tests and test results. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and anova with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that only 170 students were included in the Van Hiele geometry level, namely 62 students were at level 0, 97 students were at level 1, 5 students were at level 2, and as many as 6 students are at level 3. In the inferential analysis based on analysis of variance (two-way anova) concludes that for learning outcomes based on Van Hiele level geometry obtained Fcount = 13.793 > Ftable = 9.28 means H0 is rejected means that there are differences in mathematics learning outcomes based on Van Hiele geometry level.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi level geometri siswa berdasarkan teori Van Hiele dan mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar matematika siswa di kelas VII SMP. Menggunakan teknik probability sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 182 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes level geometri Van Hiele dan tes hasil belajar. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan anova dengan taraf signifikansi sebesar 5%. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa dari 182 sampel, hanya 170 siswa yang termasuk dalam level geometri Van Hiele yaitu 62 siswa berada pada level 0, sebanyak 97 siswa pada level 1, sebanyak 5 siswa pada level 2, dan  6 siswa pada level 3. Analisis anova dua arah diperoleh Fhitung = 13,793 > Ftabel = 9,28 berarti H0  ditolak yang artinya terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar matematika berdasarkan level geometri Van Hiele.

scholarly journals Kontribusi Pendapatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu pada Usaha Hutan Rakyat Pola Agroforestri di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Dian Diniyati ◽  
Budiman Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Hutan rakyat tidak hanya menghasilkan kayu akan tetapi juga memberikan hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK), malah pada beberapa tempat HHBK ini menjadi primadona. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data mengenai jumlah kontribusi pendapatan HHBK di hutan rakyat serta permasalahan dan keunggulan pengembangan HHBK. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Desa Karyabakti Kecamatan Parungponteng Tasikmalaya, pada bulan Juni-Desember 2013. Obyek kajian adalah petani hutan rakyat yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling berdasarkan luas kepemilikan lahan hutan rakyat sebanyak 30 orang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul dianalis secara statistik dan disajikan secara diskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata responden memiliki lahan seluas 0,374 ha dan paling luas diperuntukkan untuk usaha hutan rakyat yaitu 0,246 ha atau 65,78 %. Pola tanam yang dikembangkan adalah pola agroforestri yaitu percampuran antara tanaman kayu dan HHBK yang merupakan tanaman perkebunan, tanaman buah, tanaman obat dan tanaman pangan. Periode pendapatan dari tanaman HHBK ini adalah mingguan, bulanan dan tahunan. Kontribusi HHBK terhadap total pendapatan hutan rakyat adalah 67,56% (strata 1), 63,93 % (strata 2) dan 75,11 % (strata 3) sedangkan kontribusi tanaman kayu sebesar 32,44 % (strata I), 36,07 % (strata II) dan 24,89 % (strata III). Dengan demikian, kontribusi HHBK setiap tahunnya jauh lebih tinggi namun sayangnya pengembangan HHBK ini belum maksimal, padahal hasilnya masih dapat lebih ditingkatkan. Salah satu kendala pengembangan HHBK adalah aspek budidaya yang diterapkan masih belum sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur (SOP) dari Kementerian Kehutanan. Untuk itu, maka perlu upaya peningkatan HHBK salah satunya dengan transfer pengetahuan dan teknologi melalui penyuluhan.Kata kunci: hutan rakyat, hasil kayu, HHBK, kontribusi, pendapatan The  contribution of  income from Non Timber Forest Product to the  agroforestry business in community forest in Tasikmalaya RegencyAbstractCommunity forests is not merely producing timbers, but also non timber forest products (NTFPs) which are even more important at several places. The objective of the research was to obtain the data with regard to the advantage of developing NTFPs from community forests and its contribution to income of farmer. This study was conducted at Karyamukti village, Parungponteng Sub-district, Tasikmalaya District from June to December 2013. Thirty forest farmers were selected by stratified random sampling technique based on the size of forest ownership. Questioners were used to support interviews during data collection activities. Collected data were statistically analyzed and presented descriptively. The result showed that respondents own land areas averagely 0.374 ha whereas 0.246 ha or 65.78 % of them were utilized for community forest business. The developed planting system was agroforestry i.e. mixing the timber plants with NTFP plants such as estate, fruity, medicinal, and food plants. The period income gained from NTFP could be weekly, monthly, and annually. Income contributions of NTFPs to total income from farm forest were 67.56 % (level 1), 63.93 % (level 2) and 75.11 % (level 3), while the income contributions of timbers were only 32.44 % (level 1), 36.07 % (level 2), and 24.89 % (level 3). The annual income contribution of NTFPs, therefore, was higher than the one from timbers. The contribution, actually, could be increased if the NTFPs were developed seriously. One constrain in the NTFPs development was the silviculture technique operated by farmers, which did not follow the standard operational procedure (SOP) issued by The Ministry of Agriculture. Based on that condition, efforts to improve NTFPs development by transferring the knowledge and technology through extension are urgently required.

Age at Death Used to Assess the Effect of Interhospital Transfer of Newborns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Paneth ◽  
John L. Kiely ◽  
Mervyn Susser
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Interhospital Transfer ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

In New York City, newborn units classified as level 1 (no intensive care) frequently transfer low-birth-weight infants to units classified as level 3 (complete intensive care), but level 2 units (those with intermediate levels of care) transfer rarely. As deaths occurring in the first hours of life are unlikely to be affected by infant transport services, early (first four hours), late (four hours to 28 days), and overall neonatal death rates were separately examined at each of the three levels of care for singleton live-births weighing 501 to 2,250 g. As previously reported, overall neonatal mortality (adjusted for birth weight, gestational age, sex, and race) for births at level 1 units (163.0/1,000) and level 2 units (168.1/1,000) was similar, and rates for births at level 3 (128.0/1,000) were significantly lower. Mortality up to four hours, and from four hours to 28 days, however, differed between level 1 and level 2 units. Among early deaths, the mortality for level 1 births was 68.0/1,000, significantly higher than both the rate for level 2 births (46.0/1,000) and for level 3 births (40.6/1,000). Between four hours and 28 days, mortality relative to level 3 improved for level 1 births, but worsened for level 2 births. For infants with birth weight <1,251 g, for whom transport rates from level 1 units are highest, mortality in level 1 births was higher than in level 2 births only until 18 hours of life; thereafter, level 2 mortality was higher. These results could not be explained by any of eight additional variables examined in a multivariate model, nor by live birth/fetal death misclassification. Early deaths constituted 30% of neonatal mortality in this population. Thus, infant transport cannot replace maternal selection for place of delivery. However, the excess mortality after four hours seen at level 2 units might be avoided by more frequent referral of sick infants to level 3 services.

Medical Care and Preterm Infants of Normal Birth Weight

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Nigel Paneth ◽  
Sylvan Wallenstein ◽  
John L. Kiely ◽  
Curtis P. Snook ◽  
Mervyn Susser
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Preterm infants of normal birth weight (born before 37 completed weeks of gestation and weighing more than 2,250 g) experience a neonatal mortality risk almost four times higher than do term infants in the same weight range. In an analysis of the effect of hospital level of birth on neonatal mortality, such preterm normal weight infants were found to experience higher mortality if born outside of a Level 3 (tertiary care) center. For all singleton infants in this weight-gestation category born in New York City maternity services during a 3-year period (N = 23,257), the relative mortality risk for Level 1 births (compared with Level 3) was 1.72 (P < .01) and for Level 2 births 1.47 (P < .05). The excess mortality at Level 1 and Level 2 units was almost entirely due to a more than twofold higher death rate in black infants born in these units. Several potentially confounding socioeconomic, demographic, and biologic variables entered into a logistic regression model could not account for the higher mortality rates for black infants born in Level 1 and Level 2 units. Among black infants born at Level 1 units, deaths in preterm normal birth weight infants were less likely to occur in a receiving tertiary care center than were either deaths in low birth weight infants or deaths in term normal weight infants, suggesting that the need for special care of preterm normal birth weight infants is underestimated in some hospitals without newborn intensive care units.

EVALUASI PELATIHAN DI PT. PUPUK KUJANG CIKAMPEK

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lania Muharsih ◽  
Ratih Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Training Evaluation ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
A Company ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Evaluation Sheet ◽  
Assessment Factor

This study aims to determine the training evaluation at PT. Kujang Fertilizer. PT. Pupuk Kujang is a company engaged in the field of petrochemicals. Evaluation sheet of PT. Fertilizer Kujang is made based on Kirkpatrick's theory which consists of four levels of evaluation, namely reaction, learning, behavior, and results. At level 1, namely reaction, in the evaluation sheet is in accordance with the theory of Kirkpatrick, at level 2 that is learning should be held pretest and posttest but only made scale. At level 3, behavior, according to theory, but on assessment factor number 3, quantity and work productivity should not need to be included because they are included in level 4. At level 4, that is the result, here is still lacking to get a picture of the results of the training that has been carried out because only based on answers from superiors without evidence of any documents.   Keywords: Training Evaluation, Kirkpatrick Theory.    Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui evaluasi training di PT. Pupuk Kujang. PT. Pupuk Kujang merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang petrokimia. Lembar evaluasi PT. Pupuk Kujang dibuat berdasarkan teori Kirkpatrick yang terdiri dari empat level evaluasi, yaitu reaksi, learning, behavior, dan hasil. Pada level 1 yaitu reaksi, di lembar evaluasi tersebut sudah sesuai dengan teori dari Kirkpatrick, pada level 2 yaitu learning seharusnya diadakan pretest dan posttest namun hanya dibuatkan skala. Pada level 3 yaitu behavior, sudah sesuai teori namun pada faktor penilaian nomor 3 kuantitas dan produktivitas kerja semestinya tidak perlu dimasukkan karena sudah termasuk ke dalam level 4. Pada level 4 yaitu hasil, disini masih sangat kurang untuk mendapatkan gambaran hasil dari pelatihan yang sudah dilaksanakan karena hanya berdasarkan dari jawaban atasan tanpa bukti dokumen apapun.   Kata kunci: Evaluasi Pelatihan, Teori Kirkpatrick.

scholarly journals An Atmospheric Visibility Grading Method Based on Ensemble Learning and Stochastic Weight Average

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Xiuguo Zou ◽  
Jiahong Wu ◽  
Zhibin Cao ◽  
Yan Qian ◽  
Shixiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Feature Sets ◽  
Atmospheric Visibility ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Grading Model ◽  
Level 2

In order to adequately characterize the visual characteristics of atmospheric visibility and overcome the disadvantages of the traditional atmospheric visibility measurement method with significant dependence on preset reference objects, high cost, and complicated steps, this paper proposed an ensemble learning method for atmospheric visibility grading based on deep neural network and stochastic weight averaging. An experiment was conducted using the scene of an expressway, and three visibility levels were set, i.e., Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. Firstly, the EfficientNet was transferred to extract the abstract features of the images. Then, training and grading were performed on the feature sets through the SoftMax regression model. Subsequently, the feature sets were ensembled using the method of stochastic weight averaging to obtain the atmospheric visibility grading model. The obtained datasets were input into the grading model and tested. The grading model classified the results into three categories, with the grading accuracy being 95.00%, 89.45%, and 90.91%, respectively, and the average accuracy of 91.79%. The results obtained by the proposed method were compared with those obtained by the existing methods, and the proposed method showed better performance than those of other methods. This method can be used to classify the atmospheric visibility of traffic and reduce the incidence of traffic accidents caused by atmospheric visibility.

The Magical Number Two, Plus or Minus One: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Musical Information

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ockelford
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
Magical Number ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Like all fields of human artistic endeavour, music is constrained by our cognitive processing requirements and limitations (Swain, 1986; Lerdahl, 1988; Huron, 2001). This articleconsiders particular forms of constraint pertaining to the relationships that the structure-seeking mind (subconsciously) fabricates between perceived musical events. It is proposed that 2±1 may be a universal limitation pertaining to the level of relationships so ideated. That is, in terms of Lewin'S (1987) theoretical framework in which “intervals” can be intuited between the “elements” of musical “spaces”, it is posited that the cognition of musical structure occurs either through intervals (level 1), through intervals between these (level 2), or — in some circumstances — through intervals between these(level 3). This proposition is explored through the psychomusicological model developed by Ockelford (1991, 1993, 1999), which too analyses musical structure in terms of the relationships that may be cognised between its discrete perceptual components. In particular, the model identifies a type of cognitive link through which events (at any level) arefelt to imply others the same or similar — through so-called “zygonic” relationships. This theory suggests a further general principle: that the highest level of relationship inoperation at any given point must be zygonic if the music is to be structurally coherent. Evidence for this, and for the limit on the level of relationships of 2±1, is offeredthrough a series of musical examples, which illustrate a variety of musical organisation in action. Finally, empirical work is suggested to explore further the theoretical ideas that arepresented here.

Systems biology markup language: Level 2 and beyond

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1472-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Finney ◽  
M. Hucka
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Biochemical Networks ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Exchange Format ◽  
Systems Biology Markup Language ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

The SBML (systems biology markup language) is a standard exchange format for computational models of biochemical networks. We continue developing SBML collaboratively with the modelling community to meet their evolving needs. The recently introduced SBML Level 2 includes several enhancements to the original Level 1, and features under development for SBML Level 3 include model composition, multistate chemical species and diagrams.

Knowledge Acquired from Learning: New Evidence of Hierarchical Conceptualization

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 975-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Montare
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Learning Rates ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Level 2

Following successful inductive acquisition of procedural cognition of a discrimination-reversal learning task, 50 female and 50 male undergraduates articulated declarative cognizance of knowledge acquired from learning. Tests of four hypotheses showed that (1) increasingly higher levels of declarative cognizance were associated with faster learning rates, (2) six new cases of cognition-without-cognizance were observed, (3) students presumably using secondary signalization learned faster than those presumably using primary signalization, and (4) no sex differences in learning rates or declarative cognizance were observed. The notion that explicit levels of declarative cognizance may represent implicit hierarchical conceptualization comprised of four systems of knowledge acquisition led to the conclusions that primary signalization may account for inductive senscept formation at Level 1 and for inductive percept formation at Level 2, whereas emergent secondary signalization may account for inductive precept formation at Level 3 and for inductive concept formation at Level 4.

scholarly journals Assessing a Prototype Database for Comprehensive Global Aquatic Land Cover Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4012
Author(s):  
Panpan Xu ◽  
Nandin-Erdene Tsendbazar ◽  
Martin Herold ◽  
Jan G. P. W. Clevers
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Land Cover Mapping ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Global Datasets ◽  
Flooded Areas

The monitoring of Global Aquatic Land Cover (GALC) plays an essential role in protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems. Although many GALC datasets have been created before, a uniform and comprehensive GALC dataset is lacking to meet multiple user needs. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of using existing global datasets to develop a comprehensive and user-oriented GALC database and identify the gaps of current datasets in GALC mapping. Eight global datasets were reframed to construct a three-level (i.e., from general to detailed) prototype database for 2015, conforming with the United Nations Land Cover Classification System (LCCS)-based GALC characterization framework. An independent validation was done, and the overall results show some limitations of current datasets in comprehensive GALC mapping. The Level-1 map had considerable commission errors in delineating the general GALC distribution. The Level-2 maps were good at characterizing permanently flooded areas and natural aquatic types, while accuracies were poor in the mapping of temporarily flooded and waterlogged areas as well as artificial aquatic types; vegetated aquatic areas were also underestimated. The Level-3 maps were not sufficient in characterizing the detailed life form types (e.g., trees, shrubs) for aquatic land cover. However, the prototype GALC database is flexible to derive user-specific maps and has important values to aquatic ecosystem management. With the evolving earth observation opportunities, limitations in the current GALC characterization can be addressed in the future.

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