METALS IN RESPIRABLE AND INHALABLE DUST AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Haze episode has always becomes the one of the common reasons for emergency closing of school. Unique approach had been used to collect and examine the toxic metal of the respirable and inhalable dust by combining the latest personal cyclone and seven-hole head sampler together with the latest spectrometer of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in a single framework. Iron is found significantly different with the highest concentration at 107.895 ng m-3. The mean ranges of metal in respirable dust found in educational institutions are between 0.005 and 78.629 ng m-3. The findings of this research seen the amount of respirable dust exceeds more than 21.13 per cent than inhalable dust. Analysed metals found are not exceeding the ambient air exposure limit established by Department of Environment Malaysia. Hence, it is understood that the outdoor atmospheric environments of Malaysian educational institutions are non-hazardous for both visitors and occupiers (students and personnel). The high level of iron signify that it is safe for the crossing of children to have a traffic light in front of the school, but the idling of motor vehicles emitted more pollutant that risks health of the school children, teachers and officers. These suggest that when there are schools, there shall be constructed of flyover crossing for long term solution or with certain distance to traffic sources.

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METAL EXPOSURE IN RESPIRABLE & INHALABLE DUST BY THE LOCALITY OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pmjournal.v16.i6.458 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Shamzani Affendy Mohd Din ◽

Rashidi Othman ◽

Nik Nurul Hidayah Nik Yahya

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Health Impact ◽

Respirable Dust ◽

Metal Exposure ◽

Combustion Source ◽

Exposure Limit ◽

Inhalable Dust ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

New Research ◽

And Control

The surrounding area of the coal-fired power plant are mostly exposed to its chemical contents. The world has witnessed multicases relevant to mortality due to overexposure to coal materials. However, these factor have not been faced by the Malaysians. Still, it is significant to monitor and control the coal-fired power plant exposure. This research aims to identify the dominant metal within the radius of a coal-fired power plant combustion source point. The inhalable and respirable dust are being collected then analysed and calculated its Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). Later, health impact knowledge is being synchronize withthe obtained data. Hence, built environment at the radius 5km, 10km, 15km and 20km were being observed as well as inhalable and respirable dust. The data was analysed using the ICPMS (Nexion 300x) to trace the concentrations of metals. The metals include Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn. Generally, the results showed that the total of respirable towards inhalable dust ratio of metal concentration found at Manjung was 88.62%. The highest concentration found inIron was at 4.710 ng m-3 for respirable dust and Zinc for inhalable dust at 7.387 ng m-3; thus, claiming both Iron and Zinc as the dominant metals in Manjung. The pattern of metals concentration found in this research proven that the FGD and ESPs application in Manjung coal-fired power plant contributed in reducing the airborne particles emissions. However, the PEL calculations showed exceeding limits of metals found on site. Hence affecting the human respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Therefore, new research in developing the policy for the construction of the coal-fired power plant, especially within the radius of residential and public area are in significant need.

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METAL EXPOSURE IN RESPIRABLE & INHALABLE DUST BY THE LOCALITY OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pm.v16i6.458 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Shamzani Affendy Mohd Din ◽

Rashidi Othman ◽

Nik Nurul Hidayah Nik Yahya

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Health Impact ◽

Respirable Dust ◽

Metal Exposure ◽

Combustion Source ◽

Exposure Limit ◽

Inhalable Dust ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

New Research ◽

And Control

The surrounding area of the coal-fired power plant are mostly exposed to its chemical contents. The world has witnessed multicases relevant to mortality due to overexposure to coal materials. However, these factor have not been faced by the Malaysians. Still, it is significant to monitor and control the coal-fired power plant exposure. This research aims to identify the dominant metal within the radius of a coal-fired power plant combustion source point. The inhalable and respirable dust are being collected then analysed and calculated its Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). Later, health impact knowledge is being synchronize withthe obtained data. Hence, built environment at the radius 5km, 10km, 15km and 20km were being observed as well as inhalable and respirable dust. The data was analysed using the ICPMS (Nexion 300x) to trace the concentrations of metals. The metals include Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn. Generally, the results showed that the total of respirable towards inhalable dust ratio of metal concentration found at Manjung was 88.62%. The highest concentration found inIron was at 4.710 ng m-3 for respirable dust and Zinc for inhalable dust at 7.387 ng m-3; thus, claiming both Iron and Zinc as the dominant metals in Manjung. The pattern of metals concentration found in this research proven that the FGD and ESPs application in Manjung coal-fired power plant contributed in reducing the airborne particles emissions. However, the PEL calculations showed exceeding limits of metals found on site. Hence affecting the human respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Therefore, new research in developing the policy for the construction of the coal-fired power plant, especially within the radius of residential and public area are in significant need.

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Peculiarities of the Expression of immune mediators under aerogenic exposure of aluminum

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-11-1203-1210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (11) ◽

pp. 1203-1210

Author(s):

Inga N. Alikina ◽

Oleg V. Dolgikh ◽

Olga A. Kazakova

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Reference Group ◽

Test Group ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Immune Modulators ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Immune Mediators ◽

Apoptotic Protein ◽

Aluminum Compounds

Introduction. Chemical admixtures, including those containing aluminum contaminate the R.F. territory environment. There is a well-proven dependence between hygienic factors and population health. Both facts call for developing scientifically substantiated sanitary recommendations for diagnostics and prevention that should involve applying up-to-date critical technologies, including research on proteins acting as immune modulators. Material and methods. We performed a diagnostic examination and comparatively analyzed the health of children living on territory under the ambient air exposure to aluminum compounds in 78 children who had lived there for not less than four years. The reference group consisted of 20 children who lived in a recreation zone. Immune indices in the examined children were assessed using flow cytometry (Bcl-2, TNFRI), enzyme immunoassay (carcinoembryonic antigen CEA), and allergosorbent (IgG-specific to the aluminum) methods. Genetic indices (TLR4, CPOX, ANKK1) were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also identified aluminum in ambient air and biological media with mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Results. We took ambient air exposure to aluminum in 2 reference concentrations. The average aluminum contents in children’s blood were established to be authentically (p < 0.05) higher than reference levels (by 5.5 times) and the same indices in children from the reference group (by 4.5 times). Average aluminum contents in the blood of children from the test group amounted to 0.037 µg/cm3. It was authentically different from the same index in the reference group (0.02 µg/cm3). Simultaneously we revealed that exposed children had polymorph genotypes of proteomic profile genes in blood plasma, namely TLR4 rs1927911, CPOX (rs1131857), ANKK1 rs1800497. Adverse effects of the exposure to aluminum became apparent due to disorders of neural immune regulation as hyperproduction of IgG specific to aluminum and anti-apoptotic transcription protein Bcl-2. It was confirmed by authentic relations between exposure markers and effects that are absent in the reference group as well as by apparent health disorders such as asthenovegetative syndrome. Conclusion. The expression of immune mediators (protein that take part in apoptosis, such as TNFR or anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2) and related sections in candidate genes (CPOX rs1131857, ANKK1 rs1800497) with polymorphic changes in them can be recommended as indices for determining and preventing the risk of harm to health in conditions of excessive aerogenic contamination with aluminum compounds.

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Development of Land Use Regression Model for Seasonal Variation of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in Lahore, Pakistan

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094933 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4933

Author(s):

Saimar Pervez ◽

Ryuta Maruyama ◽

Ayesha Riaz ◽

Satoshi Nakai

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Regression Model ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Land Use Classification ◽

Land Use Regression ◽

Air Exposure

Ambient air pollution and its exposure has been a worldwide issue and can increase the possibility of health risks especially in urban areas of developing countries having the mixture of different air pollution sources. With the increase in population, industrial development and economic prosperity, air pollution is one of the biggest concerns in Pakistan after the occurrence of recent smog episodes. The purpose of this study was to develop a land use regression (LUR) model to provide a better understanding of air exposure and to depict the spatial patterns of air pollutants within the city. Land use regression model was developed for Lahore city, Pakistan using the average seasonal concentration of NO2 and considering 22 potential predictor variables including road network, land use classification and local specific variable. Adjusted explained variance of the LUR models was highest for post-monsoon (77%), followed by monsoon (71%) and was lowest for pre-monsoon (70%). This is the first study conducted in Pakistan to explore the applicability of LUR model and hence will offer the application in other cities. The results of this study would also provide help in promoting epidemiological research in future.

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INVESTIGASI PENGARUH KONDISI LALU LINTAS DAN ASPEK METEOROLOGI TERHADAP KONSENTRASI PENCEMAR SO2 DI KOTA SEMARANG

Jurnal Presipitasi Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/presipitasi.v13i1.21-27 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Titik Istirokhatun ◽

Ita Tetriana Agustini ◽

Sudarno Sudarno

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Human Health ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Health Problems ◽

Traffic Light ◽

Road Users ◽

The Impact

The presence of air pollution in ambient air is closely related to the incidence of adverse reactions affecting human health. One of harmful pollutants and potentially major cause health problems is sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). The number of vehicles that are passing and queuing on the crossroads because of traffic light can affect the concentration of SO 2 . Besides, in these locations there are a lot of road users which are potentially exposed by contaminants, so information about the concentration of SO 2 is important to know. This study aimed to investigate the impact of meteorological factors and the number of vehicles on SO 2 concentrations. Impinger was used for air sampling, and pararosaniline method was used for determining SO 2 concentration. Sampling and calculation of the number of passing vehicles were performed 3 times ie in the morning, afternoon and evening. Based on the results of the study, the highest concentrations of SO 2 were on the range of 15-21 mg/Nm3.

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Coal mine dust lung disease in miners killed in the Upper Big Branch disaster: a review of lung pathology and contemporary respirable dust levels in underground US coal mines

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2021-107694 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. oemed-2021-107694

Author(s):

Leonard H T Go ◽

Francis H Y Green ◽

Jerrold L Abraham ◽

Andrew Churg ◽

Edward L Petsonk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Tissue ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Regulatory Compliance ◽

Respirable Dust ◽

Lung Pathology ◽

Histopathological Findings ◽

Exposure Limit ◽

Underground Coal Mines ◽

The Usa

ObjectivesIn 2010, 29 coal miners died due to an explosion at the Upper Big Branch (UBB) mine in West Virginia, USA. Autopsy examinations of 24 individuals with evaluable lung tissue identified 17 considered to have coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). The objectives of this study were to characterise histopathological findings of lung tissue from a sample of UBB fatalities and better understand the respirable dust concentrations experienced by these miners at UBB relative to other US coal mines.MethodsOccupational pulmonary pathologists evaluated lung tissue specimens from UBB fatalities for the presence of features of pneumoconiosis. Respirable dust and quartz samples submitted for regulatory compliance from all US underground coal mines prior to the disaster were analysed.ResultsFamilies of seven UBB fatalities provided consent for the study. Histopathologic evidence of CWP was found in all seven cases. For the USA, central Appalachia and UBB, compliance dust samples showed the geometric mean for respirable dust was 0.468, 0.420 and 0.518 mg/m3, respectively, and respirable quartz concentrations were 0.030, 0.038 and 0.061 mg/m3. After adjusting for quartz concentrations, UBB exceeded the US permissible exposure limit (PEL) for respirable dust in 28% of samples.ConclusionsAlthough higher than average respirable dust and quartz levels were observed at UBB, over 200 US underground coal mines had higher dust concentrations than UBB and over 100 exceeded the PEL more frequently. Together with lung histopathological findings among UBB fatalities, these data suggest exposures leading to CWP in the USA are more prevalent than previously understood.

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Determination of As, Cd, Ni and Pb in PM10 – comparison of different sample work-up and analysis methods/Bestimmung von As, Cd, Ni und Pb in PM10 – Vergleich verschiedener Probenaufbereitungs- und Analysenverfahren

Gefahrstoffe ◽

10.37544/0949-8036-2020-06-17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (06) ◽

pp. 227-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Beslic ◽

J. Burger ◽

F. Cadoni ◽

D. Centioli ◽

I. Kranjc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Metal Concentration ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Power Functions ◽

Joint Research ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Target Values ◽

Work Up

In 2015 the European Joint Research Center (JRC) for air quality in Ispra, Italy, carried out an intercomparison for the determination of PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air. Five laboratories also analyzed the content of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel) in PM10 from filter samples collected during the intercomparison. Thus, all steps from sampling in the field to instrumental quantification of heavy metals in the laboratory could be statistically analyzed. The different techniques of sampling and sample work-up had no significant influence on the analysis results. However, the method of instrumental analysis strongly influenced them: The results of laboratories using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) coincided well in most cases. For laboratories using the Energy Dispersed X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) technique the uncertainty of the results strongly depended on the metal concentration. For cadmium the concentrations generally were too low for analysis by ED-XRF, for arsenic, lead and nickel the relative uncertainties decreased exponentially with increasing concentrations. The relation between metal concentration and the relative uncertainty of analysis results could be described as power functions. Analysis of lead and nickel by ED-XRF is well possible in the range of the EU limit and target values for these metals.

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On the spread of ultrafine particulate matter: A mathematical model for motor vehicle emissions and their effects as an asthma trigger

International Journal of Biomathematics ◽

10.1142/s179352452150087x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle N. Rosado-Pérez ◽

Karen Ríos-Soto

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Traveling Wave Solutions ◽

Reaction Diffusion ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Diffusion Type

Asthma is a respiratory disease that affects the lungs, with a prevalence of 339.4 million people worldwide [G. Marks, N. Pearce, D. Strachan, I. Asher and P. Ellwood, The Global Asthma Report 2018, globalasthmareport.org (2018)]. Many factors contribute to the high prevalence of asthma, but with the rise of the industrial age, air pollutants have become one of the main Ultrafine particles (UFPs), which are a type of air pollutant that can affect asthmatics the most. These UFPs originate primarily from the combustion of motor vehicles [P. Solomon, Ultrafine particles in ambient air. EM: Air and Waste Management Association’s Magazine for Environmental Managers (2012)] and although in certain places some regulations to control their emission have been implemented they might not be enough. In this work, a mathematical model of reaction–diffusion type is constructed to study how UFPs grow and disperse in the environment and in turn how they affect an asthmatic population. Part of our focus is on the existence of traveling wave solutions and their minimum asymptotic speed of pollutant propagation [Formula: see text]. Through the analysis of the model it was possible to identify the necessary threshold conditions to control the pollutant emissions and consequently reduce the asthma episodes in the population. Analytical and numerical results from this work prove how harmful the UFEs are for the asthmatic population and how they can exacerbate their asthma episodes.

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Experimental Investigation on Contact Angle of Sintered Copper Powder Wick

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.575 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 819 ◽

pp. 575-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nandy Putra ◽

Iwan Setyawan ◽

Dimas Raditya

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Copper Powder ◽

High Speed ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Video Camera ◽

High Heat ◽

High Heat Flux ◽

Powder Particle Size ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Sintered Copper

Heat pipes are widely used in electronic cooling and other applications that require efficient transport or spreading of heat from local sources of high heat flux. One factor that most affect the performance of this device is the wetting properties of the wick material, whereby a hydrophilic wick material is required to transport the liquid from the evaporator to the condenser. The performance of heat pipe will decrease when the wick surface becomes hydrophobic as indicated by changes in its contact angle (CA). This study aims to determine the effect of ambient air exposure on the wettability of wick material. Wettability for a surface by a certain liquid can be shown by measuring the contact angle of liquid droplets on the surface. In this experiment, the contact angle was captured using a high speed video camera followed by image processing and then measured using Image J software. The surface of the sample/wick is a sintered copper powder which in this study through a process of forming or compaction by various parameters such as powder particle size, compacting pressure and sintering temperature. From the results of this study was found that the longer wicks were exposed in the ambient air, the contact angle of the liquid on the wick surface will be getting increased. After 7 days were contaminated on the ambient air, then all samples have been turned into hydrophobic, CA>90°.

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