scholarly journals Peculiarities of the Expression of immune mediators under aerogenic exposure of aluminum

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1203-1210
Author(s):  
Inga N. Alikina ◽  
Oleg V. Dolgikh ◽  
Olga A. Kazakova
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Immune Mediators ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Aluminum Compounds

Introduction. Chemical admixtures, including those containing aluminum contaminate the R.F. territory environment. There is a well-proven dependence between hygienic factors and population health. Both facts call for developing scientifically substantiated sanitary recommendations for diagnostics and prevention that should involve applying up-to-date critical technologies, including research on proteins acting as immune modulators. Material and methods. We performed a diagnostic examination and comparatively analyzed the health of children living on territory under the ambient air exposure to aluminum compounds in 78 children who had lived there for not less than four years. The reference group consisted of 20 children who lived in a recreation zone. Immune indices in the examined children were assessed using flow cytometry (Bcl-2, TNFRI), enzyme immunoassay (carcinoembryonic antigen CEA), and allergosorbent (IgG-specific to the aluminum) methods. Genetic indices (TLR4, CPOX, ANKK1) were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also identified aluminum in ambient air and biological media with mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Results. We took ambient air exposure to aluminum in 2 reference concentrations. The average aluminum contents in children’s blood were established to be authentically (p < 0.05) higher than reference levels (by 5.5 times) and the same indices in children from the reference group (by 4.5 times). Average aluminum contents in the blood of children from the test group amounted to 0.037 µg/cm3. It was authentically different from the same index in the reference group (0.02 µg/cm3). Simultaneously we revealed that exposed children had polymorph genotypes of proteomic profile genes in blood plasma, namely TLR4 rs1927911, CPOX (rs1131857), ANKK1 rs1800497. Adverse effects of the exposure to aluminum became apparent due to disorders of neural immune regulation as hyperproduction of IgG specific to aluminum and anti-apoptotic transcription protein Bcl-2. It was confirmed by authentic relations between exposure markers and effects that are absent in the reference group as well as by apparent health disorders such as asthenovegetative syndrome. Conclusion. The expression of immune mediators (protein that take part in apoptosis, such as TNFR or anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2) and related sections in candidate genes (CPOX rs1131857, ANKK1 rs1800497) with polymorphic changes in them can be recommended as indices for determining and preventing the risk of harm to health in conditions of excessive aerogenic contamination with aluminum compounds.

Determination of As, Cd, Ni and Pb in PM10 – comparison of different sample work-up and analysis methods/Bestimmung von As, Cd, Ni und Pb in PM10 – Vergleich verschiedener Probenaufbereitungs- und Analysenverfahren

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (06) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Beslic ◽  
J. Burger ◽  
F. Cadoni ◽  
D. Centioli ◽  
I. Kranjc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Work Up

In 2015 the European Joint Research Center (JRC) for air quality in Ispra, Italy, carried out an intercomparison for the determination of PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air. Five laboratories also analyzed the content of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel) in PM10 from filter samples collected during the intercomparison. Thus, all steps from sampling in the field to instrumental quantification of heavy metals in the laboratory could be statistically analyzed. The different techniques of sampling and sample work-up had no significant influence on the analysis results. However, the method of instrumental analysis strongly influenced them: The results of laboratories using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) coincided well in most cases. For laboratories using the Energy Dispersed X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) technique the uncertainty of the results strongly depended on the metal concentration. For cadmium the concentrations generally were too low for analysis by ED-XRF, for arsenic, lead and nickel the relative uncertainties decreased exponentially with increasing concentrations. The relation between metal concentration and the relative uncertainty of analysis results could be described as power functions. Analysis of lead and nickel by ED-XRF is well possible in the range of the EU limit and target values for these metals.

scholarly journals Daily and hourly chemical impact of springtime transboundary aerosols on Japanese air quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Moreno ◽  
T. Kojima ◽  
F. Amato ◽  
F. Lucarelli ◽  
J. de la Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Chemical Database ◽  
Ambient Concentrations ◽  
Chinese Coal

Abstract. The regular eastward drift of transboundary aerosol intrusions from the Asian mainland into the NW Pacific region has a pervasive impact on air quality in Japan, especially during springtime. Analysis of 24-h filter samples with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hourly Streaker with Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) samples collected continuously for six weeks reveal the chemistry of successive waves of natural mineral desert dust ("Kosa") and metalliferous sulphatic pollutants arriving in western Japan during spring 2011. The main aerosol sources recognised by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of Streaker data are mineral dust and fresh sea salt (both mostly in the coarser fraction PM2.5–10), As-bearing sulphatic aerosol (PM0.1–2.5), metalliferous sodic particulate matter (PM) interpreted as aged, industrially contaminated marine aerosol, and ZnCu-bearing aerosols. Whereas mineral dust arrivals are typically highly transient, peaking over a few hours, sulphatic intrusions build up and decline more slowly, and are accompanied by notable rises in ambient concentrations of metallic trace elements such as Pb, As, Zn, Sn and Cd. The magnitude of the loss in regional air quality due to the spread and persistence of pollution from mainland Asia is especially clear when cleansing oceanic air advects westward across Japan, removing the continental influence and reducing concentrations of the undesirable metalliferous pollutants by over 90%. Our new chemical database, especially the Streaker data, demonstrates the rapidly changing complexity of ambient air inhaled during these transboundary events, and implicates Chinese coal combustion as the main source of the anthropogenic aerosol component.

scholarly journals METALS IN RESPIRABLE AND INHALABLE DUST AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamzani Affendy Mohd Din ◽  
Rashidi Othman ◽  
Nik Nurul Hidayah Nik Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Inhalable Dust

Haze episode has always becomes the one of the common reasons for emergency closing of school. Unique approach had been used to collect and examine the toxic metal of the respirable and inhalable dust by combining the latest personal cyclone and seven-hole head sampler together with the latest spectrometer of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in a single framework. Iron is found significantly different with the highest concentration at 107.895 ng m-3. The mean ranges of metal in respirable dust found in educational institutions are between 0.005 and 78.629 ng m-3. The findings of this research seen the amount of respirable dust exceeds more than 21.13 per cent than inhalable dust. Analysed metals found are not exceeding the ambient air exposure limit established by Department of Environment Malaysia. Hence, it is understood that the outdoor atmospheric environments of Malaysian educational institutions are non-hazardous for both visitors and occupiers (students and personnel). The high level of iron signify that it is safe for the crossing of children to have a traffic light in front of the school, but the idling of motor vehicles emitted more pollutant that risks health of the school children, teachers and officers. These suggest that when there are schools, there shall be constructed of flyover crossing for long term solution or with certain distance to traffic sources.

scholarly journals PL Intensity and Life-Time Enhancements of the n-GaN Light-Emitting Diode During the Device Fabrication

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Shen-Li Chen ◽  
Chin-Chai Chen ◽  
Yeong-Lin Lai ◽  
Wen-Jung Chiang ◽  
Hung-Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Etching

In this study, a thermal annealing process was used for evaluating the recovering effect of the surface bombardment in the plasma etching process. After inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching, the n-GaN samples were heated and annealed in an N2ambient, which influenced the electrical and photonic characteristics of the devices under test. Eventually, it showed that the resistance improved after the annealing treatment, particularly at a temperature of 550 °C. Furthermore, photoluminescence (and emission-intensity degradation) measurements yielded the same results for these n-GaN LED samples, which increased to 200% (8%) of that of a nonannealing reference group at this annealing temperature. However, this annealing treatment did not completely repair the luminescence intensity and emission life-time because of the formation of deep-level point defects on the n-GaN sample surface during the fabrication process.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Chemical Tracing of Dust Variation in an Underground Historic Salt Mine

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Puławska ◽  
Maciej Manecki ◽  
Michał Flasza
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Local Range

The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of the evolution of atmospheric dust composition in an open-to-public subterranean site (UNESCO-recognized historic mine) at increasing distances from the air intake. The role of the components imported with atmospheric air from the surface was compared with natural and anthropogenic sources of dust from inside the mine. Samples of deposited dust were directly collected from flat surfaces at 11 carefully selected sites. The morphological, mineralogical, and chemical characteristics were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). The study showed that the air in the underground salt mine was free of pollutants present in the ambient air on the surface. Most of the components sucked into the mine by the ventilation system from the surface (regular dust, particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, biogenic particles, etc.) underwent quick and instantaneous sedimentation in the close vicinity of the air inlet to the mine. The dust settled in the mine interior primarily consisted of natural geogenic particles, locally derived from the weathering of the host rock (halite, anhydrite, and aluminosilicates). This was confirmed by low values of enrichment factors (EF) calculated for minor and trace elements. Only one site, due to the tourist railroad and the associated local intensive tourist traffic, represented the anthropogenic sources of elevated concentrations of ferruginous particles and accompanied metals (P, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, and W). The gravitational deposition of pollutants from these sources limits the effects of the emissions to the local range. The used methodology and the results are universal and might also apply to other mines, caves, or underground installations used for museums, tourists, or speleotherapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals Hygienic assessment of impacts exerted by factors related to educational process and lifestyle on health of schoolchildren attending secondary schools in industrial megacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 822-828
Author(s):  
Svetlana L. Valina ◽  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Irina E. Shtina ◽  
Olga Yu. Ustinova ◽  
Dar’ya A. Eisfeld
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Radical Oxidation

Introduction. Negative trends that occur regarding health of contemporary schoolchildren are caused by complex impacts exerted by environmental factors.Material and methods. We examined 178 schoolchildren (the test group) in primary, middle, and high school attending an educational establishment with advanced studies on several subjects. The establishment was located on a territory with phenol concentrations in ambient air being up to 1.7 MPC average daily. Our reference group was made up of children who attended an ordinary secondary school located on an area which was relatively sanitary and hygienically safe.Results. We compared education processes in both establishments and revealed that schoolchildren from the test group had to study more intensely. Exposed children had phenol in their blood in concentrations that were 2.0 times higher than the background level and 1.4 times higher than the same parameter in the reference group. The average group concentration of hydrocortisone was 1.2 times higher in the test group than in the reference one. We revealed an authentic dependence between elevated hydrocortisone concentration in blood in children from the test group and phenol concentrations in their blood being higher than hygienic standards (R2=0.39; F=22.9; p=0.036). Our examination allowed establishing chronic exposure to a chemical factor and intense education process at a school with advanced studies on several subjects to result in by 2.0-9.0 times higher risks of pathologies in the nervous system, height and weight disorders, disrupted physical development, heart rate disorders, the formation of antibodies to thyroid gland tissues, 1.2-4.5 times more intense free radical oxidation, intoxication, negative changes in time gaps of basic mental functions and thyroid gland volume.Conclusion. We established the highest risk of physical development disorders and pathologies in the nervous system caused by complex impacts exerted by environmental factors in the sensitive puberty (OR=2.1-7.32; DI=1.4-33.4; p=0.007-0.05).

scholarly journals REGULARITIES IN DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM DEVELOPING IN SCHOOLCHILDREN UNDER COMPLEX EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND FACTORS RELATED TO LIFESTYLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
S.L. Valina ◽  
◽  
I.Е. Shtina ◽  
О.А. Maklakova ◽  
О.Yu. Ustinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
School Children ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Daily Consumption

The present research is vital due to diseases of the musculoskeletal system being widely spread and having great social significance as well as a variety of etiological factors that cause this pathology among schoolchildren. Overall, 339 school- children were examined; they attended secondary schools located on territories with different sanitary-hygienic conditions regarding ambient air. Hygienic, clinical-laboratory and instrumental procedures as well as mathematical data processing were applied to fulfill the research tasks. Average daily consumption of food products was estimated as per “Dairies of a weekly schoolchildren’s ration”; specific factors related to lifestyle were estimated via questioning performed with a specifi- cally designed authors’ questionnaire. Children who attended a secondary school in a city where metallic construction mate- rials were manufactured had manganese concentrations in their blood that were by 8–9 % higher than among their counter- parts from the reference group; lead concentrations in their blood were by 1.9–2.2 times higher than in the reference group and by up to 1.7 times higher than background levels. Priority factors that produce such negative effects on health as dis- eases of the musculoskeletal system include the following: school subjects with the same complexity do not interchange with simpler ones in schedules; breaks between classes do not conform to hygienic regulations; food rations are imbalanced as per milk products and eggs; physical training and doing sports are irregular; homework takes longer period of times than before. Average ionized calcium contents in blood of children from the test group were by 9.0–14.0 % lower and hydrocorti- sone contents were by 1.3–1.5 times higher than in the reference group (р=0.0001–0.01). Lower mineral density of bone tissues was by 1.6 times more frequent among children from the test group (р=0.04). Diseases of the musculoskeletal system were 4.6–15 times more probable and scoliosis was 8–11 times more probable due to persistent exposure to manganese and lead, violated hygienic principles of education process organization and food rations, and low physical activity of school- children. Changes in bone metabolism, activation of a stress-releasing system, and a decrease in bone mass are basic etiopa- thogenetic regularities in developing chronic pathology of the musculoskeletal system among schoolchildren associated with exposure to specific environmental factors and factors related to lifestyle.

scholarly journals REGULARITIES IN DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM DEVELOPING IN SCHOOLCHILDREN UNDER COMPLEX EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND FACTORS RELATED TO LIFESTYLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
S.L. Valina ◽  
◽  
I.Е. Shtina ◽  
О.А. Maklakova ◽  
О.Yu. Ustinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
School Children ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Daily Consumption

The present research is vital due to diseases of the musculoskeletal system being widely spread and having great social significance as well as a variety of etiological factors that cause this pathology among schoolchildren. Overall, 339 school- children were examined; they attended secondary schools located on territories with different sanitary-hygienic conditions regarding ambient air. Hygienic, clinical-laboratory and instrumental procedures as well as mathematical data processing were applied to fulfill the research tasks. Average daily consumption of food products was estimated as per “Dairies of a weekly schoolchildren’s ration”; specific factors related to lifestyle were estimated via questioning performed with a specifi- cally designed authors’ questionnaire. Children who attended a secondary school in a city where metallic construction mate- rials were manufactured had manganese concentrations in their blood that were by 8–9 % higher than among their counter- parts from the reference group; lead concentrations in their blood were by 1.9–2.2 times higher than in the reference group and by up to 1.7 times higher than background levels. Priority factors that produce such negative effects on health as dis- eases of the musculoskeletal system include the following: school subjects with the same complexity do not interchange with simpler ones in schedules; breaks between classes do not conform to hygienic regulations; food rations are imbalanced as per milk products and eggs; physical training and doing sports are irregular; homework takes longer period of times than before. Average ionized calcium contents in blood of children from the test group were by 9.0–14.0 % lower and hydrocorti- sone contents were by 1.3–1.5 times higher than in the reference group (р=0.0001–0.01). Lower mineral density of bone tissues was by 1.6 times more frequent among children from the test group (р=0.04). Diseases of the musculoskeletal system were 4.6–15 times more probable and scoliosis was 8–11 times more probable due to persistent exposure to manganese and lead, violated hygienic principles of education process organization and food rations, and low physical activity of school- children. Changes in bone metabolism, activation of a stress-releasing system, and a decrease in bone mass are basic etiopa- thogenetic regularities in developing chronic pathology of the musculoskeletal system among schoolchildren associated with exposure to specific environmental factors and factors related to lifestyle.

scholarly journals Determination of Metal Concentration in Road-Side Trees from an Industrial Area Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Jee Young Kim ◽  
Jaeseon Park ◽  
Jongwoo Choi ◽  
Jinwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollution History ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Historical pollution can be elucidated with variations of elements’ concentration in tree rings by using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). However, the capacity of chemical elements’ absorption significantly depends on the tree species and element types. Metal concentrations in the rings for five species (Platanus occidentalis, Salix koreensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba) were investigated in light of metal pollution history in ambient air of D industrial site located in Daejeon, Korea. The calibration for LA-ICP-MS was performed using cellulose-matrix matched standards with 13C normalization. Tree ring series except for Ginkgo sp. showed that the accumulation rates of Pb and Cd were higher between 1992 and 1999. Other elements, such as Fe, Cr, Mn, Cd, Zn, and Sr, showed a variation in the rings, likely due to the different physiological processes of element uptake and radial mobility. Concentrations of Pb and Cd in the annual rings of Pinus sp. corresponded to the metal monitoring data for the ambient air with the correlation coefficients of 0.879 and 0.579, respectively. Moreover, Cd in Platanus sp. and Pb in Salix sp. showed a positive correlation to ambient metal concentration compared to Chamaecyparis sp. and Ginkgo sp. Therefore, caution should be taken to select candidate elements as well as tree species to reconstruct the ambient air metal pollution history by measuring the concentration of metal in the tree ring.

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