scholarly journals Features of background radiation of different St. Petersburg districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
V.G. Puzyrev ◽  
◽  
I.V. Vasilyeva ◽  
D.A. Zemlyanoi ◽  
Y.N. Kapyrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
General Description ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The South ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Equivalent Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Control ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Radiation Monitoring System

Radiation safety takes an essential part in the megalopolises' ecological system. Nowadays the influence of radiation factor on the biosphere is considered one of the determining factors and it causes the necessity to monitor the environmental and radiation safety of the population. The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of the ambient equivalent dose rate (ADER) of gamma radiation according to automated radiation monitoring system (АSКRО) data and its own measurements in the South-Western district of St. Petersburg. The article presents an analysis of the radiation background of St. Petersburg over the past five years based on the data of the АSКRО, as well as the results of own measurements of the ADER in the South-Western district of St. Petersburg using the dosimeter-radiometer "Ecologist profi". When analyzing the radiation levels of various districts of St. Petersburg, it was found that the regions with a relatively higher level of ADER included the Central and South-Western regions. The results of our own meas-urements are comparable with the data from АSКRО; there are no significant differences be-tween the data samples. The results of the study show that the АSКRО data can be used for a general description of the radiation situation in certain areas of St. Petersburg, but they can not serve as a substitute for operational radiation control (monitoring). It is necessary to constantly control and monitor the radiation situation in the region in order to obtain information for timely detection of changes in the radiation situation and to prevent possible negative consequences of radiation exposure for the population and the natural environment.

Integrative taxonomic methods reveal an incorrect synonymisation of the South African Pseudonereis podocirra (Schmarda) as the widespread Pseudonereis variegata (Grube) from Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi Kara ◽  
Angus H. H. Macdonald ◽  
Carol A. Simon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Description ◽  
The South ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
The Status

The nereidid Pseudonereis variegata (Grube, 1866) described from Chile includes 14 synonymised species from 10 type localities with a discontinuous distribution, but no taxonomic or molecular studies have investigated the status of this species outside Chile. Two synonymised species, Mastigonereis podocirra Schmarda, 1861 and Nereis (Nereilepas) stimpsonis Grube, 1866, were described from South Africa and investigated here using morphological examination. MtCOI species delimitation analyses and morphology were used to determine the status of P. variegata in South Africa. Morphological examination revealed that museum and freshly collected specimens from South Africa that conform to the general description of P. variegata are similar to M. podocirra and N. stimpsonis with respect to the consistent absence of homogomph spinigers in the inferior neuropodial fascicle, expanded notopodial ligules and the subterminal attachment of dorsal cirri in posterior parapodia. The synonymy of M. podocirra and N. stimpsonis as P. variegata are rejected and P. podocirra, comb. nov. is reinstated. Morphologically, Pseudonereis podocirra differed from specimens from Chile with regard to the numbers of paragnaths, the absence of homogomph spinigers and changes in parapodial morphology along the body. Independence of these species was further supported by genetic distances, automatic barcode gap discovery and multi-rate Poisson tree process species delimitation analyses of 77 mtCOI sequences. Haplotype network revealed no genetic structuring within the South African populations. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F0B1A5AF-9CE9-4A43-ACCF-17117E1C2F21

scholarly journals Characteristics of natural radiation background at the Callio Lab (Finland) performed within the BSUIN project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kisiel ◽  
Kinga Polaczek-Grelik ◽  
Katarzyna Szkliniarz ◽  
Agata Walencik-Łata ◽  
Jari Joutsenvaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Semiconductor Spectrometer ◽  
The Baltic

<p>The BSUIN (Baltic Sea Underground Innovation Network) aims to enhance the accessibility of the underground laboratories in the Baltic Sea region for innovation, business and science. One of the BSUIN project activities is characterization of natural background radiation (NBR) in underground facilities. In this talk results from NBR measurements performed in Callio Lab, Pyhäsalmi, Finland, at the depth of 4100 m w.e. will be presented. The in-situ gamma spectra were collected with the use of  HPGe semiconductor spectrometer, whereas the  concentration of radon were measured with RAD7 electronic detector. In addition, the water and rock samples were taken for laboratory analysis in Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Poland. The concentration radioisotopes in water samples were performed by using a liquid scintillation α/β counter (LSC) and α-particle spectrometry, while the concentration of radioisotopes in rock samples were performed by using laboratory gamma ray spectrometry and also α-particle spectrometry.</p>

The vegetation of the south-eastern Riverina, New South Wales. II. The disclimax communities

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
CWE Moore
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
General Description ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales

A general description of the disclimax communities in the south-eastem Riverina is presented.The disclimax communities are essentially the pastures developed on clearing some or all of the trees in the climax communities and grazing the herbaceous stratum. These pastures are discussed in relation to soil and the grazing factor. Notes on the occurrence of weeds and the possibilities of pasture improvement are given.

Characteristics of natural neutron radiation background performed within the BSUIN project.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Jedrzejczak ◽  
Marcin Kasztelan ◽  
Jacek Szabelski ◽  
Przemysław Tokarski ◽  
Jerzy Orzechowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Baltic

<p>The BSUIN (Baltic Sea Underground Innovation Network) aims to enhance the accessibility of the underground laboratories in the Baltic Sea region for innovation, business and science. One of the BSUIN project activities is characterization of natural background radiation (NBR) in underground facilities. A specific type of NRB is neutron radiation, whose measurement requires specific instruments and long-term exposure in-situ, in heavy underground conditions.</p><p>In this talk the method of natural neutron radiation background will be presented as well as results of pilot measurements in several underground locations. In order to make this measurements, a measuring setup was designed and made. The setup design is closely matched to the task: the setup is scalable in a wide range, completely remotely controlled (via the Internet) and capable of long-term operation (months).</p><p>The pilot measurements were performed in Callio Lab, Pyhäsalmi, Finland, (4100 m w.e.), in Reiche Zeche mine in Freiberg, Germany (410 m w.e.) and in Experimental Mine “Barbara” in Mikołów, Poland (100 m w.e).</p>

scholarly journals The long-term effects of space weather on satellite operations

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Welling
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Particle Exposure ◽  
Total Lifetime ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Integrated lifetime radiation damage may cause spacecraft to become more susceptible to operational anomalies by changing material characteristics of electronic components. This study demonstrates and quantifies the impact of these effects by examining the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) satellite anomaly database. Energetic particle data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) is used to construct the total lifetime particle exposure a satellite has received at the epoch of an anomaly. These values are compared to the satellite's chronological age and the average exposure per year (calculated over two solar cycles.) The results show that many anomalies occur on satellites that have received a total lifetime high-energy particle exposure that is disproportionate to their age. In particular, 10.8% of all events occurred on satellites that received over two times more 20 to 40 MeV proton lifetime particle exposure than predicted using an average annual mean. This number inflates to 35.2% for 40 to 80 MeV protons and 33.7% for ≥2 MeV electrons. Overall, 73.5% of all anomalies occurred on a spacecraft that had experienced greater than two times the expected particle exposure for one of the eight particle populations used in this study. Simplistically, this means that the long term radiation background exposure matters, and that if the background radiation is elevated during the satellite's lifetime, the satellite is likely to experience more anomalies than satellites that have not been exposed to the elevated environment.

scholarly journals Blessed are those that hunger and thirst for righteousness: Sharpening the ethical dimension of prophetic preaching in a context of corruption

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz W. De Wet ◽  
Ferdi P. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
African Society ◽  
The South ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Prophetic Preaching ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of corruption has enormous negative consequences for the ideal of an orderly and peaceful society. Corruption does not only have a destructive impact on socio-economic life, but also on human relationships, value systems and vision for life. With this research the authors described the role of the ethical dimension of prophetic preaching in addressing the apparent lack of righteousness as it manifests in a context of corruption in the South African society. The problem field was explored with the focus on an apparent lack of vision and willingness to hunger and thirst for righteousness in the current manifestation of corruption in the South African society. Normative perspectives from Scripture (attempting to voice the impact of Jesus� words in the Beatitudes, with the focus on Matthew 5�6) were discussed. It is reasoned that Jesus� words pneumatologically proved to be essential in developing a sharpened and action-inducing vision of the righteousness of the kingdom of God breaking through in the praxis of a society struggling with the effects of corruption. The research culminated in the formulation of preliminary homiletic theory with a view to a vision for a kind of prophetic preaching that will be able to activate the consciousness of hungering and thirsting for the righteousness of God�s kingdom and lead the believer in a life culminating in blessed nourishment. The ethical dimension of prophetic preaching is anchored in the eschatological sphere, aimed at making the perceiver conscious of the distinct presence of the King, calling his people to a blessed presence in this world and empowering them with his promise of restoration of an abundant life for all.

The Letter-order of the Semitic Alphabets in Africa and the Near East

Africa ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Honeyman
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Near East ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Ethiopic syllabary employed for writing the classical Ge'ez and also, with certain modifications, the contemporary South Semitic vernaculars of East Africa, was formed by super-imposing a system of auxiliary vowel-marks upon a basic consonantal alphabet; this alphabet occurs, alongside of the syllabic script, in the Old Ethiopic inscriptions of the Axumite Kingdom in the fourth century of our era, and is a derivative of the Sabaeo-Minaean or Old South Arabic script found in the monuments of the south-west Arabian kingdoms. But although the Ethiopic syllabary is thus genetically connected with the other main branches of the Semitic alphabet, the traditional order of the signs, in which the consonantal component and the accompanying vowel are the primary and secondary determining factors respectively, does not agree with that of any Semitic alphabet hitherto known. There is no old or reliable native tradition as to the reason underlying the order of the signs; no help is to be had from numerical signs, which elsewhere, as will shortly appear, afford valuable testimony to the order of the letters; for Ethiopic borrowed Greek alphabetic signs for this purpose, while the South Arabian inscriptions used single strokes for the units, and for higher denominations the initial letters of the native words for five, ten, hundred, &c. The mnemonic word-groups reconstructed by Bauer and others are open to objection on grounds of language and sense. Other external criteria yield only tentative and inconclusive results, and the subject has accordingly remained one of speculation and controversy.

South Africa and the Antarctic, 1920–1960

Polar Record ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (180) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus J. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
African State ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
African Government ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThe South African state has never made a formal claim to the Antarctic continent. In the inter-war period, the South African government prepared a number of memorandums and discussion papers on the subject of a ‘South African sector in the Antarctic.’ This paper not only critically interprets those government papers, but, more importantly, assesses the reasons why South Africa never made a formal claim. It is suggested that relations with Britain and the Empire, as well as the activities of Norway and the United States, were crucial determining factors. Finally, the implications for later South African involvement in the South Atlantic and the Antarctic Treaty System are briefly considered.

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