O Estudo da Morte e dos Cuidados Paliativos: Ausências no Currículo de Medicina./ The Study of Death and Palliative Care: Curriculum in the Absence of Medicine.

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Mota Cruz de Assis Figueiredo ◽  
Rita de Cassia M. T. Stano
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Family ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education In Brazil ◽  
De Medicina

O presente artigo acompanha a história da formação médica no Brasil e levanta algumas das origens do cenário atual da prática da medicina no país, considerada como bastante resolutiva na busca da cura do corpo, mas despreparada para a abordagem do sofrimento global que acompanha o processo de adoecimento e da morte. As autoras enfatizam a necessidade de reavaliação crítica dos currículos das escolas de formação médica, buscando-se aliar à excelência técnica da prática profissional, valores como o cuidado integral ao doente por detrás da doença, e a atenção às necessidades deste e da família quando se avizinha a morte. Com base na sua experiência no ensino da Disciplina de Tanatologia e Cuidados Paliativos em duas Faculdades de Medicina, o artigo aponta como um dos caminhos para a construção de uma nova base curricular, mais responsivo à necessidade de profissionais e doentes, o ensino desta Disciplina nas diversas escolas médicas do país.  Palavras-chave: Tanatologia, Cuidados Paliativos, Currículo.       ABSTRACT This article outlines the history of medical education in Brazil and raises some of the origins of the current scenario of medical practice in the country, considered as quite resolute in the pursuit of healing the body, but unprepared for addressing global suffering that accompanies the process of illness and death. The author emphasizes the need for critical reappraisal of curricula of medical education, seeking to combine technical excellence in professional practice, values ​​as comprehensive care for the patient behind the disease, and attention to the needs of the family and when approaching death. Based on his experience in teaching discipline Thanatology and Palliative Care in two medical schools, the article points out how one of the ways to build a new base curriculum more responsive to the needs of professionals and patients, the teaching of this discipline in several medical schools in the country.  Keywords: Thanatology, Palliative Care, Curriculum.   

scholarly journals “It’s Always Been a Second Class Cancer”: An Exploration of the Experiences and Journeys of Bereaved Family Carers of People with Sarcoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2670
Author(s):  
Moira O’Connor ◽  
Greta Smith ◽  
Ashleigh Pantaleo ◽  
Darren Haywood ◽  
Rhys Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Family Member ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Writing Therapy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Bereaved Family ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis

Sarcomas are a group of rare and aggressive cancers, which develop in bones and connective tissue throughout the body. Sarcomas account for only 1–2% of all cancers worldwide; however, mortality rates for sarcoma are high with approximately two in four sarcoma patients dying following a diagnosis. Delays in diagnosis, poor management of symptoms, patients’ high symptom loads and high carer burden are all associated with carer distress, which may lead to complications after bereavement. The experience of having a family member referred for palliative care is also distressing for carers, with the realisation that their family member is dying. This study aimed to explore the experiences of bereaved family carers of people diagnosed with sarcoma. A qualitative descriptive design using a social constructionist framework was adopted. Interviews were conducted with sixteen participants, and thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in the data. Four overarching themes emerged: beginning the journey; moving through treatment; transitioning to palliative care; and experiencing bereavement. The narratives were coherent and potent, and people reflected on their journeys. Interventions and supports for bereaved carers could include opportunities for counselling to support reflections, supports for developing a narrative such as writing therapy, and preparation for the death of the family member.

scholarly journals Can we cure our patients in palliative care?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Carnegie Foundation ◽  
New Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flexner Report

With the publication of Flexner report in 1910 and implementation in 1913, with the Rockefeller Foundation and Carnegie Foundation behind it, all medical schools on the main continents of the planet (America, Europe, and Asia) had to adapt to follow the new model of a so-called scientific school. Schools that did not meet the Flexner criteria had to be closed, such as those teaching herbal medicine, naturopathy, homeopathy, etc and only 20% of the schools maintain working. The history of medicine in USA was written by King (1984) in the article entitled XX. The Flexner Report of 1910 [1].

Why paleomedicine is useful for medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-137804
Author(s):  
Philippe Charlier ◽  
Simon Donnell ◽  
Donatella Lippi ◽  
Andreas Nerlich ◽  
Victor Asensi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biomedical Publications

What is the place of medico-historical cases in the professional practice of the disciplinary field of medicine and biology? How can these patients from the past be used for teaching and continuing medical education? How to justify their place in biomedical publications? In this article, we explain all the legitimacy of paleomedicine, and the need to intensify such research in the form of a well-individualised branch of paleopathology and the history of medicine.

Irish Medical Education and Student Culture, c.1850-1950

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Student Life ◽  
Student Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irish Medical

This book is the first comprehensive history of medical student culture and medical education in Ireland from the middle of the nineteenth century until the 1950s. Utilising a variety of rich sources, including novels, newspapers, student magazines, doctors’ memoirs, and oral history accounts, it examines Irish medical student life and culture, incorporating students’ educational and extra-curricular activities at all of the Irish medical schools. The book investigates students' experiences in the lecture theatre, hospital, dissecting room and outside their studies, such as in ‘digs’, sporting teams and in student societies, illustrating how representations of medical students changed in Ireland over the period and examines the importance of class, religious affiliation and the appropriate traits that students were expected to possess. It highlights religious divisions as well as the dominance of the middle classes in Irish medical schools while also exploring institutional differences, the students’ decisions to pursue medical education, emigration and the experiences of women medical students within a predominantly masculine sphere. Through an examination of the history of medical education in Ireland, this book builds on our understanding of the Irish medical profession while also contributing to the wider scholarship of student life and culture. It will appeal to those interested in the history of medicine, the history of education and social history in modern Ireland.

scholarly journals Escritura de mujeres, escritura de las diferencias

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gargallo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Women's Writing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Narrative Poetry ◽  
Literatura Latinoamericana ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Resumen: Se rastrea la historia contemporánea de la literaturalatinoamericana escrita por mujeres, mostrando temáticas queprofundizan en la diferencia sexual y sus consecuencias parala escritura. Se exploran las consecuencias para la narrativa yla poética de las autoras, de temas como la eroticidad femeninay la especificidad del cuerpo de la mujer, y el lugar que ésteocupa en las historias familiar, nacional y continental. Seindaga asimismo sobre las formas en las cuales sus narracionescontribuyeron al meta-relato del patriarcado latinoamericano.A la vez, en este trabajo se registran las huellas dejadas en lanarrativa y la poética de estas autoras por las resistenciasfemeninas frente al orden patriarcal.Palabras clave: Escritura de mujeres, Diferencia sexual, Feminismo,Literatura latinoamericana, Narrativa, PoéticaAbstract: The contemporary history of Latin American literaturewritten by women is traced, showing the themes that delve intosexual difference and its consequences for writing. Theconsequences of feminine eroticism and the specificity ofwomen’s bodies for the writers’ narratives and poetry areexplored, as well as the place the body occupies in the family,national and continental histories. The way in which theirnarratives contributed to the meta-story of Latin Americanpatriarchy is taken into account. At the same time, this paperrecords the imprints feminine resistance to the patriarchal orderleaves in these authors’ narrative and poetic work.Key words: Women’s writing, sexual difference, feminism,Latina American literatura, narrative, poetry

scholarly journals Teaching Anatomy; Dissecting its Delivery in Medical Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-321
Author(s):  
DJ Jordan ◽  
M Griffin ◽  
B Phillips ◽  
S Hindocha ◽  
A Elgawad
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Religious Feeling ◽  
Teaching Anatomy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
History Of Anatomy

Anatomy has long been a topic of interest amongst both those in medicine and those not. The understanding of biology, in terms of the function and structure of the organs and other structures of the body, has dramatically changed over time, and has been closely related to both scientific improvement and religious feeling.There is no doubt that gross anatomy is one of the preclinical cornerstones of medical education, but the way in which it has been taught has changed over the years. As early as the 16thcentury, Vesalius stated that anatomy could only be taught by dissection, however, alternative options for cadaveric study are certainly more available now than when this statement was made.Current teaching methods incorporate the tried and tested cadaveric based dissection, but has more recently been super ceded by the use of computer based imaging and the change to self-orientated or problem based learning. The shift towards the latter has led to a perceived suffering to the gain of anatomical and pathological knowledge of new doctors and surgeons.This paper aims to describe the history of anatomy teaching and review the current evidence for and against the current methods used for its deliverance.

scholarly journals Esp teaching in contemporary medical education in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Athany Gutierres ◽  
Ivana Loraine Lindemann ◽  
Cláudia Menoncini
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Education In Brazil

The early 2000s have witnessed significant changes in medical education in Brazil, especially because of the creation of the More Doctors (Mais Médicos) program in 2013 and the publication of the resolution that establishes the National Curricular Guidelines for Medicine undergraduate courses in 2014. The latter focuses on a human, critical and socially responsible education, which comprehends the development of the proficiency in a foreign language, preferably a lingua franca. The objective of this paper is to map the inclusion of foreign languages, particularly English, in Political Pedagogical Projects (PPPs) from public medical schools between the years 2013-2019. Online bibliographical research was carried out and data were collected from the e-MEC system and the PPPs. Descriptive statistics have shown that 65.1% of Medicine undergraduate courses (n=28) include the proficiency of a foreign language in their PPPs, being that language English in 35.7% and any other language in 64.3%; 34.9% of the institutions do not incorporate any foreign language at all. Although the majority of medical schools seem to be conforming with the National Curricular Guidelines, there might be still a gap between targeted English language practices and their association to health education and the promotion of healthcare actions. 

A Contribution to the Life-history of a Gnathostome

Parasitology ◽  
1925 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa C. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stomach Wall ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The family Gnathostomidae contains several genera and a fair number of species of nematodes of rather aberrant type and of uncertain affinities. As pointed out by Baylis and Lane (1920) in their excellent revision of the family, there is little doubt but that it should be included in the superfamily Spiruroidea. The subfamily Gnathostominae is characterised by the possession of a head bulb containing four closed membranous hollow structures, called ballonets by Baylis and Lane, connected posteriorly with four elongate sac-like structures designated cervical sacs. Three genera are recognised in this sub-family as follows: Tanqua, in which the head bulb is provided with transverse cuticular ridges, and Echinocephalus and Gnathostoma in which the head bulb is provided with rows of thorn-like spines. In Echinocephalus the body is smooth and destitute of cuticular spines, whereas in Gnathostoma all or a large part of the body has rows of cuticular spines on the posterior edges of the annulations. The first two genera are parasitic in the intestinal tract of cold-blooded vertebrates, whereas Gnathostoma apparently has its normal habitat in the stomach wall of mammals, as Baylis and Lane have pointed out.

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