scholarly journals Palatability and digestibility of horse diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp

2015 ◽  
pp. 4544-4555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla G Moreira ◽  
Ives CS Bueno ◽  
Madalena L Menezes ◽  
Thaís P Mota ◽  
Aline D Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intake Ratio

ABSTRACTObjective. To evaluate the impact of citrus pulp on the palatability and digestibility of horse diets and the physicochemical characteristics of the feces. Materials and methods. The diets were composed of 60% of the energy from the forage and 40% from the concentrate, with increasing levels of citrus pulp. Two different tests were performed. The first test assessed the palatability of concentrates. Using a randomized experimental design, 15 horses were observed for 10 days. The variables recorded were first action, first choice and intake ratio (IR). Five horses were arranged in 5x5 Latin Square design for the test assessing digestibility and fecal physicochemical characteristics. The apparent digestibility of the nutrients and the color, consistency, pH and buffering capacity (BC) of the feces were evaluated. Results. The addition of increasing levels of citrus pulp had an effect (p≤0.001) on first action. A difference was also observed in first choice, and the addition of 0, 7 or 14% of citrus pulp was preferred. A difference between treatments (p≤0.001) was also observed for IR, and the control concentrate was consumed the most. The amount of citrus pulp included had no effect (p>0.05) on the digestibility of nutrients, fecal consistency and color, and there was no effect (p>0.05) on fecal pH and BC. Conclusions. Horses can identify the presence of citrus pulp in concentrates but prefer concentrates without added citrus pulp. Citrus pulp does not negatively affect the digestibility of concentrates or the physicochemical characteristics of the feces; thus, citrus pulp is a viable alternative ingredient in the formulation of horse diets.RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar la inclusión de pulpa de cítricos en la dieta de los caballos a través de la evaluación de la de palatabilidad, digestibilidad y características fisicoquímicas de las heces. Materiales y métodos. El valor energético de las dietas fue aportado en el 60% por la energía del forraje y en el 40% a partir del concentrado con niveles crecientes de pulpa de cítricos. En la primera prueba se evaluó la palatabilidad de los concentrados. Se utilizó un diseño experimental aleatório. Se observaron 15 caballos durante 10 días. Las variables registradas fueron la primera acción, la primera opción y la relación de la ingesta (IR). Cinco caballos fueron dispuestos en un diseño cuadrado latino 5x5 para la evaluación de la digestibilidad y las características fisicoquímicas fecales. La digestibilidad de los nutrientes y el color, la consistencia, el pH, y se evaluó la capacidad de tamponamiento (CT) de las heces. Resultados. El nível de inclusión de pulpa de cítricos tuvo un efecto (p<0.001) en la primera acción. Una diferencia también se observó en primera elección. Una diferencia (p<0.001) entre los tratamientos también se observó para IR. El nível de inclusión de pulpa de cítricos no efectó (p>0.05) la digestibilidad, consistencia fecal y el color de las heces, pH fecal y CT de las heces. Conclusiones. Los caballos pueden identificar la presencia de pulpa de cítricos en los concentrados, pero prefieren concentrados sin pulpa de cítricos. La pulpa de cítricos no afecta la digestibilidad de los nutrimentos en el concentrado, ni las características fisicoquímicas de las heces; la pulpa de cítricos es un ingrediente alternativo viable en la formulación de dietas para caballos.

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF FECES FROM HORSES FED DIETS CONTAINING CITRUS PULP

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-533
Author(s):  
Roberta Ariboni Brandi ◽  
Adriana Moraes de Oliveira Tribucci ◽  
Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro ◽  
Ricardo Luiz Moro de Souza ◽  
Alfredo Manuel Franco Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of horses feces. Five mares, at an average age of 3.5 years old and body weight of 492 ± 44.5 kg were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin Square. The experimental diet consisted of 60% coast-cross hay and 40 % of concentrate with increasing levels of citrus pulp (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 %). To determine the fecal pH, samples were collected directly from the floor, immediately after defecation, in the first feces of the day at 07:00 a.m., and color and fecal consistency were evaluated. For microbiological analysis, an aliquot was reserved in plastic bags, frozen, and sent to the microbiological laboratory for further analysis. Lactic acid bacteria were counted for Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. from fecal samples under anaerobic conditions. The diet produced differences (P<0.05) in feces consistency: 98% of the animals had normal and firm stools, while 2% were loose ruminant-type feces. We observed no difference (P<0.05) for color, verifying 100% of the animals of greenish feces, normal for equines. There was no effect (P>0.05) on pH and on the number of Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. The inclusion of up to 28% citrus pulp concentrates for horses did not promote change in the physicochemical characteristics and on the population of lactic acid-producing bacteria in feces.

scholarly journals Effect of energy sources on the apparent total tract digestibility and excretion of nutrients by bovine cattle

2014 ◽  
pp. 4072-4085
Author(s):  
Laura Romero S ◽  
Paulo HM Rodrigues ◽  
Carolina T Marino ◽  
Lerner A Pinedo ◽  
Maurício F Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

ABSTRACTObjective. To evaluate the effect of three energy sources on the intake, total apparent digestibility and excretion of nutrients in cattle diet. Materials and methods. Six ruminally cannulated cows (730 ± 70 kg) were distributed into three treatments in a replicated 3x3 Latin square experimental design, where: (I) Control: Low ether extract diet (3.50% EE); (II) Soybean: High ether extract diet (5.30% EE) with inclusion of 15% soybean and (III) Citrus pulp: Low ether extract diet (3.00% EE) and high pectin involvement with inclusion of 15% citrus pulp. To determine the digestibility of DM and its fractions, chromic oxide was used as a marker. Nutrient excretion was calculated from the digestibility coefficient of each fraction. Results. The soybean treatment reduced (p<0.05) dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract and organic matter intake and increased ether extract intake. There was no effect (p>0.05) of the energy source on the digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, NDF, EE, NFE or OM. The TDN value was higher for the soybean treatment. The excretion of DM, NFE and OM was lower (p<0.05) for the soybean treatment. All energy sources influenced the excretion of crude protein. Conclusions. The energy sources used did not affect the digestibility of the diets and are indicated as high potential sources to be used in cattle.

scholarly journals PSVII-12 Acceptability of Milne blueberry juice and blueberry puree in horse feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
Michael Y Halpin ◽  
Teresa Douthit ◽  
Caitlin E Evans ◽  
Michaela B Braun ◽  
Charles R Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Blueberry Juice ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Kansas State University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intake Ratio

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of liquid blueberry juice (BJ65) or blueberry puree (BP30) used as a binding agent on pellet durability and palatability of a typical equine concentrate when included at 4% of the pellet. Molasses was used as a control. Production data, pellet durability and moisture content were evaluated in 1 replicate for each treatment. Because moisture content of condition mashes were 17.59% and 18.11% for BJ65 and BP30 treatments, respectively, greater inclusion of blueberry product would likely cause roller slippage and complicate the pelleting process due to increased liquid (Fahrenholz, 2012). Pellet durability met industry standards for all treatments. Pellets were fed in a 3 x 3 Latin square design to 9 two-year-old horses to determine the effect of blueberry products on acceptability. All animals were allowed 10 minutes to consume 1.36 kg at 0700 h and 1700 h each day for 3 d. Consumption time and amount consumed were recorded to calculate intake, intake rate, and intake ratio (IR). No horse consumed all pellets within the allotted time, and thus, there were no differences between intake rate and intake. Period tended to impact intake (P = 0.0909), with horses consuming less during period 1 than period 3 (P = 0.0317), but period had no effect (P = 0.2881) on IR. Treatment influenced intake (P &lt; 0.0001), with decreased intake of BP30 compared to control and BJ65 (P ≤ 0.0001). Intake ratio was greater (P = 0.0075) for BJ65 than BP30 with IR of 0.5069 and 0.4227, respectively. Consumption of BJ65 was no different than control. Fahrenholz, A. 2012. Evaluating factors affecting pellet durability and energy consumption in a pilot feed mill and comparing methods for evaluating pellet durability. Doctoral thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.

In vivo apparent digestibility in ponies given rolled, micronised or extruded barley

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 133-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
J J Hyslop ◽  
A C Longland ◽  
D Cuddeford ◽  
T Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Processed cereals are used routinely in diets for equines but little information is available on how physical processing affects the digestibility of cereals in equines. This study examines the effects of three physical processing methods (rolling, micronisation and extrusion) on the in vivo apparent digestibility of barley fed to ponies.Three mature caecally-fistulated Welsh-cross pony geldings, (LW 284kg ± 3.8kg) were used in a 3 x 4 incomplete latin square changeover design experiment consisting of four 21 day periods. Each period comprised a sixteen day adaptation phase and a five day recording phase when apparent digestibility in vivo was determined. Ponies were offered 4kg dry matter (DM) per day of either 100% hay cubes (HC) or one of three diets consisting of a 50:50 barley:hay cubes mix. The barley in the mixed diets was either rolled barley (RB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB). Diets were offered in 2 equal meals per day fed at 09:00 and 17:00 hours respectively.

Jam processing: Effect of pectin replacement by locust bean gum on its characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aida Mekhoukhe ◽  
Nacer Mohellebi ◽  
Tayeb Mohellebi ◽  
Leila Deflaoui-Abdelfettah ◽  
Sonia Medouni-Adrar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Locust Bean Gum ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
Preference Map ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: the present work proposed to extract Locust Bean Gum (LBG) from Algerian carob fruits, evaluate physicochemical and rheological properties (solubility). It aimed also to develop different formulations of strawberry jams with a mixture of LBG and pectin in order to obtain a product with a high sensory acceptance. METHODS: the physicochemical characteristics of LBG were assessed. The impact of temperature on solubility was also studied. The physical and the sensory profile and acceptance of five Jams were evaluated. RESULTS: composition results revealed that LBG presented a high level of carbohydrate but low concentrations of fat and ash. The LBG was partially cold-water-soluble (∼62% at 25°C) and needed heating to reach a higher solubility value (∼89% at 80 °C). Overall, the sensorial acceptances decreased in jams J3 which was formulated with 100% pectin and commercial one (J5). The external preference map explained that most consumers were located to the right side of the map providing evidence that most samples appreciated were J4 and J2 (rate of 80–100%). CONCLUSION: In this investigation, the LBG was used successfully in the strawberry jam’s formulation.

scholarly journals Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Dolors Vaqué ◽  
Julia A. Boras ◽  
Jesús Maria Arrieta ◽  
Susana Agustí ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Microbial Food Web ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Viral Activity ◽  
The Impact

The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infection. Furthermore, in polar regions, organic and inorganic nutrient inputs from melting ice may increase microbial activity in the SML. Since the role of viruses in the microbial food web of the SML is poorly understood in polar oceans, we aimed to study the impact of viruses on prokaryotic communities in the SML and in the SSW in Arctic and Antarctic waters. We hypothesized that a higher viral activity in the SML than in the SSW in both polar systems would be observed. We measured viral and prokaryote abundances, virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes, heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, and environmental factors. In both polar zones, we found small differences in environmental factors between the SML and the SSW. In contrast, despite the adverse effect of wind, viral and prokaryote abundances and virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes were higher in the SML than in the SSW. As a consequence, the higher carbon flux released by lysed cells in the SML than in the SSW would increase the pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and be rapidly used by other prokaryotes to grow (the viral shunt). Thus, our results suggest that viral activity greatly contributes to the functioning of the microbial food web in the SML, which could influence the biogeochemical cycles of the water column.

Probiotic Greek yogurt: effect of the addition of prebiotic fat substitutes on the physicochemical characteristics, probiotic survival, and sensory acceptance

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Sofia Sestito Dias ◽  
Damarys de Souza Vergílio ◽  
Arthur Marroni Pereira ◽  
Suellen Jensen Klososki ◽  
Vanessa Aparecida Marcolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Fat Substitutes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this research communication we evaluate the impact of the addition of prebiotic components (inulin, polydextrose, and modified starch, 40 g/l) as fat substitutes on the physicochemical characteristics, probiotic survival, and sensory acceptance of probiotic (Lacticaseibacillus casei 01, 108 CFU/ml) Greek yogurts during storage (7 °C, 28 d). All formulations had probiotic counts higher than 107 CFU/ml during storage and simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGIC). The prebiotic components increased the probiotic survival to the enteric phase of the SGIC, with inulin producing the most pronounced effect. Inulin addition resulted in products with lower pH values and consistency and higher titratable acidity during storage, with negative impact on the sensory acceptance (flavor, texture, and overall impression) at the end of the storage period. Modified starch addition impacted negatively on the acceptance of the products (appearance, flavor, texture, and overall impression). Polydextrose addition resulted in products with lower consistency, but similar sensory acceptance to the full-fat yogurt. It can be concluded that it is possible to prepare potentially synbiotic Greek yogurts by desorption technique using L. casei as probiotic culture and inulin, polydextrose or modified starch as prebiotic components, with the utilization of polydextrose being advisable.

scholarly journals Graded Dietary Resistant Starch Concentrations on Apparent Total Tract Macronutrient Digestibility and Fecal Fermentative End-Products and Microbial Populations of Healthy Adult Dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison N Beloshapka ◽  
Tzu-Wen L Cross ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
High Level

Abstract Resistant starch (RS) is fermentable by gut microbiota and effectively modulates fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in pigs, mice, and humans. RS may have similar beneficial effects on the canine gut, but has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% dietary RS (Hi-maize 260) on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, and fecal characteristics, fermentative end-product concentrations, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs. An incomplete 5 x 5 Latin square design with 7 dogs and 5 experimental periods was used, with each treatment period lasting 21 d (d 0-17 adaptation; d 18-21 fresh and total fecal collection) and each dog serving as its own control. Seven dogs (mean age = 5.3 yr; mean BW = 20 kg) were randomly allotted to one of five treatments formulated to be iso-energetic and consisting of graded amounts of 100% amylopectin cornstarch, RS, and cellulose, and fed as a top dressing on the food each day. All dogs were fed the same amount of a basal diet throughout the study and fresh water was offered ad libitum. The basal diet contained 6.25% RS (DM basis), contributing approximately 18.3 g of RS/d based on their daily food intake (292.5 g DM/d). Data were evaluated for linear and quadratic effects using SAS. The treatments included 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of an additional RS source. Because Hi-maize 260 is approximately 40% digestible and 60% indigestible starch, the dogs received the following amounts of RS daily: 0% = 18.3 g (18.3 g + 0 g); 1% = 20.1 g (18.3 g + 1.8 g); 2% = 21.9 g (18.3 g + 3.6 g); 3% = 23.7 g (18.3 g + 5.4 g); and 4% = 25.5 g (18.3 g + 7.2 g). Apparent total tract dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, fat, and gross energy digestibilities and fecal pH were linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) with increased RS consumption. Fecal output was linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) with increased RS consumption. Fecal scores and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations were not affected by RS consumption. Although most fecal microbial taxa were not altered, Faecalibacterium were increased (P &lt; 0.05) with increased RS consumption. The decrease in fecal pH and increase in fecal Faecalibacterium would be viewed as being beneficial to gastrointestinal health. Although our results seem to indicate that RS is poorly and/or slowly fermentable in dogs, the lack of observed change may have been due to the rather high level of RS contained in the basal diet.

scholarly journals What Do Veterans Want? Understanding Veterans’ Preferences for PTSD Treatment Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 686-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A Morland ◽  
Stephanie Y Wells ◽  
Lisa H Glassman ◽  
Kathleen M Grubbs ◽  
Margaret-Anne Mackintosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Veterans ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Treatment Delivery ◽  
Ptsd Treatment ◽  
Choice Preference ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Home Based ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Home Based Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Home-based delivery of psychotherapy may offer a viable alternative to traditional office-based treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by overcoming several barriers to care. Little is known about patient perceptions of home-based mental health treatment modalities. This study assessed veterans’ preferences for treatment delivery modalities and how demographic variables and trauma type impact these preferences. Materials and Methods Veterans with PTSD (N = 180) participating in a randomized clinical trial completed a clinician-administered PTSD assessment and were asked to identify their modality preference for receiving prolonged exposure: home-based telehealth (HBT), office-based telehealth (OBT), or in-home-in-person (IHIP). Ultimately, modality assignment was randomized, and veterans were not guaranteed their preferred modality. Descriptive statistics were used to examine first choice preference. Chi-square tests determined whether there were significant differences among first choice preferences; additional tests examined if age, sex, and military sexual trauma (MST) history were associated with preferences. Results The study includes 135 male veterans and 45 female veterans from all military branches; respondents were 46.30 years old, on average. Veterans were Caucasian (46%), African-American (28%), Asian-American (9%), American Indian or Alaskan Native (3%), Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (3%), and 11% identified as another race. Veterans experienced numerous trauma types (e.g., combat, sexual assault), and 29% had experienced MST. Overall, there was no clear preference for one modality: 42% of veterans preferred HBT, 32% preferred IHIP, and 26% preferred OBT. One-sample binomial tests assuming equal proportions were conducted to compare each pair of treatment options. HBT was significantly preferred over OBT (p = 0.01); there were no significant differences between the other pairs. A multinomial regression found that age group significantly predicted veterans’ preferences for HBT compared to OBT (odds ratio [OR] = 10.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63, 61.76). Older veterans were significantly more likely to request HBT compared to OBT. Veteran characteristics did not differentiate those who preferred IHIP to OBT. Because there were fewer women (n = 45), additional multinomial regressions were conducted on each sex separately. There was no age group effect among the male veterans. However, compared to female Veterans in the younger age group, older female Veterans were significantly more likely to request HBT over OBT (OR = 10.66, 95% CI: 1.68, 67.58, p = 0.012). MST history did not predict treatment preferences in any analysis. Conclusions Fewer than 50% of the sample preferred one method, and each modality was preferred by at least a quarter of all participants, suggesting that one treatment modality does not fit all. Both home-based care options were desirable, highlighting the value of offering a range of options. The use of home-based care can expand access to care, particularly for rural veterans. The current study includes a diverse group of veterans and increases our understanding of how they would like to receive PTSD treatment. The study used a forced choice preference measure and did not examine the strength of preference, which limits conclusions. Future studies should examine the impact of modality preferences on treatment outcomes and engagement.

Results of Embolization Used as the First Treatment Choice in a Consecutive Nonselected Population of Ruptured Aneurysms: Clinical Results of the Clarity GDC Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christophe Cognard ◽  
Laurent Pierot ◽  
René Anxionnat ◽  
Frédéric Ricolfi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Results ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Ruptured Aneurysms ◽  
First Choice ◽  
International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial ◽  
Treatment Morbidity ◽  
Intraoperative Rupture ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: The International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) showed that for ruptured aneurysms suitable for both techniques, coiling should be the first-choice treatment. Only a small proportion of patients (22%) with ruptured aneurysms were included in that trial. Operators were selected on their experience. One could then criticize the impact of the ISAT on clinical practice as a result of recruitment biases and operators' selection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morbidity and mortality of coiling when used as first-choice treatment in a consecutive population of patients with ruptured aneurysms treated by nonselected operators. METHODS: Thirty-four operators from 19 French centers treated 405 patients with GDC coils from November 2006 to July 2007. The method of treatment was not prespecified. RESULTS: World Federation of Neurological Societies grade at admission was I/II in 65.7% and IV/V in 30.6% of patients. At the 3- to 6-month follow-up, 23.3% of patients were dependent or dead. Thromboembolic events and intraoperative rupture resulted in permanent deficit in 13 (3.2%) and 2 (0.5%), respectively, and death in 4 (1.0%) and 0. Early rebleeding occurred in 2 patients (0.5%) with 2 subsequent deaths. Permanent treatment morbidity and mortality were 3.7 % and 1.5 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: Clinical results of the multicenter prospective Clarity registry show that when coiling is performed as first-intention treatment in a consecutive series of nonselected ruptured aneurysms by nonselected operators, clinical results are similar to those of the ISAT.

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