The Self-Portrait in Adulthood and Aging

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Morin ◽  
Yamina Bensalah
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Real ◽  
Face Features ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective ◽  
The Face ◽  
Related Defect

Ninety-eight participants aged thirty to eighty-five, drew a self-portrait in which the depiction of face features and limb extremities was studied. Statistical multivariate analysis permitted to describe three classes of drawings with different modes of representation of hands and face features. The representation of the hands was problematic in most of the participants regardless of age. There was a relation between age and not representing the face features: 17 percent of the participants over sixty-five did not represent the face features vs. none of the younger participants. Results are discussed from a psychoanalytic perspective. The difficulties in representing the hands are discussed in relation to castration. The absence of face features in the portraits of some elderly drawers could indicate a minimal age-related defect of the network which establishes that the real mouth and eyes are both symbolic body orifices and imaginary face features. The comments made by some drawers strongly suggest that this absence may also represent an incapacity to face the losses imposed by aging.

Jumping to awareness of conflict between self-representations and its relation to psychological wellbeing

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annerieke Oosterwegel ◽  
Louis Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
The Real ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Real Self ◽  
Sudden Jump ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Self System

The self-system of children between the ages of 8 and 18 years was assessed to examine whether (a) their awareness of conflicts between self-descriptors within one self-concept was age-related, (b) such conflicts were related to psychological wellbeing, and (c) an effect of age on awareness interacted with the relation between conflict and wellbeing. It was expected that adolescents would be more aware of conflicts than children and, due to their better integrative skills, would experience more psychological discomfort from such conflicts. The results indicate a sudden jump in awareness of potential conflicts within self-concepts between age 12 and 14, and that conflicts relate to wellbeing at any age. The latter relationship, however, is different for children and adolescents, and appears positive for conflicts within the real self-concept but negative for conflicts within self-guides.

Inefficient Encoding as an Explanation for Age-Related Deficits in Recollection-Based Processing

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Friedman ◽  
Ray Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Face ◽  
Episodic Memories

A cardinal feature of aging is a decline in episodic memory (EM). Nevertheless, there is evidence that some older adults may be able to “compensate” for failures in recollection-based processing by recruiting brain regions and cognitive processes not normally recruited by the young. We review the evidence suggesting that age-related declines in EM performance and recollection-related brain activity (left-parietal EM effect; LPEM) are due to altered processing at encoding. We describe results from our laboratory on differences in encoding- and retrieval-related activity between young and older adults. We then show that, relative to the young, in older adults brain activity at encoding is reduced over a brain region believed to be crucial for successful semantic elaboration in a 400–1,400-ms interval (left inferior prefrontal cortex, LIPFC; Johnson, Nessler, & Friedman, 2013 ; Nessler, Friedman, Johnson, & Bersick, 2007 ; Nessler, Johnson, Bersick, & Friedman, 2006 ). This reduced brain activity is associated with diminished subsequent recognition-memory performance and the LPEM at retrieval. We provide evidence for this premise by demonstrating that disrupting encoding-related processes during this 400–1,400-ms interval in young adults affords causal support for the hypothesis that the reduction over LIPFC during encoding produces the hallmarks of an age-related EM deficit: normal semantic retrieval at encoding, reduced subsequent episodic recognition accuracy, free recall, and the LPEM. Finally, we show that the reduced LPEM in young adults is associated with “additional” brain activity over similar brain areas as those activated when older adults show deficient retrieval. Hence, rather than supporting the compensation hypothesis, these data are more consistent with the scaffolding hypothesis, in which the recruitment of additional cognitive processes is an adaptive response across the life span in the face of momentary increases in task demand due to poorly-encoded episodic memories.

Power of Darkness: Narrative and Biographical Reflexivity in A Series of Unfortunate Events

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH BULLEN
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Project Risk ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Earning ◽  
Textual Culture ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
Central Claim

This paper investigates the high-earning children's series, A Series of Unfortunate Events, in relation to the skills young people require to survive and thrive in what Ulrich Beck calls risk society. Children's textual culture has been traditionally informed by assumptions about childhood happiness and the need to reassure young readers that the world is safe. The genre is consequently vexed by adult anxiety about children's exposure to certain kinds of knowledge. This paper discusses the implications of the representation of adversity in the Lemony Snicket series via its subversions of the conventions of children's fiction and metafictional strategies. Its central claim is that the self-consciousness or self-reflexivity of A Series of Unfortunate Events} models one of the forms of reflexivity children need to be resilient in the face of adversity and to empower them to undertake the biographical project risk society requires of them.

Who Was the ‘Heroine’ of Freud's First Case History? Problems and Issues in the Identification of Freud's patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Skues
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
The Real ◽  
Hypnotic Suggestion ◽  
Social Circle ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Investigation

In 1892–3 Freud published his first substantial case history, which concerned a patient treated by means of hypnotic suggestion. For some years this has been one of the few remaining of Freud's dedicated cases histories where the patient has not been identified. More recently, however, two publications independently arrived at the conclusion that the patient was none other than Freud's wife, Martha. This paper sets out the reasons why this identification should always have been treated with suspicion, even if the real identity was not known. Nevertheless, the paper goes on to offer a more plausible identification from among Freud's known social circle. The second part of the paper questions the circumstances under which the original misidentification could plausibly have been sustained in the face of such glaring evidence to the contrary. It concludes that, among other reasons, recent tendencies in controversies about Freud's trustworthiness have the hazard of leading to unreliable assumptions about Freud's honesty being taken as a basis for sound historical investigation.

“Christ’s mighty shrine above His martyr’s tomb”: Byron and Liszt’s Journey to Rome

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Paul W. Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Literary Works ◽  
The Real ◽  
English Poet ◽  
Byronic Hero ◽  
Public Enemy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Narrative Poem ◽  
Positive Force

The influence of Byron on Liszt was enormous, as is generally acknowledged. In particular the First Book of the Années de pèlerinage shows the poet’s influence in its choice of Byron epigraphs in English for four of the set of nine pieces. In his years of travel as a virtuoso pianist Liszt often referred to “mon byronisme.” The work by Byron that most affected Liszt is the long narrative poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage which was translated into many languages, including French. The word “pèlerinage” that replaced “voyageur” is a Byronic identity in Liszt’s thinking. The Byronic hero as Liszt saw him and imitated him in for example Mazeppa and Tasso is a figure who represented a positive force, suffering and perhaps a revolutionary, but definitely not a public enemy. Liszt’s life, viewed as a musical pilgrimage, led of course to Rome. Is it possible that Byron even influenced him in this direction? In this paper I try to give a portrait of the real Byron that hides behind the poseur of his literary works, and suggest that what drew Liszt to the English poet was precisely the man whom he sensed behind the artistic mask. Byron was not musical, but he was religious — as emerges from his life and his letters, a life which caused scandal to his English contemporaries. But today we can see that part of the youthful genius of the rebel Byron was his boldness in the face of hypocrisy and compromise — his heroism was simply to be true. In this we can see a parallel with the Liszt who left the piano and composed Christus. What look like incompatibilities are simply the connection between action and contemplation — between the journey and the goal. Byron, in fact, can help us follow the ligne intérieure which Liszt talked about in the 1830s.

The Relationship between Seeker and Spiritual Guide as portrayed in contemporary Western Sufi Autobiographies

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-332
Author(s):  
Kate Zebiri
Keyword(s):  
Life Writing ◽  
New Age ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

This article aims to explore the Shaykh-mur?d (disciple) or teacher-pupil relationship as portrayed in Western Sufi life writing in recent decades, observing elements of continuity and discontinuity with classical Sufism. Additionally, it traces the influence on the texts of certain developments in religiosity in contemporary Western societies, especially New Age understandings of religious authority. Studying these works will provide an insight into the diversity of expressions of contemporary Sufism, while shedding light on a phenomenon which seems to fly in the face of contemporary social and religious trends which deemphasize external authority and promote the authority of the self or individual autonomy.

Comparison of the self-expanding Evolut-PRO transcatheter aortic valve to its predecessor Evolut-R in the real world multicenter ATLAS registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kalogeras ◽  
Neil Ruparelia ◽  
Tito Kabir ◽  
Richard Jabbour ◽  
Toru Naganuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Real ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve

scholarly journals The construction of leadership practice: Making sense of leader competencies

Leadership ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 174271502199649
Author(s):  
Dag Jansson ◽  
Erik Døving ◽  
Beate Elstad
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Choral Conductors ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Sensemaking Process ◽  
The Face ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Selection Of

The notion of leadership competencies is a much-debated issue. In this article, we propose that how the leader makes sense of his or her competencies is key to leadership practice. Specifically, we look at how leaders reconcile discrepancies between the self-perceived proficiency of various competencies and their corresponding importance. Empirically, we study leaders within the music domain – how choral conductors make sense of their competencies in the shaping of their professional practice. We investigated how choral leaders in Scandinavia ( N = 638) made sense of their competencies in the face of demands in their working situations. A mixed methodology was used, comprising a quantitative survey with qualitative comments and in-depth interviews with a selection of the respondents. The results show that when choral leaders shape their practice, they frequently face competency gaps that compel them to act or adjust their identity. The key to this sensemaking process is how they move competency elements they master to the foreground and wanting elements to the background. The concept of ‘sensemaking affordance’ is introduced to account for how various leader competency categories are negotiated to safeguard overall efficacy.

Multivariate Analysis in Genetic Studies

1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Susanne
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biometrical Analysis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Generalized Distances ◽  
Sib Pairs

SummaryThe results are presented of a method of generalized distances calculated by a noncentral χ2 test and applied to compare 63 twin pairs and 196 sib pairs. The advantage of this method in biometrical analysis lies in the fact that several measurements can be utilised simultaneously. Besides, it takes into account the distance of each relative to the centre of the population and also has the advantage of permitting the comparison of distances between pairs of relatives whatever their age or sex.Generalized distances were calculated for four measurements of the head, five of the body and eleven of the face. For all three sets of measurements the influence of genetical factors was demonstrated. The body seems less influenced by environmental factors and more conditioned by genetic ones.

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