The Meaning of Work for Older Adults Seeking Employment: The Generativity Factor

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michál E. Mor-Barak
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Personal Factor ◽  
Job Seekers

This study is a theory-based examination of the meaning of work for older adults in a sample of 146 older job-seekers. It proposes four factors to the meaning of work: Financial, Personal, Social, and the Generativity factor. The Generativity factor, unique to older adults, refers to viewing work as a way to teach, train and share skills with younger generations. A factor analysis of a 16-item Meaning of Work Scale (MWS) supports the proposed four factors. The results indicate ethnic and employment differences with respect to the meaning of work, but no gender differences. Significant differences were detected between older adult job-seekers who obtained a job within a year of job search and those who did not, with respect to the personal factor of the MWS and with respect to ethnicity. The findings indicate that jobs providing opportunities for transfer of knowledge and experience to younger generations may be of particular value for older adults.

scholarly journals Force and Accuracy Throws by Older Adult Performers

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Williams ◽  
Kathleen Haywood ◽  
Ann VanSant
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Developmental Level ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Movement Component ◽  
Task Differences ◽  
Tennis Balls

Older adults threw tennis balls for force and accuracy to examine their adaptability to different task demands. Twenty-one (13 women, 8 men) participants were videotaped as they performed five force and five accuracy throws. The developmental level of each throw was determined; resultant ball velocities also were examined. Roberton’s (1977, 1978) movement components were used in the former analysis. The typical pattern of gender differences occurred for both movement component and velocity measures. Men performed at higher levels than women. Only minor force versus accuracy differences were found in the movement patterns used by either men or women; none of these differences were significant. Clear task differences occurred for ball velocities. Men’s forceful throws were faster than those for accuracy; women’s throws did not differ for the two tasks. The generally lower developmental level of women’s throws accounted for gender differences in velocity. Insufficient task differences may explain the lack of clear contrast in movement patterns.

scholarly journals Gender Differences are Noted in Factors Associated with Insomnia in Older Adult Outpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Peng ◽  
Ying-Hsin Hsu ◽  
Ming-Yueh Chou ◽  
Che-sheng Chu ◽  
Chen-San Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Background: Insomnia is a common sleep disturbance in older adults and is associated with many poor health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of insomnia in older adult outpatients and to analyze differences between genders in factors associated with insomnia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital in Southern Taiwan from July to September 2018. A total of 400 consecutive subjects aged 60 years or older were recruited. Insomnia was defined as a score of > 6 points on the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Socio-demographics, health behaviors and clinical data were collected by face-to-face interview. Multivariable logistic regression was adopted for statistical analysis of the entire sample and stratified by gender.Results: Participants’ mean age was 74.74 ± 8.54 years, and the majority (93%) had more than one chronic disease. The prevalence of insomnia accounted for 30% (120/400) of all subjects, with males 22.9% (46/201) and females 37.2% (74/199). Gender, appetite, exercise, depressive symptoms, and sleep-related conditions such as short sleep duration, sleeping pills usage, medium-high risk of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) and restless leg syndrome(RLS) were factors associated with insomnia in older adults. Exercise, sleeping pills usage, and RLS had an independent association with insomnia only in men, while appetite was associated with insomnia in women only.Conclusions: Insomnia is highly prevalent among older adults, predominantly females. Significant differences are found between genders in factors associated with insomnia. Understanding gender differences may help clinicians to modify associated factors when managing older adults with insomnia.

Different dimensions of ageist attitudes among men and women: a multigenerational perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Bodner ◽  
Yoav S. Bergman ◽  
Sara Cohen-Fridel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACTBackground: Ageism, a form of prejudice in which one relates negatively to people due to their age, exists throughout life. However, no attempt has been made to compare ageist attitudes across the life cycle, from young adulthood to old age. Consequently, the current study examined age and gender differences in ageism throughout adulthood.Methods: 955 Israeli participants (age range: 18–98 years) were divided into three age-groups: young (18–39), middle-aged (40–67), and old (68–98), and were administered the Fraboni Scale of Ageism. Age and gender differences were examined both for the three groups and for subgroups within the older adult cohort.Results: Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that middle-aged participants were significantly more ageist than younger and older groups. Across all age groups, men exhibited more avoidance and stereotypical attitudes toward older adults than women. Among the old age group, participants aged 81–98 held more ageist stereotypes and reported more avoidance of older adults than those aged 68–73. Within the older adult cohort, gender was a significant predictor for ageist attitudes among those aged 68–73 and 81–98, but not for people aged 74–80.Conclusions: Ageism demonstrates a changing pattern across the life span. While gender differences remain stable, ageist attitudes toward growing old as we age ourselves are constantly changing. In order to gain a better understanding of ageism as a general and global phenomenon, we need to consider the role of such attitudes in different stages of life.

scholarly journals Psychometrics of Persian Version of the Ageism Survey Among an Iranian Older Adult Population During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Sharif Nia ◽  
Long She ◽  
Ratneswary Rasiah ◽  
Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani ◽  
Omolhoda Kaveh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Older Adult Population

Background: Studies have revealed an increase in discrimination, neglect, and abuse among the older adult population during this period. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the ageism survey instrument tested on a sample of the Iranian older adult population during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. An important move in counteracting ageism is to classify the ageism scale comprehensively by employing adequate psychometrics.Methods: The Persian version of the ageism scale was developed using a two-step procedure. The first step involved translating and revising the original scale to develop a Persian version of the ageism scale. The second step involved assessing the psychometric features of the newly adapted scale using construct validity through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and thereafter assessing the reliability through the average inter-item correlation (AIC), Cronbach's alpha. The sample consisted of 400 older adults (age 65 and older), who were recruited through online data collection, with samples for EFA and CFA randomly selected from the total samples.Results: The Persian version of the ageism survey has three factors: age-related deprivation with five items, dignity with three items, and employment with three items; all of which explained 57.02% of the total variance. The outcome of the EFA was verified by the CFA, with internal consistency reliability being excellent (Cronbach's alpha was 0.725, 0.698, and 0.708 for the three factors).Conclusion: This study specifically offers a restructured three factors Persian version of the ageism survey for Iranian older adults with acceptable construct validity and reliability.

scholarly journals Measuring Older Adult Confidence in the Courts and Law Enforcement

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Hamm ◽  
Lindsey E. Wylie ◽  
Eve Brank
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Dispositional Trust

Older adults are an increasingly relevant subpopulation for criminal justice policy but, as yet, are largely neglected in the relevant research. The current research addresses this by reporting on a psychometric evaluation of a measure of older adults’ Confidence in Legal Institutions (CLI). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided support for the unidimensionality and reliability of the measures. In addition, participants’ CLI was related to cynicism, trust in government, dispositional trust, age, and education, but not income or gender. The results provide support for the measures of confidence in the courts and law enforcement, so we present the scale as a viable tool for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding older adults’ confidence in these institutions. We conclude by discussing the implications of our work on efforts to improve interactions between older adults and legal institutions, and we highlight avenues for further research.

An Investigation of Gf-Gc Theory in the Older Adult Population: Joint Factor Analysis of the Woodcock-Johnson–Revised and the Detroit Test of Learning Aptitude–Adult

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1161-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Buckhalt ◽  
Ron L. McGhee ◽  
David J. Ehrler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Joint Factor ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Joint Factor Analysis ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
Woodcock Johnson

Researchers and clinicians are increasingly interested in the structure of intelligence among older adults. A joint factor analysis was conducted for 27 subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery–Revised and the Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude–Adult for a sample of 50 persons ranging in age from 55 to 84 years ( M = 65.16 yr.). The results provide evidence for the latent factors specified by Gf-Gc theory in older adults, indicate which Gf-Gc factors are measured by subtests of the two batteries, and illustrate the necessity of cross-battery assessment to identify the full complement of Gf-Gc factors.

Evaluating a job search strategy model of fit perceptions: a construct validation amongst unemployed job seekers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Affum-Osei ◽  
Henry Kofi Mensah ◽  
Eric Adom Asante ◽  
Solomon Kwarteng Forkuoh
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Three Factor

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the (1) psychometric properties of Crossley and Highhouse's job search strategy scale and (2) the predictive utility of the scale on fit perceptions.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from unemployed job seekers in Ghana (nT1 = 720; nT2 = 418). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the data.FindingsExploratory factor analysis on the first random sub-sample (n = 362) supported a three-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis on the second random sub-sample (n = 358) confirmed the three-factor structure and was invariant across job search contexts and genders. Moreover, structural path results showed that the use of focussed and exploratory job search strategies facilitated positive fit perceptions and the use of haphazard job search resulted in poor job fit perceptions.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the dimensionality of job search strategies based on different job search context by linking it to fit perceptions. Moreover, the authors provide evidence that the job search strategy scale has a valid psychometric property and a promising instrument to assess job search behaviour across job search contexts and genders in an understudied population.

scholarly journals WHEN GRANDPA SAYS SOMETHING RACIST: THE ROLE OF AGEISM IN YOUNG ADULT RESPONSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S82-S82
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sawyer ◽  
Jessica H Helphrey ◽  
Leah N Smith ◽  
Ben K Mokhtari ◽  
Allie M Sandlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Lower Likelihood

Abstract Previous research has found that older adults endorse higher levels of racist attitudes than younger adults. However, little extant research has explored how young adults may respond to an older adult expressing racist views. One factor that may drive young adults’ responses is ageism, particularly stereotypes that older adults cannot handle disagreement or are incapable of changing their views. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between ageism and young adults’ likely responses to an older adult relative making a racist statement. College students (N = 110; 75.8% female) completed an online survey in which they were given a scenario in which an older adult relative makes a racist statement and rated how likely they would be to respond in different ways. Factor analysis of the likely response items found four facets: confront, agree, avoid, and leave. Bivariate correlations found that ageism was associated with higher likelihood of agreeing or avoiding, and lower likelihood of confronting the older adult relative. There was no association between ageism and likelihood of leaving the situation. Young adults higher in ageism may be more likely to agree or avoid because of ageist stereotypes that older adults cannot handle disagreement or are incapable of change, and they may be more likely to agree with the racist statement because they may have higher levels of intolerance toward both older adults and other ethnic groups. Ageism may play a role in how young adults respond to older adults expressing intolerant views.

Talk or Walk? Gait Speed over Self-Report in Association with Cognitive Speed in Healthy Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Costello ◽  
Shane J. Sizemore ◽  
Kimberly E. O’Brien ◽  
Lydia K. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Report ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Age Range

Abstract. This study explores the relative value of both subjectively reported cognitive speed and gait speed in association with objectively derived cognitive speed. It also explores how these factors are affected by psychological and physical well-being. A group of 90 cognitively healthy older adults ( M = 73.38, SD = 8.06 years, range = 60–89 years) were tested in a three-task cognitive battery to determine objective cognitive speed as well as measures of gait speed, well-being, and subjective cognitive speed. Analyses indicated that gait speed was associated with objective cognitive speed to a greater degree than was subjective report, the latter being more closely related to well-being than to objective cognitive speed. These results were largely invariant across the 30-year age range of our older adult sample.

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