Political Events Influenced Volume and Languages of Scholarly Publications

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Manten
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
German Language ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Political Events ◽  
National Languages

Data from two widely different fields (the study of classical antiquity and the science of palynology) indicate that international political developments had a great influence on the issued numbers of scholarly publications and the distribution of these publications over various languages. When the national languages took over the position formerly occupied by Latin, the German language seemed to rank as the most prominent in international intercommunication. However, the two world wars in particular have undermined this position, and English has taken its place. Some data are presented which indicate this historical pathway.

scholarly journals Problems of the Languages Vitality of the Peoples of Russian Federation in Past and Present

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
E. A. Kondrashkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Official Status

The issues related to the problems of vitality of the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation are discussed in the article. It is noted that the solution to these problems was at a low level during the USSR period, and at present there are no significant changes in its attitude. The analysis of the concept of vitality, its main indicators and factors affecting its level is given. A sociolinguistic review of the languages of the Russian Federation on the official status enshrined in constitutions, laws on languages and other normative documents is presented. Particular attention is paid to the national linguistic policy of the state and those extra-linguistic aspects that have had a great influence on the value orientations of native speakers. Statistical indicators of the decrease in the functional significance of national languages and the growing trend of a language shift in favor of the Russian language are given. It is proved that the official status of the state title languages of the republics has brought little change to the regional language situation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the past 2019 was declared by the UN General Assembly as the International Year of Indigenous Languages, as well as the fact that in the Russian Federation recent years have been conflicting regarding the voluntary and compulsory study in schools by all students of the state title languages of the republics, despite on the nationality and desire of the student himself. The novelty is seen in the fact that the author analyzes the vitality of languages of the largest peoples of the Russian Federation with a population of over 1 million and over 500 thousand in different time periods.

scholarly journals AKUSHA-DARGO IN RUSSIA’S POLICY IN DAGESTAN IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 19th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
B G Aliev ◽  
O A Murtazaev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Mountain Communities ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Active Policy

The article deals with the activity of one of the most well-known, influential and active political structures of Dagestan at the end of the 18th - the first half of the 19th cc. - the federation of Dargin unions of rural communities Akusha-Dargo. It was the period of active policy of Russia in Dagestan, which began after the conclusion of the Küçük Kaynardzha peace treaty with Turkey. Dagestan people generally sympathized with intensification of Russia’s policy. But there were rulers, in particular Shikhali Khan of Derbent and Surkhay Khan II of Gazikumukh, who pursued an anti-Russian policy, involving in this process other rulers and mountain communities and, of course, Akusha-Dargo, as the most influential political structure of Dagestan. Akusha-Dargo was closely associated with Shikhali Khan of Derbent and took an active part in his anti-Russian policy. Therefore, Akusha-Dargo was the focus of attention of the Caucasian command: it was mentioned in dozens of orders, reports, dispatches, letters, and instructions from all the commanders in the Caucasus, who closely followed the behavior of the Dargins, fervently discussing their participation in the anti-Russian policy of various rulers; in the reports and dispatches to Emperor Nicholas I and military ministers. The Caucasian command informed them of the activity of Akusha-Dargo, characterizing it as the most powerful political structure, which has a great influence on feudal rulers and mountain societies, and its role and significance in political events and the situation in Dagestan was emphasized in various documents. The article contains the material that reveals the role and importance of Akusha-Dargo in the political life of Dagestan in the thirties of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Language Policy in Switzerland

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kużelewska
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
National Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
Recent Project ◽  
National Languages

Abstract Switzerland is often referred to as a success story for handling its linguistic and cultural diversity. Traditionally four languages have been spoken in relatively homogeneous territories: German, French, Italian and Rhaeto- Romanic (Romansh). The first three have been national languages since the foundation of the Confederation in 1848; the fourth became a national language in 1938. In effect, The Law on Languages, in effect since 2010, has regulated the use and promotion of languages and enhanced the status of Romansh as one of the official languages since 2010. While Swiss language policy is determined at the federal level, it is in the actual practice a matter for cantonal implementation. Article 70 of the Swiss Federal Constitution, titled “Languages”, enshrines the principle of multilingualism. A recent project to create legislation to implement multilingualism across the cantons, however, has failed. Thus Switzerland remains de jure quadrilingual, but de facto bilingual at best, with only a handful of cantons recognizing more than one official language (Newman, 2006: 2). Cantonal borders are not based on language: the French-German language border runs across cantons during most of its course from north to south, and such is also the case for Italian.

scholarly journals Ferghana in the Period of Amir Timur's Struggle for Power (1360-1370)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3180-3187 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
History Of

The article analyzes the political processes that occurred in the Ferghana Valley during the years of the struggle for the power of Amir Temur. During the analysis, by comparative and critical study of the information available in historical sources, the role and importance of the Ferghana Valley in the political life of Maverannakhr were highlighted. As for the studied period of the history of the Ferghana Valley, sources only contain information on Khojend, the analysis was carried out using the example of this property. Attention is drawn to the fact that the neighborhood with the nomadic state Mogolistan had a great influence on the political reality of the Ferghana Valley. Also, on the basis of a critical review of the historical and political events described in the sources, the author provides new conclusions.

scholarly journals Tragic 1905 on the Pages of “Kubanskie Oblastnye Vedomosti” Newspaper: Battles in China and the Revolution in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Yuliya Blagoder
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

Introduction. The article describes the events of 1905: the final stage of the Russo-Japanese War and the initial stage of the First Russian Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution. Methods and materials. The Author uses “Kubanskie Oblastnye Vedomosti” newspaper publications, which were published in Ekaterinodar, as a historical source. The articles, touching upon the events of the Russo-Japanese War and the revolution in varying degrees, were subjected to analysis. The author uses the dialectical method of scientific knowledge and the principle of historicism. For in-depth studying publications in periodicals, the method of “sampling” was used, with the help of which groups of publications of a single thematic focus were formed. To study the factors that influenced the activities of the editorial board (the choice of publications of certain content, the frequency of publishing information increasing or decreasing the volume of publications), the historical and typological analysis was used. Analysis. The article highlights the role of the Cossacks in these two historical events. It shows the role of this newspaper in shaping the ideas of Kuban region inhabitants, especially the Cossacks, about the events of the Russo-Japanese War and the Revolution. Reporting the battles in Manchuria and revolutionary demonstrations in Russia (strikes, rallies, demonstrations) “Kubanskie Oblastnye Vedomosti” newspaper protected the autocracy and supported the domestic and foreign policy of the Russian government. Results. The analysis of the publications shows that authors of the articles established a close connection between the internal and foreign political events of 1905. Readers were convinced that the reason for the defeat in the war with Japan was the revolutionary movement in Russia. Loyalty to the oath, protecting the imperial power even in the tragic years of wars and revolutions remained the basis of the Cossacks’ spiritual power. The Cossacks demonstrated heroism in the fight against the Japanese and the honghuzi in China. In the same period, the Cossacks took part in suppressing revolutionary uprisings in the Kuban region and Black Sea province. The Russo-Japanese War and the Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution had a great influence on forming both positive and negative image of the Cossacks in the eyes of compatriots.

scholarly journals Politická gramotnosť ako aspekt budovania občianskej spoločnosti v Slovenskej republike

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Čársky ◽  
Evamária Veselská
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Political Literature ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Unlimited Access ◽  
Political Literacy ◽  
Election Results ◽  
First Time

The aim of this paper is to analyze political literature in Slovakia. The article highlights first-timevoters. This age category will be discussed due to the high influence offirst-time voters on election results, especially in the parliamentary elections.On the other hand, the great influence of first-time voters on the part of different political parties is an important reason, since the first-timevoters, young people, in the age of 18, still attend secondary schools withwell-defined curriculum. However, the school system does not sufficiently inform young people about various topics, so that first-time voters cannot distinguish true information from populism. This paper does not claim anoverall analysis of political literature in Slovakia. We used content analysis of text, method of description and method of questionnaire. We used the interpretative method. In the analysis of the questionnaires we confirmed the hypothesis and can be understood as confirmed, as young people who currently have unlimited access to information do not use this possibility to gain knowledge and overview of political events in Slovakia, do not try to find objective or truthful information and therefore they can be considered a group with a low level of political literacy.

Phase separation in sol gel-derived ceramic films of silica-zirconia, alumina-zirconia, and titania-zirconia system

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
J. Tong ◽  
L. Eyring
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Ceramic Films ◽  
Zirconia Toughened Alumina

There is increasing interest in composites containing zirconia because of their high strength, fracture toughness, and its great influence on the chemical durability in glass. For the zirconia-silica system, monolithic glasses, fibers and coatings have been obtained. There is currently a great interest in designing zirconia-toughened alumina including exploration of the processing methods and the toughening mechanism.The possibility of forming nanocrystal composites by a phase separation method has been investigated in three systems: zirconia-alumina, zirconia-silica and zirconia-titania using HREM. The morphological observations initially suggest that the formation of nanocrystal composites by a phase separation method is possible in the zirconia-alumina and zirconia-silica systems, but impossible in the zirconia-titania system. The separation-produced grain size in silica-zirconia system is around 5 nm and is more uniform than that in the alumina-zirconia system in which the sizes of the small polyhedron grains are around 10 nm. In the titania-zirconia system, there is no obvious separation as was observed in die alumina-zirconia and silica-zirconia system.

Exploring the German Language

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Johnson ◽  
Natalie Braber
Keyword(s):  
German Language

Geography in Classical Antiquity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Dueck ◽  
Kai Brodersen
Keyword(s):  
Classical Antiquity
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