Health Indexes Sensitive to Medical Care Variation

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. M. Martini ◽  
G. J. Boris Allan ◽  
Jan Davison ◽  
E. Maurice Backett
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sociodemographic Differences ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
The Impact

Data from the fifteen Hospital Regions of England and Wales were used to determine the utility of health outcome indexes, derived from existing health statistics, for monitoring the quality and effectiveness of health services. Outcome measures reflect not only the impact of the system of care but also the sociodemographic characteristics of the population. An attempt therefore was made to identify those outcome measures most sensitive to variations in medical care and least affected by sociodemographic differences. In general, most indexes examined in this paper appear to be more sensitive to variations in the sociodemographic characteristics of the population. However, those outcome measures related to provision of care in hospital appear to be relatively more sensitive to variation in medical care than those which are community based. This suggests that, at least for monitoring the effectiveness of medical care in the community, it may be necessary to move away from the more “traditional” health indexes toward measures that take into consideration the different patterns of care and the social and behavioral aspects of health.

Readings in Medical Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-752
Author(s):  
CHARLES D. MAY
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Position

This is not a book that lends itself to review, but it should be known to those engaged in teaching diverse aspects of pediatrics. As the title implies, it is a collection of readings in medical care. The material covers a wide range of topics on the social and public health aspects of medicine and the hospital, office and home care of patients. It is a useful source of reference material to acquaint the student with his future position in the community and the impact of economic circumstances on medical care.

Assessment of the Social Impacts of Community Based Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-302
Author(s):  
Robin Boustead ◽  
Sushma Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We set out to assess the social impacts of tourism in a Community Based Tourism (CBT) destination by asking the following questions; (1) from a community and individual perspective, what are the major issues faced in a CBT destination?, and (2) is there any pattern to, or similarity between, quality of life and liveable environment impacts in a CBT destination? The Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park in Nepal is used for the study area and where tourism is clearly an important contributor to the local economy. Despite high levels of resident and visitor satisfaction with tourism, survey results indicate that the major issues faced by communities and individuals in the Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone (SNPBZ) are related to uncontrolled tourism development. This is most evident in a lack of relevant skills and training, increasing time burden to cater for tourists, frustrations felt by residents during peak season, the impact of inbound migration, lack of community control and most importantly, the impact of waste and water pollution. Management of the SNPBZ is based on a multi-stakeholder system that includes local population participation, but it does not seem to be working very well. Our survey indicates that uncontrolled growth of tourism businesses is placing increasing pressures on traditional cultures and the environment, thus creating negative impacts on quality of live and liveable environment for residents. Without an effective management system that enhances the ability of communities and Park management to control the impact of tourism, the situation is very likely to worsen in the future.

Remembering as Social Practice

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Middleton ◽  
Helen L. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Story Work ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
Subjective Representation ◽  
The Way

This work represents the development of two lines of interest, one in the study of social practices of remembering and the other concerning issues of identity in the care of people with profound learning difficulties. We examine of the way life story work is used as a resource in providing for continuities in the experience of people with profound learning difficulties when moved from hospital to community based care. Our concern is the way carers attend to issues of identity in their relationships with people who are unable to speak on their own behalf. We discuss how identities are accomplished as part of the social practice of remembering in the construction of life story books designed to resource continuities of identities across changes in the provision of care. Identities are not examined in terms of some subjective representation of coherence across time and space. We examine the way social organisation of remembering in life story work makes visible identities in terms of continuities of participation in the social practices that make up the conditions of living of the recipients of care and the working practices of those who provide it.

Partnerships, primary health care and health inequalities: problems and possibilities

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny M Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Partnerships have become a widespread tool for coordinating the disconnected components of primary health care. They are based on network modes of governing which are seen as less susceptible to power disparities and as being more democratic than hierarchies, and more inclusive and egalitarian than markets. This paper examines whether government mandated partnerships, which mix network characteristics with aspects of hierarchies and markets, can contribute to ameliorating the effects of inequities and their impacts on health. Partnerships have benefits but are complicated and time consuming. They have theoretical appeal in addressing health problems which require solutions that reach beyond traditional health boundaries to be more interconnected and inclusive. Evaluations of partnerships in the UK indicate their substantial coordination benefits. But reducing the impact of inequities also requires shifting to a conception of health that emphasises the social and environmental context. This is the case even where partnerships have political support and health inequalities are on the agenda. Partnerships are not a quick fix, but they are a necessary component of tackling the impacts of inequities on health. They create possibilities for reducing the impacts of inequities on health by providing a platform on which additional measures can be built.

Fostering Traditional Health Systems and Ethnomedicine Practices through a Holistic Approach: A Pioneering Community Strategy from Southern India

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Maria Costanza Torri
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Strategy ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

The ever-presence of traditional medicine and of medical practitioners in remote areas of the world is well documented by anthropological studies. However, the social, cultural, and environmental factors influencing health and traditional health systems have been analyzed separately, ignoring the interlinkages existing between them and the resulting synergies as well as the impact these will have on the multiple aspects of local communities. This case study attempts to overcome this shortcoming, by investigating the interrelationships between biodiversity conservation and the practice of ethnomedicine in Southern India as a basis to implement primary health care, enhance local livelihoods, and contribute to poverty alleviation through community-based entrepreneurial activities.

scholarly journals Leveraging Arts for Justice, Equity, and Public Health: The Skywatchers Program and Its Implications for Community-Based Health Promotion Practice and Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 91S-100S
Author(s):  
Rabbi Nancy E. Epstein ◽  
Anne Bluethenthal ◽  
Deirdre Visser ◽  
Clara Pinsky ◽  
Meredith Minkler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Promotion Practice

Arts have long addressed the conditions that cause ill health, such as poverty, social inequality, and structural racism, and have recently taken on increased significance for public health. This article illuminates the potential for cross-sector collaboration between community-based health promotion and community-engaged arts to address the social determinants of health and build neighborhood assets at multiple levels of the social-ecological model. It features Skywatchers, a collaborative community arts ensemble of artists and residents of the culturally rich but economically poor Tenderloin neighborhood in San Francisco, California, and its original values-based “relational, durational, conversational, and structural” methodology focused on process over product and leveraging arts for justice and equity. Now, 10 years into its work, Skywatchers offers lessons about building reciprocal relationships, cocreating artworks, and promoting arts-based advocacy to improve the conditions that foster poor health in the neighborhood. The article discusses implications for community-based health promotion practice that delineate commitments and challenges shared between the two fields, their distinct roles and tools, and the potential for more widespread partnerships. It concludes with implications for policy and advocacy and a vision for expanded community-based participatory research to better understand the impact of arts on community health and well-being.

Community-Based Ecotourism and Its Impact on the Social and Economic Conditions: A Case Study in Blekok, Situbondo Regency, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Sulastri ARSAD ◽  
Afif Olivian DARYANTO ◽  
Luthfiana Aprilianita SARI ◽  
Dhira Kurniawan SAPUTRA ◽  
Fika Dewi PRATIWI
Keyword(s):  
Income Group ◽  
High Income ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

This study aims to analyse the impact of the implementation of community-based ecotourism on the social and economic conditions of the people of Kampung Blekok. Primary data were obtained from 79 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling. The research method used a descriptive quantitative method. The data used were the characteristics of the people of Kampung Blekok, data on the social and economic conditions of the people of Kampung Blekok before and after the inauguration of the Kampung Blekok Ecotourism. The results show that the group of low and high income showed the decrease of percentage (11.39 and 8.87%, respectively), otherwise the middle and very high-income group presented an increase percentage (8.85 and 11.39%, consecutively). It means people who gained low and high income are reduced and middle and very high-income group are increased. It can conclude that ecotourism activities could affect the social economic of people in kampung Blekok.

scholarly journals Resilience in a Kenyan informal settlement during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-142
Author(s):  
Stephen Vertigans ◽  
◽  
Natascha Mueller-Hirth ◽  
Fredrick Okinda
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global North ◽  
Financial Safety Nets ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Controlling Measures ◽  
The Impact

Informal settlements have been identified as locations both where the spread of COVID-19 has generally been slower than within the Global North and measures to restrain the pandemic have further intensified local peoples’ marginality as income decreases without welfare or financial safety nets. In this paper, qualitative fieldwork is detailed which commenced in Korogocho, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, immediately prior to national COVID-19 restrictions. This March 2020, pre-COVID phase of the fieldwork focused on a community-based project and the basis for resilience in transforming local lives. During the next 12 months of the pandemic fieldwork continued, exploring experiences and reactions to restraining policies. These findings reinforce concerns about the impact of COVID-19 related restrictions on marginalised peoples’ income, food security, health, safety and gender-based violence. How the local people reacted to these effects highlights their creative resilience and adaptability. The paper concludes by examining the impact of, and responses to, the controlling measures on the social relationships and cohesion that underpins the community resilience.

scholarly journals Increasing Knowledge and Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants by Local Communities in Tamil Nadu: Promoting Self-Reliance at the Grassroots Level Through a Community-Based Entrepreneurship Initiative

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Maria Costanza Torri
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Capacity Building ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
The Impact

The presence of traditional medicine (TM) and medical practitioners in remote areas of the world is well documented by anthropological studies. However, social, cultural, and environmental factors influencing health and traditional health systems are usually analyzed separately, ignoring the interlinkages existing among them and the resulting synergies, as well as the impact these will have on multiple aspects of local communities. This article presents an innovative and integrated approach to the promotion of a traditional health knowledge system through a community-based entrepreneurship initiative, the Gram Mooligai Company Limited (GMCL), operating in Tamil Nadu (India). The field study took place in Tamil Nadu over a period of 4 months. The data were collected through individual and group interviews and were complemented by participant observations. The research highlights the existence of a strong relationship between commercial initiatives centered on ethnomedicine, enhancement of local livelihoods, gender empowerment, and conservation and enhancement of traditional knowledge through community capacity building. The article points out the importance of promoting and sustaining community initiatives such as GMCL with appropriate policies and affirms the necessity of reinforcing the links among culture, conservation, and socioeconomic development of local communities, particularly among the most vulnerable sectors of society.

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