Coping with Bereavement among Elderly Widowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Richardson ◽  
Shantha Balaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

A Dual Process Model of Bereavement, which considers the impact of loss- and restoration-oriented variables on widowers' levels of well-being, is tested on 200 widowed men during the second year of bereavement. Those who were widowed less than 500 days exhibited significantly more negative affect, less positive affect, and lower well-being that those widowed more than 500 days. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both loss and restoration variables were important throughout bereavement. Loss variables influenced negative affect and were especially critical during the early stages. Restoration variables significantly affected positive affect and had greater impact on the later bereaved. The results support a dual process model of bereavement, but also suggest that certain events, such as circumstances of death, are more important during early bereavement while reinvestment activities, such as dating, become relevant later. Some circumstances, such as a wife's suffering, have prolonged effects.

Length of Caregiving and Well-Being among Older Widowers: Implications for the Dual Process Model of Bereavement

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Significant Patterns ◽  
Family Contact

The intent of this study was to examine if length of caregiving was associated with older widowers' adjustment to bereavement and to identify factors, based on principles underlying the Dual Process Model of Bereavement, that might mitigate the potential adverse effects of time spent caring. Two-hundred men over the age of 60 and in the second year of bereavement were identified from death records of older women who had died within a 12-month period. Interviews lasted about 2 hours and focused on widowers' experiences surrounding their wives' deaths along with questions about social support, health, retirement, and other demographic information. The Bradburn Affect Scale was used to measure positive and negative affect. Restoration-oriented coping, such as starting new relationships and activities were measured. These variables included extent of family contact, number of friends, having a confidante, involvement with neighbors, and participation in sports and clubs. Time since death and demographic variables were used as controls. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted on positive and negative affect after which potentially moderating effects were analyzed. Results indicated that the most important influences on negative affect were time since death, ethnicity, and participation in clubs while for positive affect the most significant factors included length of caregiving, number of friends, and having a confidante. Although no interaction effects were significant, patterns emerged. Implications for applying the DPM with older bereaved men are made.

scholarly journals Loving Others: The Impact of Compassionate Love on Later-Life Psychological Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Eva Kahana ◽  
Tirth Bhatta ◽  
Boaz Kahana ◽  
Nirmala Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Compassionate Love ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Existing scholarship in social gerontology has surprisingly paid little attention to broader loving emotions, such as compassionate and altruistic love, as potentially meaningful mechanisms for improving later life psychological well-being. This study examined the influence of feeling love toward other persons and experiencing love from others on later life psychological well-being. We conducted a 3-wave longitudinal study of a representative sample of 340 ethnically heterogeneous community dwelling older residents of Miami, Florida. The increase in feeling of being loved (β=-1.53, p<0.001) and love for others (β=-1.43, p<0.001) led to decline in odds of reporting greater level of depressive symptoms over time. The odds of reporting higher level of positive affect were significantly greater for older adults who reported feeling loved by others (β=1.16, p<0.001) and expressed love for other people (β=1.18, p<0.01). Older adults who felt loved had 0.92-point lower ordered log odds of reporting higher negative affect than those who reported lower level of love. The impact of compassionate love on depressive symptoms and negative affect remained statistically significant even after adjustment for altruistic attitudes and emotional support. The influence of loving emotions on positive affect was, however, explained by altruistic attitudes and emotional support. Our findings underscore the powerful influence of both receiving and giving love for the maintenance of later life psychological well-being. We offer support for the expectation that love is a significant force in the lives of older adults that transcends intimate relationships.

Irrational happiness beliefs and subjective well-being of undergraduate students: A longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Murat Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

Identifying factors that influence well-being are fruitful for improving the knowledge held about the correlates and predictors of well-being in both practice and theory. This research for the first time aimed to investigate whether irrational happiness beliefs, a newly presented construct, contribute to the affective components of subjective well-being over time. The sample included 103 undergraduate students (88 females and 15 males) whose ages varied from 18 to 29 years (M = 19.39 ±1.62). Participants completed measures of irrational happiness beliefs, positive affect, and negative affect both at Time 1 and Time 2 over three months apart. The findings showed that irrational happiness beliefs were significantly negatively related to positive affect only at Time 1. However, the research failed to provide evidence regarding the value of irrational happiness beliefs in predicting positive and negative affect over time. The results suggest that the impact of irrational happiness beliefs upon well-being may occur momentarily not over time. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed and directions for future studies are provided.

The Impact of Game Outcome on Affect of Military Wheelchair Basketball Players

2019 ◽  
pp. 378-387
Author(s):  
Paul E. Yeatts ◽  
Ronald Davis ◽  
Jun Oh ◽  
Gwang-Yon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wheelchair Basketball ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Administrative Personnel ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
The Impact

Participation in physical activity has been shown to improve components of psychological well-being (i.e., affect). Programs such as the Warrior Games have been designed to promote physical activity in wounded military personnel. However, sport competition typically yields a winner and a loser (i.e., game outcome). The experience of a win or a loss may affect how wounded athletes respond to game outcome. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the affective changes (positive affect, negative affect, tranquility, and fatigue) according to game outcome in a sample of wounded military wheelchair basketball players participating in a weekend tournament. The results indicated that the participants who experienced a win reported significantly higher positive affect and tranquility and significantly lower negative affect than those experiencing a loss. These findings have important implications for wounded veteran athletes, as well as coaches and administrative personnel.

The Influence of Consumer Distractions on the Effectiveness of Food-Sampling Programs

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Nowlis ◽  
Baba Shiv
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Food Sample ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
Significant Element ◽  
Subsequent Choice ◽  
The Impact

Sampling programs are a significant element of the promotions mix, particularly in the food category. In this research, the authors find that the degree to which consumers are distracted while sampling a product can influence the effectiveness of such programs. In particular, the authors find that distraction actually increases subsequent choice of the sampled food, a finding that is contrary to what industry experts predict. The authors propose a dual-process model of somatosensory experiences to account for the findings. In line with the model, the findings suggest that the ultimate pleasure that a consumer derives from the taste of a food sample depends on two components, an informational component and an affective component. Furthermore, the findings suggest that distraction affects the subsequent choice of the sampled item by increasing (decreasing) the impact of the affective component (informational component) on subsequent choice.

scholarly journals Religious Coping as a Predictor of Positive Affect and Life Satisfaction during Epidemic Conditions of COVID-19

sjesr ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Dr. Hina Ayaz Habib ◽  
Shahdaz Hussain ◽  
Dr. Nina Ayaz Habib
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Negative Religious Coping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Religious Coping

The present study is conducted to investigate the impact of positive and negative religious coping on life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect during the times of COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, Pakistan. The hypotheses formulated are 1) Positive religious coping predicts positive effect during epidemic conditions of COVID-19 in residents of Punjab. 2) Positive religious coping has a significant impact on life satisfaction during epidemic conditions of COVID-19 in citizens of Punjab. 3) Negative religious coping predicts negative effects during COVID-19 conditions in citizens of Punjab, Pakistan. The study adopts the observational design and gathers data through demographic sheets, Subjective Well-Being Scale and Brief Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE). The population for the study is the residents of Punjab, Pakistan with data being gathered online. 200 participants were recruited online through convenience sampling. Data was statistically analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Science version 22, and to test the research hypotheses descriptive statistics and Linear Regression Analysis were used. The Linear Regression results indicate that Positive Religious Coping significantly predicts Positive Affect (R2= .239, F = 61.093, p<.00) and life satisfaction (R2= .239, F = 61.093, p<.00) while Negative Religious Coping is significantly correlated with negative affect (R2= .310, F = 87.568, p<.00).  Positive religious coping is positively correlated with life satisfaction and positive affect while negative religious coping is positively correlated with negative affect. These findings can be used to educate people about RC in Pakistan as it is a Muslim country and there is a culture of seeking help through religion in various stressful situations.

Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-Being

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Fredrickson ◽  
Thomas Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Broaden And Build Theory ◽  
And Coping

The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions predicts that positive emotions broaden the scopes of attention and cognition, and, by consequence, initiate upward spirals toward increasing emotional well-being. The present study assessed this prediction by testing whether positive affect and broad-minded coping reciprocally and prospectively predict one another. One hundred thirty-eight college students completed self-report measures of affect and coping at two assessment periods 5 weeks apart. As hypothesized, regression analyses showed that initial positive affect, but not negative affect, predicted improved broad-minded coping, and initial broad-minded coping predicted increased positive affect, but not reductions in negative affect. Further mediational analyses showed that positive affect and broad-minded coping serially enhanced one another. These findings provide prospective evidence to support the prediction that positive emotions initiate upward spirals toward enhanced emotional well-being. Implications for clinical practice and health promotion are discussed.

Lives lived longer: Chronic pain, subjective well-being, and occupation

Work and pain ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Christopher Eccleston
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
New Age ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Dual Process Model

We are living longer. Later life for many will be characterized by learning to live with pain, and how to live well despite pain. Theories of adjustment are reviewed with a focus on the dual process model of coping, which puts all attempts at coping with adversity within in a developmental and ageing framework. Examples of how one comes to negotiate what is possible, desirable, achievable, and allowable in later life occupation are explored. Finally, a consideration of this new age is discussed with its implications for identity and for social change.

scholarly journals The Costs of the COVID-19 on Subjective Well-Being: An Analysis of the Outbreak in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Blasco-Belled ◽  
Claudia Tejada-Gallardo ◽  
Cristina Torrelles-Nadal ◽  
Carles Alsinet
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Positive Affect

The COVID-19 outbreak entailed radical shifts to individuals’ daily habits that challenged their subjective well-being (SWB). Knowledge about the impact of COVID-19 on SWB is paramount for developing public policies to tackle mental health during health emergency periods. Decreases in life satisfaction are likely not only due to exposure to daily negative emotions but also due to hopelessness, fear, and avoidance of social interactions. We examined in a sample of 541 Spanish adults (1) reactions to the COVID-19 outbreak and (2) the mediating role of these reactions in the associations of hope and social phobia with life satisfaction through different levels of positive and negative affect. A moderated mediation analysis showed that the conditional indirect effect of hope and social anxiety on life satisfaction through information depended on the participants’ having high positive affect and low negative affect. Affect seems to be a mechanism that modulates the influence of individuals’ perception about COVID-19 on their life satisfaction. Those with high positive affect might see the “general picture” and search for adequate information as they avoid focusing on the problem and on specific information that precludes preventive behaviors. Having a positive affect might help individuals to adopt information-processing strategies during the COVID-19 outbreak that will improve their life satisfaction.

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