Socrates in the schools: Gains at three-year follow-up

Three recent research reports by Topping and Trickey (2007a; 2007b), by Fair and colleagues (2015), and by Gorard, Siddiqui and Huat See (2015) have produced data that support the conclusion that a Philosophy for Children (P4C) program of one-hour-per-week structured discussions has a marked positive impact on students. This article presents data from a follow up study done three years after the completion of the study reported in Fair et al. (2015). The data show that the positive gains in scores on the Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT in the USA and CAT in the UK) were still present and had not faded after three years. Given the strength of these confirmations of the positive durable impact of the P4C program of structured discussions and given the relatively low cost of implementing the P4C program, it is recommended that it become a standard part of the school curriculum.

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Diagnostic stability in a Dutch psychosis incidence cohort

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.185.6.460 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 185 (6) ◽

pp. 460-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Natalie D. Veen ◽

Jean-Paul Selten ◽

Diede Schols ◽

Winfried Laan ◽

Hans W. Hoek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Schizophrenic Disorder ◽

Diagnostic Stability ◽

Face To Face ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Diagnostic Interviews ◽

The Uk

BackgroundNo study outside the UK has examined the diagnostic stability of psychotic disorders in a population-based sample.AimsTo determine diagnostic stability in a Dutch population-based psychosis incidence cohort, to examine the frequencies of diagnostic shifts to and from schizophrenic disorders and to report the revised relative risks of schizophrenic disorders for immigrants.MethodA 30-month follow-up study assessed the cohort (n=181) by means of face-to-face diagnostic interviews.ResultsDiagnostic stability of schizophrenic disorders was high (91%), but lower for other psychotic disorders. At follow-up, the initial diagnosis was adjusted to schizophrenic disorder more often than that the reverse occurred. Almost half (49%) of the patients who were not initially diagnosed as having a schizophrenic disorder received this diagnosis at follow-up. The relative risks for most immigrant groups were stable.ConclusionsSchizophrenic disorders are underdiagnosed, rather than overdiagnosed, at first presentation.

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The cost of consent: why healthcare providers must be compliant with the Montgomery principles

The Bone & Joint Journal ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.102b5.bjj-2019-1759 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 102-B (5) ◽

pp. 550-555

Author(s):

Nick Birch ◽

Nick V. Todd

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

International Comparisons ◽

Point Of View ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Health Board ◽

Malpractice Claim ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk ◽

The Cost

The cost of clinical negligence in the UK has continued to rise despite no increase in claims numbers from 2016 to 2019. In the US, medical malpractice claim rates have fallen each year since 2001 and the payout rate has stabilized. In Germany, malpractice claim rates for spinal surgery fell yearly from 2012 to 2017, despite the number of spinal operations increasing. In Australia, public healthcare claim rates were largely static from 2008 to 2013, but private claims rose marginally. The cost of claims rose during the period. UK and Australian trends are therefore out of alignment with other international comparisons. Many of the claims in orthopaedics occur as a result of “failure to warn”, i.e. lack of adequately documented and appropriate consent. The UK and USA have similar rates (26% and 24% respectively), but in Germany the rate is 14% and in Australia only 2%. This paper considers the drivers for the increased cost of clinical negligence claims in the UK compared to the USA, Germany and Australia, from a spinal and orthopaedic point of view, with a focus on “failure to warn” and lack of compliance with the principles established in February 2015 in the Supreme Court in the case of Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board. The article provides a description of the prevailing medicolegal situation in the UK and also calculates, from publicly available data, the cost to the public purse of the failure to comply with the principles established. It shows that compliance with the Montgomery principles would have an immediate and lasting positive impact on the sums paid by NHS Resolution to settle negligence cases in a way that has already been established in the USA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):550–555.

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Peptides in COVID-19 Clinical Trials—A Snapshot

Biologics ◽

10.3390/biologics1030018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 300-311

Author(s):

Kai Hilpert

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Current Situation ◽

Routine Diagnostics ◽

Current Review ◽

The Usa ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Uk

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a strong drive and desire to find effective treatments for and protection against the disease. On the webpage ClinicalTrials.gov, a total of 6505 clinical trials currently (September 2021) investigating various aspects of COVID-19 are registered. Of these, 124 studies involving peptides were identified. These 124 were further evaluated, and 88 trials that used peptides only for routine diagnostics were excluded. The remaining 36 trials were classified into 5 different classes according to their function: immunomodulatory (5 trials), regain homeostasis (10 trials), diagnostics/biomarkers (8 trials), vaccination (9 trials), and antiviral activity (4 trials, all overlap with immunomodulatory activities). In the current review, these 36 trials are briefly described and tabularly summarised. According to the estimated finish date, 14 trials have not yet finished. All of the finished trials are yet to report their results. Seven trials were based in the USA, and Egypt, France, the UK, Turkey, and the Russian Federation conducted three trials each. This review aims to present a snapshot of the current situation of peptides in COVID-19 clinical trials and provides a template to follow up on trials of interest; it does not claim to be a complete overview.

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Effectiveness of a new low-cost psychosocial rehabilitative model to reduce burden of disease among persons with severe mental illness: An interventional follow-up study

Indian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_85_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RoyAbraham Kallivayalil ◽

Sanu Sudhakar

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Low Cost ◽

Follow Up Study

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Estimation of incubation period distribution of COVID-19 using disease onset forward time: A novel cross-sectional and forward follow-up study

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abc1202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (33) ◽

pp. eabc1202 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jing Qin ◽

Chong You ◽

Qiushi Lin ◽

Taojun Hu ◽

Shicheng Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Renewal Process ◽

Low Cost ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Recall Bias ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Period Distribution

We have proposed a novel, accurate low-cost method to estimate the incubation-period distribution of COVID-19 by conducting a cross-sectional and forward follow-up study. We identified those presymptomatic individuals at their time of departure from Wuhan and followed them until the development of symptoms. The renewal process was adopted by considering the incubation period as a renewal and the duration between departure and symptoms onset as a forward time. Such a method enhances the accuracy of estimation by reducing recall bias and using the readily available data. The estimated median incubation period was 7.76 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.02 to 8.53], and the 90th percentile was 14.28 days (95% CI: 13.64 to 14.90). By including the possibility that a small portion of patients may contract the disease on their way out of Wuhan, the estimated probability that the incubation period is longer than 14 days was between 5 and 10%.

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Medical education and health care in China and the USA: a follow-up study of a 4 year cardiovascular visiting programme between Peking University and the University of Minnesota

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33191-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 390 ◽

pp. S53

Author(s):

Jianqing She ◽

Kenneth Liao

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Medical Education ◽

University Of Minnesota ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Education And Health ◽

Peking University ◽

The Usa ◽

The University

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Does Population Aging Affect Income Inequality?

Advances in Human Services and Public Health - Handbook of Research on Economic and Social Impacts of Population Aging ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7327-3.ch017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 320-335

Author(s):

Gürçem Özaytürk ◽

Ali Eren Alper ◽

Fındık Özlem Alper

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Pension System ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Population Aging ◽

The Elderly ◽

Dependency Ratio ◽

Long Run ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk ◽

The Relationship

This study analyzes the relationship between the elderly dependency ratio and income inequality over the period 1972-2019 in countries such as the USA, Japan, the UK, France, Germany, Canada, and Italy, which rank top in the population aging, using the Fourier-Shin cointegration test. According to the results, the rise in the elderly dependency ratio of all countries included in the analysis, except for France, has a positive impact on income inequality. The result implying that the rise in the elderly dependency ratio increases the income inequality and renders some policy recommendations possible. Accordingly, the provision of adequate childcare programs and family aids can result in greater labor force participation in the short- and long-run. In addition, a pension system can be developed to lower the elderly dependency ratio, more money can be saved for the retirement period, and working domains can be developed for the post-retirement period.

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180 Positive Impact of a Resident Quality Improvement (QI) Project on Accuracy of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 Coding for Diabetic Nephropathy and Adherence to Microalbuminuria Screening: A Follow-Up Study

American Journal of Kidney Diseases ◽

10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.02.183 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. B61

Author(s):

Michelle Malabanan ◽

Arnel Magno ◽

Leela Mathew

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Quality Improvement ◽

Positive Impact ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

International Classification ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Classification Of Diseases

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The quantitative easing effect on the stock market of the USA, the UK and Japan

Journal of Economic Studies ◽

10.1108/jes-05-2015-0081 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 1006-1021 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Luiz Lima ◽

Claudio Foffano Vasconcelos ◽

Jose Simão ◽

Helder Ferreira de Mendonça

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Stock Markets ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Central Banks ◽

Quantitative Easing ◽

Subprime Crisis ◽

Content Type ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze if the unconventional monetary policy, known as quantitative easing (QE) practiced by central banks in the USA, the UK, and Japan was effective to increase the market share after subprime crisis. Design/methodology/approach In order to analyze the effect of the QE on the stock markets of the USA, the UK, and Japan, the authors use an ARDL model to find the long-run relationship among the variables. Findings The findings denote that the QE implemented by the central banks in the USA, Japan, and the UK had a positive impact on their stock markets. Originality/value The results of the paper give some new insights about the conduction of monetary policy when the interest rates are close to zero.

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