scholarly journals Toward a Working Definition of eCohort Studies in Health Research: Narrative Literature Review

10.2196/24588 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e24588
Author(s):  
Vasileios Nittas ◽  
Milo Alan Puhan ◽  
Viktor von Wyl
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Research Narrative ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Background The wide availability of internet-connected devices and new sensor technologies increasingly infuse longitudinal observational study designs and cohort studies. Simultaneously, the costly and time-consuming nature of traditional cohorts has given rise to alternative, technology-driven designs such as eCohorts, which remain inadequately described in the scientific literature. Objective The aim of this study was to outline and discuss what may constitute an eCohort, as well as to formulate a first working definition for health researchers based on a review of the relevant literature. Methods A two-staged review and synthesis process was performed comparing 10 traditional cohorts and 10 eCohorts across the six core steps in the life cycle of cohort designs. Results eCohorts are a novel type of technology-driven cohort study that are not physically linked to a clinical setting, follow more relaxed and not necessarily random sampling procedures, are primarily based on self-reported and digitally collected data, and systematically aim to leverage the internet and digitalization to achieve flexibility, interactivity, patient-centeredness, and scalability. This approach comes with some hurdles such as data quality, generalizability, and privacy concerns. Conclusions eCohorts have similarities to their traditional counterparts; however, they are sufficiently distinct to be treated as a separate type of cohort design. The novelty of eCohorts is associated with a range of strengths and weaknesses that require further exploration.

scholarly journals Toward a Working Definition of eCohort Studies in Health Research: Narrative Literature Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Nittas ◽  
Milo Alan Puhan ◽  
Viktor von Wyl
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Research Narrative ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sampling Procedures

BACKGROUND The wide availability of internet-connected devices and new sensor technologies increasingly infuse longitudinal observational study designs and cohort studies. Simultaneously, the costly and time-consuming nature of traditional cohorts has given rise to alternative, technology-driven designs such as eCohorts, which remain inadequately described in the scientific literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to outline and discuss what may constitute an eCohort, as well as to formulate a first working definition for health researchers based on a review of the relevant literature. METHODS A two-staged review and synthesis process was performed comparing 10 traditional cohorts and 10 eCohorts across the six core steps in the life cycle of cohort designs. RESULTS eCohorts are a novel type of technology-driven cohort study that are not physically linked to a clinical setting, follow more relaxed and not necessarily random sampling procedures, are primarily based on self-reported and digitally collected data, and systematically aim to leverage the internet and digitalization to achieve flexibility, interactivity, patient-centeredness, and scalability. This approach comes with some hurdles such as data quality, generalizability, and privacy concerns. CONCLUSIONS eCohorts have similarities to their traditional counterparts; however, they are sufficiently distinct to be treated as a separate type of cohort design. The novelty of eCohorts is associated with a range of strengths and weaknesses that require further exploration.

Alternative Ways of Capturing the Legacies of Traumatic Events: A Literature Review of Agency of Children Living in Countries Affected by Political Violence and Armed Conflicts

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802096187
Author(s):  
Federica Cavazzoni ◽  
Alec Fiorini ◽  
Guido Veronese
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Children’S Agency ◽  
Child Centered ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Definition Of

Background: It has been revealed that the construct of agency plays a crucial role in contributing to children’s positive functioning and well-being despite their traumatic contexts. Yet there is little agreement within the literature about the definition of agency, how agency is displayed by children, or how it should be investigated. Aims: This study provides a synthetic overview of studies that have analyzed the agency of children living in contexts affected by political violence and armed conflict. In the process, it highlights major theoretical breakthroughs and findings in this area of research. The aim was to review research investigating the different ways in which children’s agency manifests itself within their everyday lives, as well as possible policy implications. Method: We identified published peer-reviewed studies relating to children’s agency in conflict-affected environments through a narrative literature review. An ecological framework was used to organize studies according to the different settings (personal, familial, cultural, or contextual) within which the children’s agency was displayed. Results: Of 682 studies identified from online searches of the literature and the three additional sources gathered through bibliography mining, 63 qualified for full review, with 15 studies included in the final synthesis. Overall, the literature focused mostly on the ways in which children’s ability to mobilize resources emerged in order to cope with their challenging contexts. Conclusion: Scholars advocated for community-oriented and child-centered programs that are aimed not only at promoting recovery from symptoms but also at fostering advocacy and a sense of agency in children.

Professional carers’ experiences of caring for individuals with intellectual disability and dementia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Cleary ◽  
Owen Doody
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Staff Training ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
And Coping

The number of people with intellectual disability living into old age and developing dementia continues to increase. Dementia presents a wide range of challenges for staff due to progressive deterioration. This article presents the findings from a narrative literature review of professional caregivers’ experiences of caring for individuals with intellectual disability and dementia. Seven electronic databases were searched using Boolean operators and truncation to identify relevant literature. Search results were combined and narrowed to articles relevant to staff working with individuals with intellectual disability and dementia, and 14 articles met the criteria for review. Themes outlined in the review include staff knowledge of dementia, staff training in dementia, caregiving, challenging behaviour, pain management, mealtime support and coping strategies. Overall carers must review and adjust their care delivery and support to people with intellectual disability and dementia, not only in terms of identifying and responding to their health needs but also through collaborative team working within and across services.

scholarly journals Rethinking Mental Health Wellness Among Adolescents: An Integrative Review Protocol of Mental Health Components

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaida Orth ◽  
Brian van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background: Adolescence have been overlooked in global public health initiatives as this period is generally considered to be the healthiest in an individual’s life course. However, the growth of the global adolescent population along and their changing health profiles have called attention to the diverse health needs of adolescents. However, the increased attention toward adolescent health has accentuated existing gaps as global health reports have emphasised that there is a continued need for valid and reliable health data. In this context, evidence has shown that mental health issues constitute one of the greatest burdens of disease for adolescents. The paucity of research on adolescent mental health and wellbeing may be related to the lack of validated instruments. This integrative review aims to unpack the meaning of mental health wellness among adolescents and its associated constructs by analysing and synthesising peer-reviewed empirical and theoretical research on adolescent mental health. In doing this, we will develop a working definition of adolescent mental health wellness that can be used to develop an instrument aimed at measuring adolescent mental health wellness.Methods: The integrative review is guided by the five steps described by Whittemore and Knafl. A comprehensive search strategy which will include carefully selected terms that correspond to the domains of interest (mental health wellness) will be used to search for relevant literature on electronic databases, grey literature and government or non-governmental organisations (NGO) websites. Studies will be included if they describe and/or define general mental health wellbeing in adolescent populations aged 10-19. The screening and reporting of the review will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data from the integrative review will be analysed using narrative framework synthesis for qualitative and quantitative studies Conclusion: This integrative review aims to search for and synthesise current research regarding adolescent mental health wellbeing to identify how wellbeing is being described and conceptualised. We aim to identify gaps and to contribute to a more comprehensive definition of mental health wellness which can aid in the development of an age- and culturally appropriate measure of adolescent mental health wellness

scholarly journals Coping strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leepile A. Sehularo ◽  
Boitumelo J. Molato ◽  
Isaac O. Mokgaola ◽  
Gopolang Gause
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is understandable that nurses are working under stressful conditions. A successful use of effective coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic will help nurses to manage stressful conditions.Aim: The objective of this narrative literature review was to explore and describe the coping strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Setting: This study was conducted from all available literature related to the coping strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic globally.Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted to answer researchers’ concern of coping strategies used by nurses during COVID-19. The purposive sampling technique was used to select three online databases that were used to search for the relevant literature, namely Google Scholar, Science Direct and African Journals (formerly SAePublications). Search terms used to conduct this study include coping, coping strategies, nurses, nursing and COVID-19 pandemic. This study included English studies focusing on coping strategies used by nurses during COVID-19 published between 2019 and 2021. The study excluded newspaper articles, conference reports and other databases not mentioned in this study.Results: The findings identified the following strategies: use of COVID-19 protective measures, avoidance strategy, social support, faith-based practices, psychological support and management support are used by nurses as coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: The use of the identified coping strategies by nurses may reduce stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations were made for future research, nursing education and practice.Contribution: This is the first narrative literature review focusing on the coping strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this narrative literature review provide insight that may be used by nurses of all categories to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Criteria to Measure Social Media Value in Health Care Settings: Narrative Literature Review

10.2196/14684 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. e14684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuma Ukoha ◽  
Andrew Stranieri
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Business Information Systems ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Moment

Background With the growing use of social media in health care settings, there is a need to measure outcomes resulting from its use to ensure continuous performance improvement. Despite the need for measurement, a unified approach for measuring the value of social media used in health care remains elusive. Objective This study aimed to elucidate how the value of social media in health care settings can be ascertained and to taxonomically identify steps and techniques in social media measurement from a review of relevant literature. Methods A total of 65 relevant articles drawn from 341 articles on the subject of measuring social media in health care settings were qualitatively analyzed and synthesized. The articles were selected from the literature from diverse disciplines including business, information systems, medical informatics, and medicine. Results The review of the literature showed different levels and focus of analysis when measuring the value of social media in health care settings. It equally showed that there are various metrics for measurement, levels of measurement, approaches to measurement, and scales of measurement. Each may be relevant, depending on the use case of social media in health care. Conclusions A comprehensive yardstick is required to simplify the measurement of outcomes resulting from the use of social media in health care. At the moment, there is neither a consensus on what indicators to measure nor on how to measure them. We hope that this review is used as a starting point to create a comprehensive measurement criterion for social media used in health care.

scholarly journals Deming’s tampering revisited: definition and future research agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Smeds
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Paper Form ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose How do organisations know which problems are worthy of their attention? Despite good intentions, many attempts to solve problems fail. One reason for this failure might be because of attempts to solve non-problems or to solve problems with insufficient means, a concept proposed by Deming as tampering. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a definition of tampering, outline what is currently known about possible practical implications of tampering and to suggest how to extend this knowledge by proposing an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach To fulfil the purpose, a narrative literature review was conducted. Findings Through this review, common aspects of what constitutes tampering are identified and the following definition is proposed: Tampering is a response to a perceived problem in the form of an action that is not directed at the fundamental cause of the problem, which leads to a deterioration of the process or the process output. In addition, recommendations are generated regarding how tampering manifests itself in practice and why tampering occurs. These recommendations could be studied in future research. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that suggests a revitalisation of tampering. The results presented in this paper form the basis for continued studies on how tampering in organisations can be understood, managed and prevented.

scholarly journals Entertainment Games for Teaching English as a Second Language

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-207
Author(s):  
Gabriel Savonitti ◽  
Joao Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
English Classroom ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Active Learner

This article explores the use of entertainment games for teaching English as a second language. It is a narrative literature review of theories of motivation and learning. To facilitate the choice of didactic resources to be used in the English classroom by teachers, this study brings to light the characteristics relevant to teaching that can be found in games, associated with different genres. In this sense, 14 researches involving digital games of entertainment were analyzed, using as basis Gardner’s theories of motivation in the teaching, games and the active learner of Gee, zone of proximal development of Vygotsky, tangential learning model of Portnow and Brown, model of the monitor, Krashen’s input hypothesis, Schumann’s acculturation model, and the hypothesis of the interaction proposed by several authors such as Gass and Larsen-Freeman and Long. The results obtained were the definition of the relevant characteristics to teaching and learning in games and the identification of the genres associated to these characteristics. The discussion used the following characteristics found in the analyzed texts: motivation, classroom interaction, social interaction in the game, tangential learning, grades, complementary material, vocabulary, repetitive written content, big written content, need for text interpretation, audio and text.

A Working Definition of Mind

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Farr
Keyword(s):  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Giving and receiving written feedback on research reports: a narrative review and guidance for supervisors and students

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerith Duncanson ◽  
David Schmidt ◽  
Emma Webster
Keyword(s):  
Research Report ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Supervisory Relationship ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Researcher Development ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Educational Component

PurposeWritten feedback on research-related writing is an important educational component of novice researcher development. Limited evidence exists to inform effective written feedback, particularly in relation to research reports by novice researchers. The aim of this narrative literature review was to explore supervisor and novice researcher perspectives on the provision of written feedback, particularly in the context of their evolving supervisory relationship. MethodsA systematic search of peer-reviewed journals in educational and health databases was undertaken for the terms ‘written feedback’ and ‘research report’, from January 2001 to August 2020. Identified literature was critiqued for methodological quality. Findings were coded, grouped and described as themes. Next, the themes and their parts were applied to the development of a two-part written feedback checklist that includes separate but related recommendations for supervisors and novice researchers.FindingsFrom 35 included papers, the four main themes that related to written feedback on research reports by novice researchers were: the emotional impact of receiving or giving written feedback; written feedback in the supervisory power dynamic; communicating written feedback; and the content and structure of written feedback. The changing nature and complexity of factors associated with written feedback from research supervisors reflected the transition from a supervisory relationship to a peer relationship. The checklist developed from the synthesised data is intended to provide guidance for supervisors and students about their respective and shared responsibilities within a supervisory relationship.  ImplicationsIncreased awareness of the characteristics, roles and impact of written feedback will assist supervisors of novice researchers to provide effective written feedback, and for students to effectively utilise written feedback. Progression of written feedback throughout the supervisory period is proposed as a means of transitioning from a teacher-student to a peer researcher relationship. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document