Impulsivity, Self-control, Interpersonal Influences, and Maladaptive Cognitions as Factors of Internet Gaming Disorder Among Adolescents in China: Cross-sectional Mediation Study

Background Gaming disorder, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), was recently defined by the World Health Organization as a mental disease in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Thus, reducing IGD is warranted. Maladaptive cognitions related to internet gaming (MCIG) have been associated with IGD, while impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences are key risk factors of IGD. Previous literature suggests that MCIG is associated with the aforementioned 4 risk factors and IGD, and may thus mediate between these risk factors and IGD. These potential mediations, if significant, imply that modification of MCIG may possibly alleviate these risk factors’ harmful impacts on increasing IGD. These mediation hypotheses were tested in this study for the first time. Objective This study tested the mediation effects of MCIG between intrapersonal factors (impulsivity and self-control) and IGD, and between interpersonal factors (parental influences and peer influences) and IGD among adolescents in China. Methods An anonymous, cross-sectional, and self-administered survey was conducted among secondary school students in classroom settings in Guangzhou and Chengdu, China. All grade 7 to 9 students (7 to 9 years of formal education) of 7 secondary schools were invited to join the study, and 3087 completed the survey. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) checklist was used to assess IGD. MCIG was assessed by using the Chinese version of the Revised Internet Gaming Cognition Scale. Impulsivity, self-control, and parental or peer influences were measured by using the motor subscale of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Brief Self-Control Scale, and the modified interpersonal influence scale, respectively. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediation effects of MCIG between these risk factors and IGD. Results The prevalence of IGD was 13.57% (418/3081) and 17.67% (366/2071) among all participants and adolescent internet gamers, respectively. The 3 types of MCIG (perceived rewards of internet gaming, perceived urges for playing internet games, and perceived unwillingness to stop playing without completion of gaming tasks) were positively associated with IGD. Impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences were all significantly associated with the 3 types of MCIG and IGD. The 3 types of MCIG partially mediated the associations between the studied factors and IGD (effect size of 30.0% to 37.8%). Conclusions Impulsivity, self-control, and interpersonal influences had both direct and indirect effects via MCIG on IGD. Modifications of the 3 types of MCIG can potentially reduce the harmful impacts of impulsivity and interpersonal influences on IGD and enhance the protective effect of self-control against IGD. Future longitudinal studies are warranted.

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Impulsivity, Self-control, Interpersonal Influences, and Maladaptive Cognitions as Factors of Internet Gaming Disorder Among Adolescents in China: Cross-sectional Mediation Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.26810 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yanqiu Yu ◽

Phoenix Kit-Han Mo ◽

Jianxin Zhang ◽

Jibin Li ◽

Joseph Tak-Fai Lau

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Self Control ◽

Parental Influences ◽

Peer Influences ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediation Effects ◽

Interpersonal Influences ◽

Internet Gaming

BACKGROUND Gaming disorder, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), was recently defined by the World Health Organization as a mental disease in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Thus, reducing IGD is warranted. Maladaptive cognitions related to internet gaming (MCIG) have been associated with IGD, while impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences are key risk factors of IGD. Previous literature suggests that MCIG is associated with the aforementioned 4 risk factors and IGD, and may thus mediate between these risk factors and IGD. These potential mediations, if significant, imply that modification of MCIG may possibly alleviate these risk factors’ harmful impacts on increasing IGD. These mediation hypotheses were tested in this study for the first time. OBJECTIVE This study tested the mediation effects of MCIG between intrapersonal factors (impulsivity and self-control) and IGD, and between interpersonal factors (parental influences and peer influences) and IGD among adolescents in China. METHODS An anonymous, cross-sectional, and self-administered survey was conducted among secondary school students in classroom settings in Guangzhou and Chengdu, China. All grade 7 to 9 students (7 to 9 years of formal education) of 7 secondary schools were invited to join the study, and 3087 completed the survey. The <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (<i>DSM-5</i>) checklist was used to assess IGD. MCIG was assessed by using the Chinese version of the Revised Internet Gaming Cognition Scale. Impulsivity, self-control, and parental or peer influences were measured by using the motor subscale of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Brief Self-Control Scale, and the modified interpersonal influence scale, respectively. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediation effects of MCIG between these risk factors and IGD. RESULTS The prevalence of IGD was 13.57% (418/3081) and 17.67% (366/2071) among all participants and adolescent internet gamers, respectively. The 3 types of MCIG (perceived rewards of internet gaming, perceived urges for playing internet games, and perceived unwillingness to stop playing without completion of gaming tasks) were positively associated with IGD. Impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences were all significantly associated with the 3 types of MCIG and IGD. The 3 types of MCIG partially mediated the associations between the studied factors and IGD (effect size of 30.0% to 37.8%). CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity, self-control, and interpersonal influences had both direct and indirect effects via MCIG on IGD. Modifications of the 3 types of MCIG can potentially reduce the harmful impacts of impulsivity and interpersonal influences on IGD and enhance the protective effect of self-control against IGD. Future longitudinal studies are warranted.

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RISK FACTORS OF INTERNET GAMING AMONG FILIPINO STUDENTS

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2020.8424 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 230-237

Author(s):

Marris R. Reyes

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Significant Risk ◽

The Self ◽

Self Control ◽

Personality Factors ◽

The Internet ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Filipino Students

Purpose of the study: The main objective of this study is to examine the risk factors for internet gaming disorder (IGD). Specifically, it aims to: measure the severity of internet gaming among Filipino students; describe their internet gaming characteristic; and, identify which among the risk factors predict IGD. Methodology: Students who displayed five or more symptoms in the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGD9-SF) were identified. The internet gaming characteristics, Brief Self Control Scale (BSCS) to identify self-control levels, and Mini-IPIP for the personality of the participants were also collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis to identify the significant risk factors for IGD using SPSS 17.0. Main Findings: Internet gaming characteristics such as time spent, money spent, and devices used were significant risk factors to IGD. Psychological factors such as self-control and personality traits (agreeableness and openness) were established and were also significant risk factors. The lower the self-control the higher the risk of developing IGD, as well as the more agreeable and open the gamers are the higher the risk to IGD. Applications of this study: Researchers and therapists should focus on developing intervention methods focusing on minimizing the device's exposure to lessen time and money spent in gaming as well as strengthening the self-control of the gamers. Novelty/Originality of this study: This psychological inquiry contributed to the emerging psychological disorder IGD shedding light on its current debates and controversies. This established risk factors to IGD among Filipino students who are time spent, money spent, devices used, self-control, and personality factors such as agreeableness and openness.

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The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Internet Gaming Disorder and Their Association among Adults in Saudi Arabia : A Cross-Sectional Study

Aljouf University Medical Journal ◽

10.12816/0058988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 45-56

Author(s):

Al Hadi , Ahmad N. ◽

Aldussary , Dina M. ◽

Abanumy , Jawaher A. ◽

Alghamdi , Maha A. ◽

Alsahli , Nora A. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Internet Gaming

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Low self-control and aggression exert serial mediation between inattention/hyperactivity problems and severity of internet gaming disorder features longitudinally among adolescents

Journal of Behavioral Addictions ◽

10.1556/2006.2020.00039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 401-409

Author(s):

Hyunsuk Jeong ◽

Hyeon Woo Yim ◽

Seung-Yup Lee ◽

Hae Kook Lee ◽

Marc N. Potenza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Self Control ◽

Self Report ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Serial Mediation ◽

Low Self Control

AbstractObjectivesWe examined serial mediating roles of low self-control and aggression in explaining relationships between levels of inattention and hyperactivity problems (IHPs) and severity of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) features when exposed to online games among adolescents without Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) stratified by gender using three-wave longitudinal study.MethodThe sample comprised a total of 1,732 family dyads from a study that was conducted among seventh graders without diagnoses of ADHD at baseline. Levels of IHPs were assessed by the parent reported Korean version of the ADHD rating scale at baseline (wave1). Severity of IGD features was assessed by the Internet Game Use-Elicited Symptom Screen (IGUESS) at wave3. Both levels of self-control (wave1) and aggression (wave2) were assessed by self-report. The mediating role of low self-control and aggression in the relationships between level of IHPs and severity of IGD were evaluated using serial mediation analysis separately for each gender.ResultsLevels of IHPs were related directly to severity of IGD features in both genders. The indirect effects via low self-control were also significant in both genders, however, the indirect effects via aggression was significant only in women. The serial mediation effect via low self-control and aggression between levels of IHPs and IGD features was significant in both genders (men, coefficient:0.009, 95%CI 0.005–0.019; women, coefficient:0.010, 95%CI:0.005–0.026).ConclusionWe revealed a possible mechanism underlying a serial mediation chain from low self-control to aggression explaining the effects of IHPs on severity of IGD features. However, this conclusion should be taken with a caution, because the effect sizes were very low.

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Measuring Problematic Internet Use, Internet Gaming Disorder and Social Media Addiction in young adults: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance ◽

10.2196/27719 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Megan Moreno ◽

Karyn Riddle ◽

Marina C. Jenkins ◽

Ajay Singh ◽

Qianqian Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Young Adults ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Media Addiction ◽

Internet Gaming

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The Predictive Value of Emotional Intelligence for Internet Gaming Disorder: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16152762 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (15) ◽

pp. 2762 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Della L. Dang ◽

Meng Xuan Zhang ◽

Karlas Kin-hei Leong ◽

Anise M. S. Wu

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Trait Emotional Intelligence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coping Flexibility ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

One Year ◽

And Coping

This one-year longitudinal study examined trait emotional intelligence as a predictor of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). To date, only cross-sectional research has been conducted to test the protective effects of emotional intelligence against IGD tendency. Based on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, this study aimed to address the research gap by examining not only the direct effects of trait emotional intelligence, but also its indirect effects (via depressive symptoms and coping flexibility) on IGD, with both a cross-sectional and longitudinal design. The participants were 282 Chinese university students (mean age = 20.47; 39.4% males) who voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire at both baseline (W1) and one-year follow-up (W2). Path analysis results revealed that trait emotional intelligence had a protective but indirect effect on IGD tendency in both our cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Depression was found to have a significant, full mediating effect on the relationship between: (i) trait emotional intelligence and IGD tendency (W2) and (ii) coping flexibility and IGD tendency (W2), after adjusting for IGD tendency at the baseline (W1). Gender invariance of the path coefficient was also observed in the prospective model. This study provided longitudinal evidence to support the I-PACE model. Interventions should address both IGD and depressive symptoms, and school-based workshops to increase emotional intelligence and coping flexibility are also recommended.

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