Efficiency Evaluation of European Countries in terms of COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökçen Bayram ◽  
Özlem Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 Pandemic has effected millions of people all over the world. Therefore the behaviour of countries are important to minimise the losses. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of 27 European Countries on spread and deaths caused by COVID-19 pandemics by using input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. A comparison was done between the 27 European Countries for contagion control efficiency and medical treatment efficiency. METHODS The DEA model is performed in two stages. In the first stage, the contagion control efficiency is analysed whereas in the second stage the medical treatment efficiency is evaluated. Moreover, the countries are classified into the four zone by using the area chart. For the countries in each zones, some recommendations are given. RESULTS Luxembourg has a poor performance in contagion control. In addition, Denmark and Iceland have a good performance in medical treatment of COVID-19 patients in comparison to other countries in the study. Malta, Montenegro, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Netherlands and Norway are in Area 1, showing that these countries have been acted efficiently both in contagion control and medical treatment of the patients. Italy, Spain, Iceland and Portugal are in Area 2. These countries have had good performance in medical treatment but they have had controlled the contagion inefficiently. The countries which have been acted inefficiently both in contagion control and medical treatment of the patients are in Area 3. Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Switzerland and Turkey are in critical conditions in this manner. Lastly, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, France, Germany and Croatia are in Area 4. These countries have been successful in providing a good performance in contagion control but they have had poor performance in medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS The countries are classified in to the four zones according to their performance. Countries in Area 1 has a high performance in both contagion control and medical treatment. All the other countries should follow the footprints of the countries in Area 1. In addition, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Switzerland and Turkey are in critical conditions and need a special attention.

scholarly journals Eco-Efficiency Assessment for Some European Countries Using Slacks-Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Nan Wang ◽  
Hsien-Pin Hsu ◽  
Yen-Hui Wang ◽  
Tri-Tung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Energy Inputs

One problem raised by the lack of energy efficiency is the generation of more greenhouse gases (GHGs) that can cause air pollution and climate change. Ecological efficiency (eco-efficiency) means the efficiency of resources used. A poor performance from this efficiency can then be detected for further improvement. In this research, we conduct an assessment on the eco-efficiency for some European countries as they consume a large part of global energy annually. A total of 17 European countries were selected as decision making units (DMUs) and assessed by the Slacks-based measure (SBM) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. Indices including Catch-Up, Frontier-Shift, and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) have been used to evaluate eco-efficiency, as well as efficiency change, technological change, and productivity change, over 2013–2017. In the model, energy consumption and share of renewable energy are used as energy inputs, and labor productivity and gross capital formation are used as economy inputs. On the other hand, GDP is used as a desired output, and CO2 emissions is used as one undesired output. The experimental results show that the 17 countries as a whole lacked eco-efficiency in 2013–2017, implying more efforts are required to improve their eco-efficiency.

Applications of Energy Dissipation Technologies in Reconstruction After 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xilin Lu ◽  
Ying Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Dissipation Devices ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
New Buildings

On May 12, 2008 a magnitude of MW 8.0 earthquake hit Wenchuan in China. The earthquake engineering specialists’ reaction to the earthquake can be divided into two stages. At the first stage, immediately following the event, they spent day to day in the field surveying the damage to buildings and evaluating the performance of structures. Based on those results, the second stage for the post-quake reconstruction started. Earthquake engineering experts devoted themselves to designing the new buildings and strengthening the damaged buildings. In the design of new buildings, new national codes were published with higher protection levels of earthquake ground motions in the quake-hit area and sustainable development concept was applied by using recycled materials of building waste to avoid further damages to environment in the area of strong earthquakes. In the retrofitting of the damaged buildings, energy dissipation devices are more acceptable than before by decision-makers for its high performance. This paper introduces engineering cases of energy dissipation technologies applied in the new and retrofit project. It is shown that, through the applications of these advanced technologies, the structural performance is effectively enhanced.

scholarly journals MODELO DE ANÁLISIS ENVOLVENTE DE DATOS (DEA) PARA EVALUAR LA EFICIENCIA DE LAS ESCUELAS PROFESIONALES DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL EN EL PERÚ CON ENFOQUE DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Gloria T. Huamaní ◽  
Salutiniano A. Huamani ◽  
Joaquin M. Salcedo ◽  
César A. Fernadez
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Professional Schools ◽  
University Ranking ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Two Stages

Este documento propone una metodología para formular un Modelo de Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) para evaluar la eficiencia de carreras de Ingeniería Industrial en el Perú con enfoque de desarrollo sostenible. Este estudio comprende dos etapas, la primera corresponde a la identificación de variables de entradas y de salidas, a partir de otros estudios DEA aplicados en la educación superior, revisión de criterios utilizados en ranking de universidades, SUNEDU y ABET. En una segunda etapa, se propone tres modelos cuya aplicación se restringe a la disponibilidad de datos e información.. Palabras clave.-esarrollo sostenible, Análisis envolvente de datos (DEA), evaluación de la eficiencia de Escuelas Profesionales. ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a methodology to formulate a Model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency of Industrial Engineering careers in Peru with a sustainable development approach. This study comprises two stages, the first one corresponds to the identification of input and output variables, based on other DEA studies applied in higher education, revision of criteria used in university ranking´s, SUNEDU and ABET. In a second stage, three models are proposed whose application is restricted to the availability of data and information. Keywords.-Sustainable Development, Enveloping Data Analysis (DEA), Efficiency Assessment of Professional Schools.

scholarly journals Improve The Performance of K-means by using Genetic Algorithm for Classification Heart Attack

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asraa Abdullah Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Work Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Stages

In this research the k-means method was used for classification purposes after it was improved using genetic algorithms. An automated classification system for heart attack was implemented based on the intelligent recruitment of computer capabilities at the same time characterized by high performance based on (270) real cases stored within a globally database known (Statlog). The proposed system aims to support the efforts of staff in medical felid to reduce the diagnostic errors committed by doctors who do not have sufficient experience or because of the fatigue that the doctor suffers as a result of work pressure. The proposed system goes through two stages: in the first-stage genetic algorithm is used to select important features that have a strong influence in the classification process. These features forms the inputs to the K-means method in the second-stage which uses the selected features to divide the database into two groups one of them contain cases infected with the disease while the other group contains the correct cases depending on the distance Euclidean. The comparison of performance for the method (K-means) before and after addition genetic algorithm shows that the accuracy of the classification improves remarkably where the accuracy of classification was raised from (68..1481) in the case of use (k- means only) to (84.741) when improved the method by using genetic algorithm.

scholarly journals AN INTEGRATED FUZZY AHP/DEA APPROACH FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TERRITORIAL UNITS IN TURKEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1280-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Çalik ◽  
Nimet Yapici Pehlivan ◽  
Cengiz Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Due to the differences between regions and sub-regions in the countries, some problems come out especially in economic and social life. The issue of differences of regions has been widely implemented to evaluate the economic performance of Turkey in many disciplines. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of 26 sub-regions of NUTS-2 classification using integration Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The integrated FAHP/DEA method comprises two stages. In the first stage, linguistic terms are used to determine the decision makers’ opinion and are converted to quantitative forms by using FAHP methods. Subsequently, in the second stage, DEA method is applied to obtain relative efficiency of sub-regions in Turkey. The integrated FAHP/DEA method is illustrated with a real case study.

scholarly journals Efficiency of banks in Malaysia: A super efficiency approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450
Author(s):  
Maznah Mat Kasim ◽  
Razamin Ramli ◽  
Md. Azizul Baten ◽  
Jastini Mohd Jamil ◽  
Mushtaq Taleb
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Super Efficiency ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Sbm Model ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Dea Models ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Two Stages

The stability of the economic system of a country very much depends on its banking industry. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been applied widely for measuring efficiency of banks. Limited studies, however, have employed the radial and non-radial DEA models to evaluate efficiency of banks without considering the ranking of the fully efficient banks since those banks have the same efficiency score. Considering the weakness of the radial and non-radial DEA, this paper aims to calculate the banks efficiency of nine commercial banks in Malaysia from 2004 to 2013 by adopting the two-stage of super efficiency slack-based measure (SE-SBM) model. This model can discriminate between the efficient banks and recalculate their efficiency scores. Then, the selected banks were able to be ranked according to their final efficiency scores. Moreover, comparative analyses of the efficiency of the banks and the year-wise efficiency of the selected banks were also conducted. The methodology consists of two stages.  In the first stage the SBM model is run to classify efficient and inefficient banks. In the second stage the super efficiency model is run to rank the efficient banks obtained from the first stage by calculating their super efficiency scores. Our empirical results show that: (1) the efficiency status of the banks fluctuated over the examined period, the high number of the efficient banks is achieved in the years 2006 and 2008, while the year 2012 has the lowest number of the efficient banks. (2) the ranking of the banks fluctuated in the studied period. (3) most of the banks are inefficient in terms of their average efficiency scores. This paper has two limitations. First, the paper did not integrate undesirable output, despite it deals with non-interest income. Second, performance evaluation of Malaysian commercial banks was only compared among the Malaysian banks.

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

Analisis Kebutuhan Petunjuk Praktikum Berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains untuk Mencapai Kemampuan Merancang Eksperimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriah Khoirunnisa ◽  
Friska Septiani Silitonga ◽  
Veri Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Core Competence ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Science Process Skills ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Core Competence ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Practical Instruction ◽  
Design Experiments

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan petunjuk praktikum berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) untuk mencapai kemampuan merancang eksperimen pada materi kalor reaksi kalorimetri. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Kota Tanjungpinang. Variabel penelitian mencakup analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dan analisis kesesuaian Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD). Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tahapan pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dengan cara membandingkan dua petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini telah digunakan di sekolah tersebut, ditinjau dari aspek struktur format penulisan, aspek kreativitas, dan aspek keterampilan proses sains yang terdapat dalam petunjuk praktikum. Sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini digunakan tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didiknya untuk merancang eksperimen yang telah ditentukan. Tahapan kedua yaitu menganalisis kesesuaian kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar, yang bertujuan untuk menentukan indikator pencapaian kompetensi (IPK) yang akan menjadi acuan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum berbasis keterampilan proses sains. Dari kedua tahapan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik memerlukan petunjuk praktikum yang mampu mengonstruksi pikiran dan mengaktifkan kinerja mereka, sehingga pendekatan Keterampilan Proses Sains menjadi pilihan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum yang sesuai dengan karakteristik kurikulum 2013.   This research aims to analyze the needs of Science Process Skills based Practical Instruction to achieve the ability to design experiments on the calor of reaction. This research was done to the students of class XI SMA Negeri 2 Tanjungpinang City. Research Variable includes the analysis of the needs of the learning materials and analysis of the suitability of the Core Competence (KI) and Basic Competence (KD). The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative research. The first stages in this research is to analyze the needs of learning materials by comparing two practical instructions that had been implementing in the school, from the aspects of the structure of writing format, creativity, and science process skills embedded in practical instructions. The conclusion of this research that current practical instructions does not give an opportunity to the participants to design determined experiments. The second stage, namely analyzing the suitability of core competence and basic competence, which aims to determine the indicators of achievement of the competencies (GPA) which will be a reference in developing process skills-based teaching instructions science. Of the two stages that has been done then it can be concluded that learners need practical instructions to construct  thinking and and their performance, so the Science Process Skills approach is an option in developing practical instruction suitable for the characteristics of the curriculum of 2013.

ESTIMATING GAS AND ROCK OUTBURST RISK ON THE BASIS OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE – THE EXPERT SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Skoczylas
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Outburst Hazard

Abstract The Author endeavored to consult some of the Polish experts who deal with assessing and preventing outburst hazards as to their knowledge and experience. On the basis of this knowledge, an expert system, based on fuzzy logic, was created. The system allows automatic assessment of outburst hazard. The work was completed in two stages. The first stage involved researching relevant sources and rules concerning outburst hazard, and, subsequently, determining a number of parameters measured or observed in the mining industry that are potentially connected with the outburst phenomenon and can be useful when estimating outburst hazard. Then, the Author contacted selected experts who are actively involved in preventing outburst hazard, both in the industry and science field. The experts were anonymously surveyed, which made it possible to select the parameters which are the most essential in assessing outburst hazard. The second stage involved gaining knowledge from the experts by means of a questionnaire-interview. Subjective opinions on estimating outburst hazard on the basis of the parameters selected during the first stage were then systematized using the structures typical of the expert system based on fuzzy logic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document