Readiness assessment in the transition to an entirely digital immunization registry in Ha Noi and Son La provinces, Vietnam (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Hong Duong ◽  
Nga Nguyen ◽  
Sang Dao ◽  
Huyen Dang ◽  
Linh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
End Users ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Immunization Information System

BACKGROUND Vietnam is one of the first low-middle-income countries to develop and implement a national-scale EIR. This system was finalized into the national immunization information system (NIIS), and scaled-up to a national level system in 2017. As a result, immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccinations has drastically improved. The time spent on planning and reporting vaccinations has drastically reduced, and as a result is more accurate and effective. However, to date, end-users have been tasked with managing both NIIS and paper-based systems in parallel until a formal assessment on the readiness to fully transition to NIIS was conducted. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the readiness to move entirely to a digital national immunization information system (NIIS), in two provinces in Vietnam, Ha Noi and Son La. METHODS All health facilities were surveyed to assess their infrastructure, capacity and need of human resources. NIIS end-users were observed and interviewed to evaluate their NIIS knowledge and skill-sets. Data from immunization cards and facility paper-based log-books were compared to data in NIIS, and vaccine stocks at selected facilities were tallied and compared with data in the NIIS. RESULTS Of the 990 health facilities evaluated, most used NIIS to enter and track immunizations (99.7%) and vaccine stocks (90.8%). Majority had stable electricity (98.1%), had at least one computer (99.6%) and had two trained NIIS end-users or more (83.3%). End-users reported that the NIIS supported them in managing and reporting immunization data and saving them time (90%). Although many end-users were able to perform basic skills, almost half struggled with more complex tasks. Immunization data is compiled from the NIIS and immunization cards (89%) and paper-based log-books (91%). However, only 54% of immunization IDs matched, 56.5% of BCG vaccinations were accurate, and 70% of the facilities had consistent physical vaccine stock balances. Feedback received from NIIS end-users suggests that more supportive supervision, frequent refresher trainings to strengthen their skill-sets, and detailed standardized guides to improve data quality are needed. CONCLUSIONS The readiness to transition to a digital system was promising. However, additional resources are required to address timeliness, completeness, and accuracy of the data.

scholarly journals Change in Measles Vaccine Coverage and Estimated Impact on Measles Mortality in Low and Middle Income Countries, 2020: An Investigation into Secondary Public Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Lives Saved Tool

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Claire Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Lives Saved Tool ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

With the global COVID-19 pandemic, many public health services were severely disrupted. Estimating the overall health effects of this is difficult as most disease surveillance systems have also been substantially affected during the pandemic. For some diseases, this effect is mitigated by the methods enacted to fight the pandemic, such as use of facial coverings, social distancing and quarantine, but measles is infectious to the degree that this mitigation is likely to be limited. Thus, outbreaks and an increase in global measles mortality are expected. However, the severity of this impact is not yet known. In early 2020, a study by Roberton and colleagues predicted an additional 12,360 to 37,920 deaths in children under-five worldwide from measles over the coming year based on three potential levels of vaccine coverage reductions ranging from 18.5 to 51.9%. Our study investigates the magnitude of the increase in measles mortality due to decreased vaccine coverage because of COVID-19, based on official estimates of 2020 measles vaccine coverage from WHO/UNICEF released in July 2021. Using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST), an interventions modeling program, we estimated measles mortality for low/middle income countries (LMICs) based on the 2020 WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage (WUENIC). Because these calculations use actual reported vaccine coverage, they provide a more accurate picture of measles mortality related to COVID-19 disruptions in 2020. Using the WUENIC data, LiST predicted fewer additional deaths in 2020 due to decreases in measles vaccine coverage than estimations made by LiST based on Roberton, 2020 due to remarkable recovery efforts by national immunization programmes in the second half of 2020.

scholarly journals Structural and procedural conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brener Santos Silva ◽  
Kátia Cristina de Souza ◽  
Ronimara Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Samuel Barroso Rodrigues ◽  
Valéria Conceição de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
System Establishment ◽  
Immunization Information System ◽  
Program Information

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze structural and process conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted in 307 vaccination rooms in the state of Minas Gerais in 2017. For data collection, a multidimensional questionnaire was used. Descriptive data analysis was performed. Results: vaccination rooms have basic inputs necessary for System establishment. The greatest problems relate to professional practice. Low enrollment of population, failures in the active search for absentees, vaccine scheduling and absence of reports to monitor vaccination coverage were identified. Training was considered insufficient and ineffective. Conclusions: Immunization Information System is an essential technological innovation for the management of immunization actions. However, the production of timely records and the use of information are still challenges. Investments in training are required to ensure System’s management and operationalization activities.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Rotavirus Immunization Coverage in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendalem Asmare Atalell ◽  
Kefyalew Alene ◽  
Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
National Level ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
African Countries

Abstract Introduction: Rotavirus immunization prevents severe diarrheal diseases in children, but vaccination coverage is still far from desired targets in many African countries including Ethiopia. Measuring rotavirus immunization coverage at a lower geographic area can provide information for designing and implementing a targeted immunization campaign. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of rotavirus immunizations coverage in Ethiopia. Methods Rotavirus immunization coverage data were obtained from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2019. Covariate data were assembled from different publicly available sources. A Bayesian geostatistic model was used to estimate the national rotavirus immunization coverage at a pixel level and to identify factors associated with the spatial clustering of immunization coverages. Result The national rotavirus immunization coverage in Ethiopia was 52.3% (95% CI: 50.3, 54.3). The immunization coverage varied substantially at the sub-national level with spatial clustering of low immunization coverage observed in the Eastern, Southeastern, and Northeastern parts of Ethiopia. The spatial clustering of the rotavirus immunization coverage was positively associated with altitude of the area (mean regression coefficient (β): 0.38; 95% credible interval (95% CrI): 0.18, 0.58) and negatively associated with travel time to the nearest cities in minutes (mean regression coefficient (β): -0.45; 95% credible interval (95% CrI): (-0.73, -0.18) and distance to the nearest health facilities (mean regression coefficient (β): -0.72; 95% credible interval (95% CrI): (-1.07, -0.37). Conclusions This study found that the rotavirus immunization coverage varied substantially at sub-national and local levels in Ethiopia. The spatial clustering of rotavirus immunization coverage was associated with geographic and healthcare access factors such as altitude, distance to health facilities, and travel time to the nearest cities. The immunization program should be strengthened in Ethiopia, especially in the Eastern, Southeastern, and Northeastern parts of the Country. Outreach immunizations services should be also implemented in areas with low coverage.

The Impact of Covid 19 on Pregnant Women and Child Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1367-1373
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sanjay Mujbaile ◽  
Smita Damke
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Separation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
General Wellbeing

The Covid illness (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly all through the world and has had a drawn-out impact. The Pandemic has done incredible damage to society and made genuine mental injury to numerous individuals. Mental emergencies frequently cause youngsters to deliver sentiments of relinquishment, despondency, insufficiency, and fatigue and even raise the danger of self-destruction. Youngsters with psychological instabilities are particularly powerless during the isolate and colonial removing period. Convenient and proper assurances are expected to forestall the event of mental and social issues. The rising advanced applications and wellbeing administrations, for example, telehealth, web-based media, versatile wellbeing, and far off intuitive online instruction can connect the social separation and backing mental and conduct wellbeing for youngsters. Because of the mental advancement qualities of youngsters, this investigation additionally outlines intercessions on the mental effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Further difficulties in Low Middle-Income Countries incorporate the failure to actualize successful general wellbeing estimates, for example, social separating, hand cleanliness, definitive distinguishing proof of contaminated individuals with self-disconnection and widespread utilization of covers The aberrant impacts of the Pandemic on youngster wellbeing are of extensive concern, including expanding neediness levels, upset tutoring, absence of admittance to the class taking care of plans, decreased admittance to wellbeing offices and breaks in inoculation and other kid wellbeing programs. Kept tutoring is critical for kids in Low Middle-Income Countries. Arrangement of safe situations is mainly testing in packed asset obliged schools. 

Risk Factors of Mortality Among Patients with Stroke in Low Middle-Income Countries:  A Series of 180 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larrey Kamabu ◽  
Hervé Monka Lekuya ◽  
Bienvenu Muhindo Kasusula ◽  
Nicole Kavugho Mutimani ◽  
Louange Maha Kathaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

Defining Preterm Birth and Stillbirth in the Western Pacific: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110260
Author(s):  
Mairead Connolly ◽  
Laura Phung ◽  
Elise Farrington ◽  
Michelle J. L. Scoullar ◽  
Alyce N. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Preterm birth and stillbirth are important global perinatal health indicators. Definitions of these indicators can differ between countries, affecting comparability of preterm birth and stillbirth rates across countries. This study aimed to document national-level adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of preterm birth and stillbirth in the WHO Western Pacific region. A systematic search of government health websites and 4 electronic databases was conducted. Any official report or published study describing the national definition of preterm birth or stillbirth published between 2000 and 2020 was eligible for inclusion. A total of 58 data sources from 21 countries were identified. There was considerable variation in how preterm birth and stillbirth was defined across the region. The most frequently used lower gestational age threshold for viability of preterm birth was 28 weeks gestation (range 20-28 weeks), and stillbirth was most frequently classified from 20 weeks gestation (range 12-28 weeks). High-income countries more frequently used earlier gestational ages for preterm birth and stillbirth compared with low- to middle-income countries. The findings highlight the importance of clear, standardized, internationally comparable definitions for perinatal indicators. Further research is needed to determine the impact on regional preterm birth and stillbirth rates.

Efficacy of Brief Intervention for harmful and hazardous alcohol use: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies from Low Middle‐Income countries

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Ghosh ◽  
Pranshu Singh ◽  
Nileswar Das ◽  
Pranbhat Mani Pandit ◽  
Sauvik Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

scholarly journals Safer primary healthcare facilities are needed to protect healthcare workers and maintain essential services: lessons learned from a multicountry COVID-19 emergency response initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e005833
Author(s):  
Leena N Patel ◽  
Samantha Kozikott ◽  
Rodrigue Ilboudo ◽  
Moreen Kamateeka ◽  
Mohammed Lamorde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
National Level ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Facility Level ◽  
Ensure Patient Safety ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Facility Level

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2 and other disease pathogens, which take a disproportionate toll on HCWs, with substantial cost to health systems. Improved infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes can protect HCWs, especially in resource-limited settings where the health workforce is scarcest, and ensure patient safety and continuity of essential health services. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we collaborated with ministries of health and development partners to implement an emergency initiative for HCWs at the primary health facility level in 22 African countries. Between April 2020 and January 2021, the initiative trained 42 058 front-line HCWs from 8444 health facilities, supported longitudinal supervision and monitoring visits guided by a standardised monitoring tool, and provided resources including personal protective equipment (PPE). We documented significant short-term improvements in IPC performance, but gaps remain. Suspected HCW infections peaked at 41.5% among HCWs screened at monitored facilities in July 2020 during the first wave of the pandemic in Africa. Disease-specific emergency responses are not the optimal approach. Comprehensive, sustainable IPC programmes are needed. IPC needs to be incorporated into all HCW training programmes and combined with supportive supervision and mentorship. Strengthened data systems on IPC are needed to guide improvements at the health facility level and to inform policy development at the national level, along with investments in infrastructure and sustainable supplies of PPE. Multimodal strategies to improve IPC are critical to make health facilities safer and to protect HCWs and the communities they serve.

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