scholarly journals Nutritional Implications of Baby-Led Weaning and Baby Food Pouches as Novel Methods of Infant Feeding: Protocol for an Observational Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Taylor ◽  
Cathryn Conlon ◽  
Kathryn Beck ◽  
Pamela von Hurst ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Feeding Behaviours

BACKGROUND The complementary feeding period is a time of unparalleled dietary change for every human, during which the diet changes from one that is 100% milk to a diet that resembles that of the wider family, in less than a year. Despite this major dietary shift, we know relatively little about food and nutrient intake in infants worldwide, and virtually nothing about the impact of baby food ‘pouches’ and ‘Baby-Led Weaning’ (BLW); infant feeding approaches that are becoming increasingly popular. Pouches are squeezable containers with a plastic spout that have great appeal for parents, as evidenced by their extraordinary market share worldwide. Baby-Led Weaning is an alternative approach to introducing solids that promotes the infant self-feeding whole foods rather than being fed purées, and is popular and widely advocated on social media. The nutritional and health impacts of these novel methods of infant feeding have not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE The aim of the First Foods New Zealand study is to determine the iron status, growth, food and nutrient intakes, breast milk intake, eating and feeding behaviours, dental health, oral motor skills, and choking risk, of New Zealand infants in general, and of those using pouches or BLW compared to those who are not. METHODS Dietary intake (two 24-hour recalls supplemented with food photographs), iron status (haemoglobin, plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor), weight status (body mass index), food pouch use and extent of BLW (questionnaire), breast milk intake (deuterium oxide ‘dose-to-mother’ technique), eating and feeding behaviours (questionnaires and video recording of an evening meal), dental health (photographs of upper and lower teeth for counting of caries and developmental defects of enamel), oral motor skills (questionnaires), and choking risk (questionnaire) will be assessed in 625 infants aged 7.0-9.9 months. Propensity score matching will be used to address bias caused by differences in demographics between groups so that the results more closely represent a potential causal effect. RESULTS This observational study has full ethical approval from the Health and Disability Ethics Committees New Zealand (19/STH/151) and was funded in May 2019 by the Health Research Council (HRC) of New Zealand (grant 19/172). Data collection commenced in July 2020 and first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2022. CONCLUSIONS This large study will provide much needed data on the implications for nutritional intake and health of the use of baby food pouches, and BLW, in infancy. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (www.anzctr.org.au, registration number: ACTRN12620000459921).

scholarly journals Nutritional Implications of Baby-Led Weaning and Baby Food Pouches as Novel Methods of Infant Feeding: Protocol for an Observational Study (Preprint)

10.2196/29048 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Taylor ◽  
Cathryn Conlon ◽  
Kathryn Beck ◽  
Pamela von Hurst ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Feeding Protocol

‘Missing milk’: an exploration of migrant mothers’ experiences of infant feeding in the UK

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Louise Condon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Feeding Behaviours

This chapter explores the experiences of parents born abroad who are raising a child in the United Kingdom. It is recognised that work, paid and unpaid, can pose challenges to exclusive and even partial breastfeeding, and such challenges are exacerbated when mothers are migrants and live in precarious social and financial circumstances. A complex mixture of factors influences infant feeding behaviours, including ethnicity, health beliefs, and financial demands; and the economic necessity to return to work soon after delivery has been previously identified as a factor reducing migrant women's ability to breastfeed. Who migrants are and what is known about their breastfeeding and weaning behaviours are addressed, and the chapter then reflects upon two empirical studies conducted with migrant parents in the South West of England. In this way, the voices of migrants from a variety of migrant backgrounds are heard and their experiences explored in depth. Throughout the chapter the concept of ‘missing milk’ is also discussed, and the consequences for babies, parents, and society raised. ‘Missing milk’ is the breast milk that babies would customarily have received, which has decreased following migration.

scholarly journals Infant feeding in the second 6 months of life related to iron status: an observational study

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hopkins ◽  
P. Emmett ◽  
C. Steer ◽  
I. Rogers ◽  
S. Noble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Iron Status

scholarly journals Ethnic variance in iron status: is it related to dietary intake?

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare R Wall ◽  
Deborah R Brunt ◽  
Cameron C Grant
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveIn New Zealand (NZ), Fe deficiency (ID) is present in 14 % of children aged <2 years. Prevalence varies with ethnicity (NZ European 7 %, Pacific 17 %, Maori 20 %). We describe dietary Fe intake, how this varies with ethnicity and whether intake predicts Fe status.DesignA random sample of children aged 6–23 months. Usual Fe intake and dietary sources were estimated from 2 d weighed food records. Associations were determined between adequacy of Fe intake, as measured by the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and ID.SubjectsSampling was stratified by ethnicity. Dietary and blood analysis data were available for 247 children.ResultsThe median daily Fe intake was 8·3 mg (age 6–11 months) and 6·3 mg (age 12–23 months). Breast milk and milk formulas (median 58 %; age 6–11 months), and cereals (41 %) and fruit and vegetables (17 %; age 12–23 months), were the predominant dietary sources of Fe. Fe intake was below the EAR for 25 % of the children. Not meeting the EAR increased the risk of ID for children aged 6–11 months (relative risk = 18·45, 95 % CI 3·24, 100·00) and 12–23 months (relative risk = 4·95, 95 % CI 1·59, 15·41). In comparison with NZ European, Pacific children had a greater daily Fe intake (P = 0·04) and obtained a larger proportion of Fe from meat and meat dishes (P = 0·02).ConclusionsA significant proportion of young NZ children have inadequate dietary Fe intake. This inadequate intake increases the risk of ID. Ethnic differences in Fe intake do not explain the increased risk of ID for Pacific children.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI pada Ibu yang Mempunyai Bayi 6-24 Bulan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Nurbaiti Nurbaiti ◽  
Gustina Gustina
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Survey Approach

Growth in infants and nutritional problems in children are often caused by the inaccuracy of parents in their habits of inappropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding, and mothers are less aware that babies aged 6 months already need complementary feeding. mothers in good quantity and quality. At the age of 6 months apart from breastmilk, the baby can start to be given complementary foods, because at this age the baby already has a chewing reflex with stronger digestion. In giving baby food, it is necessary to pay attention to the punctuality of delivery, frequency, type, quantity, foodstuff, and method of manufacture, improper infant feeding habits, such as feeding too early or too late, insufficient food given and inadequate frequency. this can have an impact on the health and nutritional status of the baby. Based on the data obtained from the health office, it is known that from 12 districts the prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition based on the BB / U indicator is 17.2% and based on the TB / U indicator is 20.2%. This community service aims to provide information and improve the skills of mothers in complementary feeding of breast milk. This community service was carried out in the Work Area of the Simpang Kawat Puskesmas, at the time of January 2020 the service method used a survey approach, lectures and discussions. The results obtained by mothers can understand the meaning of complementary foods for breast milk, the benefits of complementary foods for breast milk and the schedule for which they are given.

The Use of Whole Cow's Milk in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Iron Deficient

The pediatrician is faced with a difficult challenge in providing recommendations for optimal nutrition in older infants. Because the milk (or formula) portion of the diet represents 35% to 100% of total daily calories and because WCM and breast milk or infant formula differ markedly in composition, the selection of a milk or formula has a great impact on nutrient intake. Infants fed WCM have low intakes of iron, linoleic acid, and vitamin E, and excessive intakes of sodium, potassium, and protein, illustrating the poor nutritional compatibility of solid foods and WCM. These nutrient intakes are not optimal and may result in altered nutritional status, with the most dramatic effect on iron status. Infants fed iron-fortified formula or breast milk for the first 12 months of life generally maintain normal iron status. No studies have concluded that the introduction of WCM into the diet at 6 months of age produces adequate iron status in later infancy; however, recent studies have demonstrated that iron status is significantly impaired when WCM is introduced into the diet of 6-month-old infants. Data from studies abroad of highly iron-deficient infant populations suggest that infants fed partially modified milk formulas with supplemental iron in a highly bioavailable form (ferrous sulfate) may maintain adequate iron status. However, these studies do not address the overall nutritional adequacy of the infant's diet. Such formulas have not been studied in the United States. Optimal nutrition of the infant involves selecting the appropriate milk source and eventually introducing infant solid foods. To achieve this goal, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be fed breast milk for the first 6 to 12 months. The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is iron-fortified infant formula. Appropriate solid foods should be added between the ages of 4 and 6 months. Consumption of breast milk or iron-fortified formula, along with age-appropriate solid foods and juices, during the first 12 months of life allows for more balanced nutrition. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that whole cow's milk and low-iron formulas not be used during the first year of life.

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