Applicants’ Qualification to Correct Discrimination of Non-regular Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Gabyeong Noh
Keyword(s):  
Correct Discrimination

Learning as a Function of Subliminal Reinforcements

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-398
Author(s):  
Austin Jones ◽  
Melvin Manis ◽  
Bernard Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Probability Learning ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Stimulus Category ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Tachistoscopic Presentation ◽  
Stimulus Classes ◽  
Learning Trials ◽  
Correct Discrimination

Three studies were conducted to assess the effects of subliminal reinforcements on learning. In the first two, Ss were given a discrimination task in which five geometric forms, repeated over 100 trials, were to be assigned to one of two categories. The categories were unbalanced; four geometric forms comprised one category, the remaining form the other. Response was required on each trial. Immediately after each response, the appropriate reinforcing word, “Right” or “Wrong,” was flashed at a subliminal brightness-contrast In Exp. I, under low motivation (without money incentives), Ss showed no learning of the correct discrimination, nor any evidence of probability learning with respect to relative frequency of stimulus categories. In Exp. II, the above procedure was replicated with money as the incentive. There again was no evidence of discrimination learning, i.e., acquisition of the correct response. There was, however, a significant linear trend ( p < .05) in the proportion of responses made to the more frequent stimulus category; Ss showed an increasing tendency to “match” the relative frequency of their two classes of response with the corresponding two stimulus classes. In Exp. III, Ss who were motivated by a money incentive attempted to guess whether E was thinking of an odd or an even number. Following each response, Ss were reinforced by tachistoscopic presentation of the word “Right” or “Wrong,” at time intervals which were too brief to permit recognition; half of the Ss were positively reinforced for emitting the response “Odd,” and half for the response “Even.” After 100 learning trials had been completed, the reinforcement contingencies were switched for an additional 20 trials, e.g., Ss who had been reinforced for “Odd” were now reinforced for “Even.” Ss in Exp. III showed no evidence of probability learning. Some possible explanations for the conflicting results of Exps. II and III were discussed.

Improving the performance of the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods in recognizing the native structure of the Bcl-2 family using the interaction entropy method

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 4240-4251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susu Zhong ◽  
Kaifang Huang ◽  
Song Luo ◽  
Shuheng Dong ◽  
Lili Duan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Native Structure ◽  
Correct Discrimination

Correct discrimination of native structure plays an important role in drug design. IE method significantly improves the performance of MM/PB(GB)SA method in discriminating native and decoy structures in protein–ligand/protein systems of Bcl-2 family.

scholarly journals Implementation of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Peak Analysis: Application to the Discrimination of Cryptococcus neoformans Species Complex and Their Interspecies Hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Margarita E. Zvezdanova ◽  
Manuel J. Arroyo ◽  
Gema Méndez ◽  
Jesús Guinea ◽  
Luis Mancera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids ◽  
Correct Discrimination ◽  
Tof Ms

Matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been widely implemented for the rapid identification of microorganisms. Although most bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi can be accurately identified with this method, some closely related species still represent a challenge for MALDI-TOF MS. In this study, two MALDI-TOF-based approaches were applied for discrimination at the species-level of isolates belonging to the Cryptococcus neoformans complex, previously characterized by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region: (i) an expanded database was built with 26 isolates from the main Cryptococcus species found in our setting (C. neoformans, C. deneoformans and AFLP3 interspecies hybrids) and (ii) peak analysis and data modeling were applied to the protein spectra of the analyzed Cryptococcus isolates. The implementation of the in-house database did not allow for the discrimination of the interspecies hybrids. However, the performance of peak analysis with the application of supervised classifiers (partial least squares-discriminant analysis and support vector machine) in a two-step analysis allowed for the 96.95% and 96.55% correct discrimination of C. neoformans from the interspecies hybrids, respectively. In addition, PCA analysis prior to support vector machine (SVM) provided 98.45% correct discrimination of the three analyzed species in a one-step analysis. This novel method is cost-efficient, rapid and user-friendly. The procedure can also be automatized for an optimized implementation in the laboratory routine.

scholarly journals A Privacy-Oriented Approach for Depression Signs Detection Based on Speech Analysis

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 2986
Author(s):  
Federica Vitale ◽  
Bruno Carbonaro ◽  
Gennaro Cordasco ◽  
Anna Esposito ◽  
Stefano Marrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Low Computational Cost ◽  
Correct Discrimination ◽  
Depressive States ◽  
Oriented Approach

Currently, AI-based assistive technologies, particularly those involving sensitive data, such as systems for detecting mental illness and emotional disorders, are full of confidentiality, integrity, and security compromises. In the aforesaid context, this work proposes an algorithm for detecting depressive states based on only three never utilized speech markers. This reduced number of markers offers a valuable protection of personal (sensitive) data by not allowing for the retrieval of the speaker’s identity. The proposed speech markers are derived from the analysis of pitch variations measured in speech data obtained through a tale reading task performed by typical and depressed subjects. A sample of 22 subjects (11 depressed and 11 healthy, according to both psychiatric diagnosis and BDI classification) were involved. The reading wave files were listened to and split into a sequence of intervals, each lasting two seconds. For each subject’s reading and each reading interval, the average pitch, the pitch variation (T), the average pitch variation (A), and the inversion percentage (also called the oscillation percentage O) were automatically computed. The values of the triplet (Ti, Ai, Oi) for the i-th subject provide, all together, a 100% correct discrimination between the speech produced by typical and depressed individuals, while requiring a very low computational cost and offering a valuable protection of personal data.

The Effect of Splitting part of the Brain or Removal of the Median Inferior Frontal Lobe on Touch Learning in Octopus

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-526
Author(s):  
M. J. WELLS ◽  
J. Z. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Tactile Discrimination ◽  
Learning Mechanism ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
Smooth Objects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Correct Discrimination ◽  
Good Transfer

1. Octopuses with the whole supraoesophageal lobe divided in the mid-line show a lesser preference for smooth objects than normals. 2. Learning of a simple successive tactile discrimination can proceed as fast in such a half-brain as in a whole brain. 3. Animals in which the anterior part of the supraoesophageal lobe alone was split also learned approximately as fast as normals. When tested on the untrained side they showed at most slight signs of ‘transfer’. The unsplit vertical lobe system apparently mediates little transfer, either of learning to take or not to take an object. 4. Animals with the posterior part of the supraoesophageal lobe alone split learned less well than normals or those with anterior splits, the deficit being due to the large number of takes of the negative object. Tests on the untrained side showed that good transfer of the capacity for positive and negative learned response occurred through the intact inferior frontal commissures. 5. Animals without the median inferior frontal lobe showed a marked preference for rough objects. Of six trained with smooth positive only two showed increasingly correct discrimination. Four out of seven animals trained with rough positive showed an increasingly correct performance as a result of training. The performance of the others got worse as training proceeded. It is not clear whether this learning deficit is due to the excessive rough preference or to the absence of some part of the learning mechanism owing to removal of the median inferior frontal lobe. 6. Tests on the untrained side of animals without median inferior frontal show no capacity to discriminate. This shows that the median inferior frontal is vital to lateral transfer and confirms that learning cannot readily be transferred through the vertical lobe system.

ROR-1 Is a Highly Discriminative Marker in Flow Cytometric Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Detection in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 3197-3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Patz ◽  
Barbara Pentok ◽  
Kathrin Cremer ◽  
Stefanie Linnartz ◽  
Esther Lilienweiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Discrimination Analysis ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Correct Discrimination ◽  
Minimal Residual

Abstract Introduction:With the advent of new potent therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) minimal residual disease (MRD) detection becomes increasingly important to assess remission depth. While molecular MRD detection for CLL remains laborious and time consuming flow cytometry is a fast, economic and sensitive method in detecting low frequencies of CLL cells. The usefulness of the antigens CD81, CD5, CD20, CD43 and CD79b has been previously described for this purpose. ROR-1 has recently been identified as a signature gene in CLL and mantle cell lymphoma. The potential utility of ROR-1 in flow cytometric minimal residual cell analysis has not been evaluated yet. Methods: 10 normal samples and 77 remnants of randomly selected samples from diagnosed patients undergoing CLL therapy were analyzed by flow cytometry. A customized dry formulation of an antibody panel was used, comprising antibodies directed against CD5, CD19, CD20, CD43, CD45, CD79b, CD81 and ROR-1 (DuraClone RE CLB). Linearity, repeatability and inter-operator variability of data analysis of the method were examined. B cell populations comprising at least 50 positive events (46 normal B cell populations, 25 CLL populations, paired and unpaired) were analyzed for their expression profile as assessed by respective mean fluorescence intensities of the antibody labels within classified populations. The expression profiles were subject to supervised discrimination analysis (DA). Results: Between124,000 and 2,122,000 (683,000 ± 450,000) CD45+ events were acquired from the 87 samples. The background of cells with a CLL-like phenotype in the normal samples was determined as <0.001% of CD45+ events. Linearity was confirmed in the range from 1% to 0.0025%. The Repeatability analysis and the inter-operator variability showed concordance with typical Poisson distribution characteristics. The 46 populations with a typical normal B cell phenotype ranged from 0.014% to 9.592% with an average of 2.45% ± 2.75 of CD45+ events. The 25 populations with a classical or non-classical CLL phenotype ranged from 0.007% to 5.459% with an average of 1.41% ± 1.65 of CD45+ events. Posterior discrimination analysis revealed 100% correct discrimination for CLL populations and 96% correct discrimination for normal populations when relying on ROR-1 expression alone in CD19+CD45+ B cells. This result was only surpassed by the complete antibody combination (100% / 100%) but not by any other of the markers, neither in single use nor in combination Conclusion: The 8-color dry flow cytometry panel comprising CD5, CD19, CD20, CD43, CD45, CD79b, CD81 and ROR-1 demonstrated sensitive, linear and specific detection of residual CLL cells in a relevant low range of frequency. ROR-1 revealed to be a highly discriminative marker in the analysis of residual CLL cells by flow cytometry. Utilizing this flow cytometry approach, MRD detection showing sensitivity comparable to molecular techniques can be achieved in CLL. Disclosures Hallek: AbbVIe: Consultancy, Honoraria; Mundipharma: Consultancy, Honoraria; Glaxo-SmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Kreuzer:Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche Pharma GmbH and Mundipharma GmbH: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

Discrimination among Cryptococcus deneoformans, C. neoformans and interspecies hybrids using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Estreya Zvezdanova ◽  
Manuel J. Arroyo ◽  
Gema Méndez ◽  
Jesús Guinea ◽  
Luis Mancera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids ◽  
Protein Spectra ◽  
Correct Discrimination ◽  
Tof Ms

ABSTRACTBackgroundDifferentiation of the species within the Cryptococcus neoformans complex (C. deneoformans, C. neoformans and C. neoformans interspecies hybrids –C. deneoformans x C. neoformans-) is important to define the epidemiology of the infection.ObjectivesIn this study we attempted the discrimination of three C. neoformans species using MALDI-TOF MS coupled with an in-house library.MethodsAll Cryptococcus spp. isolates were identified by AFLP markers. An in-house database was constructed 26 well characterized C. deneoformans, C. neoformans and interspecies hybrids. Forty-four Cryptococcus spp. isolates were blindly identified using MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics) and the expanded library. Their protein spectra were also submitted to hierarchical clustering and the resulting species were verified via Partial Least Squares Differential Analysis (PLS-DA) and Support-Vector Machine (SVM).ResultsMALDI-TOF MS coupled with the in-house library allowed 100% correct identification of C. deneoformans and C. neoformans but misidentified the interspecies hybrids. The same level of discrimination among C. deneoformans and C. neoformans was achieved applying SVM. The application of the PLS-DA and SVM algorithms in a two-step analysis allowed 96.95% and 96.55% correct discrimination of C. neoformans from the interspecies hybrids, respectively. Besides, PCA analysis prior to SVM provided 98.45% correct discrimination of the 3 species analysed in a one-step analysis.ConclusionsOur results indicate that MALDI-TOF MS could be a rapid and reliable tool for the correct discrimination of C. deneoformans and C. neoformans. The correct identification of the interspecies hybrids could only be achieved by hierarchical clustering with other protein spectra from the same species.

scholarly journals The CALIPSO Lidar Cloud and Aerosol Discrimination: Version 2 Algorithm and Initial Assessment of Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1198-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyan Liu ◽  
Mark Vaughan ◽  
David Winker ◽  
Chieko Kittaka ◽  
Brian Getzewich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Data ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Full Day ◽  
Manual Classification ◽  
Correct Discrimination

Abstract The Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite was launched in April 2006 to provide global vertically resolved measurements of clouds and aerosols. Correct discrimination between clouds and aerosols observed by the lidar aboard the CALIPSO satellite is critical for accurate retrievals of cloud and aerosol optical properties and the correct interpretation of measurements. This paper reviews the theoretical basis of the CALIPSO lidar cloud and aerosol discrimination (CAD) algorithm, and describes the enhancements made to the version 2 algorithm that is used in the current data release (release 2). The paper also presents a preliminary assessment of the CAD performance based on one full day (12 August 2006) of expert manual classification and on one full month (July 2006) of the CALIOP 5-km cloud and aerosol layer products. Overall, the CAD algorithm works well in most cases. The 1-day manual verification suggests that the success rate is in the neighborhood of 90% or better. Nevertheless, several specific layer types are still misclassified with some frequency. Among these, the most prevalent are dense dust and smoke close to the source regions. The analysis of the July 2006 data showed that the misclassification of dust as cloud occurs for &lt;1% of the total tropospheric cloud and aerosol features found. Smoke layers are misclassified less frequently than are dust layers. Optically thin clouds in the polar regions can be misclassified as aerosols. While the fraction of such misclassifications is small compared with the number of aerosol features found globally, caution should be taken when studies are performed on the aerosol in the polar regions. Modifications will be made to the CAD algorithm in future data releases, and the misclassifications encountered in the current data release are expected to be reduced greatly.

Numerosity Discrimination of Tactile Stimuli

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Posey ◽  
Michael R. James
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Numerosity Discrimination ◽  
Group Feedback ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Discrimination Level ◽  
Correct Discrimination

The ability of 40 college students to discriminate the number of tactile stimuli presented simultaneously was measured in two experiments. Stimulation was provided by 12 solenoids fixed to points on the arms and legs. Exp. I showed a mean correct discrimination level of between 1.55 and 2.10 solenoids. Exp. II compared discrimination of numerosity by a group who received immediate feedback with a no-feedback control group. Feedback produced a small increase in this ability. However, the most stimulation points correctly discriminated did not exceed three. The data are discussed in terms of the possible role of cutaneous masking.

Deaf and Hearing Children's Performance on a Tactual Perception Battery

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Schiff ◽  
Rita Scher Dytell
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Roughness Discrimination ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Correct Discrimination

A battery of tactual sensitivity tests was administered to 300 deaf and hearing children and adolescents. The tests included vibrotactile and two-point sensitivity on several areas of the hand, gap-detection using two stimulation techniques, roughness discrimination, pattern discrimination, and cross-modal object identification. Measures included sensory thresholds, correct discrimination, errors, and in some cases, response latencies. Deaf youngsters were more sensitive than their hearing counterparts with vibrotactile and two-point measures. On most remaining tasks, deaf and hearing Ss' performance accuracies did not differ, although hearing Ss performed faster on all timed tasks. Improvements with age were evident with both speed and accuracy measures for several tasks. Results were discussed as to deaf/hearing differences, and reading achievement scores, active versus passive touch, developmental changes, and relations among the tactual tasks and measures of the battery. The findings strongly suggested that different measures of tactual sensitivity tap quite different sensory and perceptual abilities.

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