Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract (Cyclea barbata Miers.) In Vitro

Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. Macrophage cells separated form peritoneal fluid used RPMI medium. Phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis capacity of macrophages were performed in vitro using latex beads that suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The antioxidant activity was measured by spectrophotometry technique with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. All treatments were done three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytosis activity followed by chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract has a high immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant activity which contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.

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Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract (Cyclea barbata Miers.) In Vitro

Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences ◽

10.24843/atbes.2018.v02.i01.p03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mustafid Rasyiid ◽

Rendi Mahadi ◽

Krisnanda Surya Dharma ◽

Lindia Anggraini ◽

Rahma Nurdiyanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Activity Index ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Immunomodulatory Activity ◽

Leaf Extracts

Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. The treated macrophage was then challenged for their phagocytic activity to latex beads. The antioxidant activity was done using 1,1-diphenil-2-picrilhydrazil (DPPH) with spectrophotometry technique. All treatments were done with three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytic activity followed with chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetat extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the extract with the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol with similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.

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In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Ruta montana L. Extracts

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i2.3919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 69-75

Author(s):

Mounira Merghem ◽

Saliha Dahamna

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ruta Montana ◽

Β Carotene

The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activities of Ruta montana L. extracts. This activity was evaluated by three methods : DPPH (2, 2'-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazy), bleaching of β-carotene and chelation of ferrous iron. Results showed that ethyl acetate extract (EAE) represents the highest amount of total polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids with 257,1 ± 0,703µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of extract, 251 ± 1.41 µg tannic acid equivalent /mg of extract,117,4 ± 3,451 µg quercetin equivalents/mg of extract, 139,5 ± 4,107 µg rutin equivalents/mg of extract, respectively. In the DPPH assay, ethyl acetate extract showed the higher scavenging capacity (IC50 = 0.044 ± 0.001 mg/ml) followed by methanol, aqueous and chloroform extract. Whereas, AqE showed the best chelating effect and the best inhibitory capacity of the coupled oxidation of linoleic acid/ β-carotene. Keywords: Ruta montana L; polyphenols; antioxidant activity; free radical scavenging.

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Crystal Guava (Psidium guajava L. “Crystal”): Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant Capacities and Phytochemical Content

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2020/9413727 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Rika Hartati ◽

Hashifah I. Nadifan ◽

Irda Fidrianny

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Activity Index ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Fruit Extracts

Free radicals can cause many diseases, such as cancer. Antioxidant is a compound that could scavenge free radicals. One of the natural antioxidants is guava. The goals of this research were to investigate the antioxidant activity of leaves and fruit of crystal guava by determining the value of the Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI) using DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP; evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC); analyse the correlation between the TPC and TFC with AAI DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP, and analyse the correlation between the 3 methods. Extraction was performed by the reflux method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Determination of AAI DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, the TPC, and the TFC was performed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The correlation of the TPC and TFC with AAI DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP and, also, the correlation of the 3 methods were investigated by Pearson’s method. The antioxidant activity of leaves and fruit extracts of crystal guava showed AAI DPPH in the range of 0.33–56.46, CUPRAC 0.20–7.31, and FRAP 1.65–59.89. The highest TPC was given by ethanol leaf extracts (49.55 ± 1.45 g GAE/100 g), while the highest TFC was for n-hexane leaf extracts (9.68 ± 0.210 g QE/100 g). The TPC of leaves extract had a significantly positive correlation with AAI DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP. AAI DPPH, AAI CUPRAC, and AAI FRAP of leaves and fruit extract of crystal guava showed a significantly positive correlation. In general, leaves extract had strong antioxidant activity by the three methods. For the highest antioxidant activity, ethanol was the best solvent for extraction leaves and ethyl acetate for extraction fruit of crystal guava. The TPC in leaves extract contributed to the antioxidant activity by DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP methods. The Antioxidant activity of leaves and fruit extracts of crystal guava was linear by the three methods.

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In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Oedera genistifolia

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10196987 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 6987

Author(s):

Kunle Okaiyeto ◽

Anthony I. Okoh

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Hela Cells ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Resistance Evolution ◽

Crude Extracts

The high resistance evolution of protozoans to the existing antiparasitic drugs has necessitated the quest for novel and effective drugs against plasmodium and trypanosome parasites. As a result, this study aimed to assess the antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal potentials of chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol leaf extracts of Oedera genistifolia. Standard biochemical procedures were explored for the plant extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) was used to identify the bioactive compounds in the crude extracts. The cytotoxic effects of the crude extracts were assessed against human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa cells) and their antiparasitic activities were investigated against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. GCMS analyses of the crude extracts revealed the bioactive compounds that could be responsible for the biological activities. The extracts had no cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and demonstrated good antiplasmodial activity (chloroform extract: IC50 = 11.6 µg∙mL−1, ethyl acetate extract: IC50 = 3.3 µg∙mL−1 and ethanol extract: IC50 = 3.7 µg∙mL−1). Likewise, they showed excellent antitrypanosomal activity with IC50 = 0.5 µg∙mL−1 for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts and IC50 = 0.4 µg∙mL−1 for the ethanol extract. Findings from the present study indicated that O. genistifolia could be a good source of strong antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal agents.

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COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i5.41014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

GANESH N SHARMA ◽

HARJINDER KAUR ◽

BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVA ◽

SATISH CHANDER ARORA

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Content ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

World Health ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity of (EA and E) ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of (CM) Callicarpa macrophylla. Methods: The physiochemical parameters were assessed according to guidelines given by the world health organization. The total content of phenols and flavonoids was assessed by Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods. In vitro, antioxidant activity was screened by (DPPH) 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl and(H2O2) hydrogen peroxide scavenging and reducing power assay. Results: The physicochemical parameters fulfilled the standards of WHO guidelines. Total phenol and flavonoid content were more in ethanol extract as compared to ethyl acetate extract of CM. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was further high as compared to ethyl acetate extract of Callicarpa macrophylla. The IC50 of Callicarpa macrophylla ethanol extract was less than the ethyl acetate extract. So, more antioxidant activity of ethanol extract compared to ethyl acetate extract of CM. Conclusion: Overall, both the extracts showed antioxidant activity and can be used further for diseases that can be managed using antioxidants. Ethanol extract possessed significant antioxidant effects than the ethyl acetate extract.

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In-vitro bactericidal activity of a novel plant source Plumeria pudica against some human and fish pathogenic bacteria

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163817666200727101300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Shubhaisi Das ◽

Sunanda Burman ◽

Goutam Chandra

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Aldehyde Groups

Background: The only remedy for up surging problem of antibiotic resistance is the discovery of antibacterial agents of natural origin. Objective: The present study was aimed at finding antibacterial potential of crude and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Plumeria pudica. Methods: Antibacterial activity of three different solvent extracts were evaluated in four human and four fish pathogenic bacteria by measuring the zone of inhibition and determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration values. Standard antibiotics were used as positive control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of most effective extract i.e., ethyl acetate extract, Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis and GC-MS analysis of the Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) fraction of ethyl acetate extract were done meticulously. All experiments were done thrice and analyzed statistically. Results: Crude leaf extracts and solvent extracts caused good inhibition of bacterial growth in all selected bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition zones in all tested strains with maximum inhibition (19.50±0.29 mm) in Escherichia coli (MTCC 739). MBC/MIC of the extracts indicated that all three solvent extracts were bactericidal. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of tannins, steroids and alkaloids and FT-IR analysis revealed presence of many functional groups namely alcoholic, amide, amine salt and aldehyde groups. From the GC-MS analysis of TLC fraction of ethyl acetate extract five different bioactive compounds e.g., 2,4-ditert –butylphenyl 5-hydroxypentanoate, Oxalic acid; allyl nonyl ester, 7,9-Ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, Dibutyl phthalate and 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-decane were identified. Conclusion: Leaf extracts of P. pudica contain bioactive compounds that can be used as broad spectrum bactericidal agent.

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Identification of phytoconstituents of Tragia involucrata leaf extracts and evaluate their correlation with anti-inflammatory & antioxidant properties

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871523020666210126144506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Vinodhini Velu ◽

Swagata Banerjee ◽

Vidya Rajendran ◽

Gaurav Gupta ◽

Dinesh Kumar Chellappan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Membrane Stabilization ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Aims: The present investigation was aimed at exploring the phytoconstituents using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy and to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: The extracts were obtained sequentially with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water using soxhlet apparatus. The anti-inflammatory property of the identified compounds using GC- MS spectroscopy was evaluated in silico. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH and H2O2 method whereas anti-inflammatory study was carried out by HRBC membrane stabilization method. Terpenoids were found to be major constituents in petroleum ether extract while, phenols and flavonoids were predominantly found in ethyl acetate extract. Results and Discussion: The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed six major molecules including Squalene, 19β, 28- epoxyleanan-3-ol and 2-tu-Butyl-5-chloromethyl-3-methyl-4-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxylic acid. The ethyl acetate extract showed a significant antioxidant activity (P<0.01) in both DPPH method (70.87 %) and H2O2 method (73.58%) at 200 µg mL-1 . Increased membrane stabilization of petroleum ether extract was observed in the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity study. A strong relationship between the terpenoid content and anti-inflammatory activity was obtained from the correlation (0.971) and docking study. Conclusion: These results justify T. involucrata to be a rich source of terpenoids with potent antiinflammatory property.

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Potential of Malacca leaf (Phyllanthus emblica) against Salmonella sp

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015101029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 01029

Author(s):

Nuzul Asmilia ◽

Mahdi Abrar ◽

Yudha Fahrimal ◽

Amalia Sutriana ◽

Yobeswi Husna

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Positive Control ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Clear Zone ◽

Inhibitory Property

Malacca is one of traditional medicine that possesses a potent antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of Malacca leaf extract on the growth of Salmonella sp in vitro. The bacteria was obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The study was conducted using n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol of malacca leaves with dilution concentrations of 5%, 25%, and 50%.The inhibitory property of malacca leaf was tested using Kirby-Bauer method. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract of malacca leaves can inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp. The n-hexane extract of malacca leaves showed a greater inhibition than the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of malacca leaves. n-hexane extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 1.35 mm (weak), 4.97 mm (moderate), and 12.87 mm (strong), respectively ethyl acetate extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 2.00 mm (weak), 5.72 mm (moderate), and 7.58 mm (moderate), whereas in ethanol extract were 0.47 mm (weak), 2.58 mm (weak), and 4.35 mm (weak), repectively. The clear zone areas in negative and positive control were 0.00 mm 20.00 mm, respectively. Malacca leaf extract possess inhibitory property against the growth of the Salmonella sp.

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INVESTIGATION OF PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AERIAL ROOTS OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS LINN

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27287 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Kamalika Mazumder ◽

Himangshu S Maji ◽

Nripendra N Bala

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Ficus Benghalensis ◽

Aerial Roots

Objective: Ficus benghalensis Linn. (Moraceae family) is commonly known as banyan tree in English, which is used traditionally in India. The literature survey showed that the aerial roots of this plant are yet to be explored. Our main interest is to evaluate its pharmacognostic and phytochemical character by the standard monograph and to explore its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo analgesic activity study with ethyl acetate extract.Methods: Pharmacognostic evaluation and phytochemical screening have been done using standard monograph. An in vitro antioxidant activity using ethyl acetate extract has been done using four different methods. In vivo analgesic activity of the ethyl acetate extract has been evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice and tail flick method.Results: Aerial roots of F. benghalensis have been found the rich source of steroidal glycosides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tri-terpenoids, and phenols. The presence of phellem, phellogen, xylem, and phloem has been found after microscopic investigation. All the pharmacognostic parameters proved its purity. Results showed the absence of heavy metals. The ethyl acetate extract has shown potent antioxidant activity at 100 μg/ml concentration and higher analgesic activity at the concentration of 400 mg/kg than 200 mg/kg.Conclusion: Pharmacognostic characteristics and phytochemical properties revealed in this study could be used for the pharmacopoeial standard. Ethyl acetate extract showed potent antioxidant and analgesic activity.

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In vitro anti-oxidant and cytotoxic analysis of Pogostemon mollis Benth

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i1.24157 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 148 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Elizabeth George ◽

Muniyandi Kasipandi ◽

Mudili Vekataramana ◽

Kalagatur Naveen Kumar ◽

Joseph Anthuvan Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Fungal Spores ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Free Radical Damage ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Radical Damage

In the present study, the anti-oxidant and cytotoxic effects of the different solvent extracts of Pogostemon mollis were analysed. The phenolic, tannin and flavonoid contents were highest in the ethyl acetate extract and analogous to the antioxidant activity results. The extracts showed activities similar to the standard antioxidants. The extent to which the extracts protect free radical damage on DNA was evaluated and showed good genoprotective effects. Bacterial cells and fungal spores and hyphae showed visible damages due to the treatment of ethyl acetate extract. Finally in the cytotoxic analysis, IC50 value was calculated based on the absorbance value of different concentrations. It concluded that P. mollis is a prospective candidate for the various therapeutic applications especially its ethyl acetate extract.

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