scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Oedera genistifolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6987
Author(s):  
Kunle Okaiyeto ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Crude Extracts

The high resistance evolution of protozoans to the existing antiparasitic drugs has necessitated the quest for novel and effective drugs against plasmodium and trypanosome parasites. As a result, this study aimed to assess the antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal potentials of chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol leaf extracts of Oedera genistifolia. Standard biochemical procedures were explored for the plant extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) was used to identify the bioactive compounds in the crude extracts. The cytotoxic effects of the crude extracts were assessed against human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa cells) and their antiparasitic activities were investigated against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. GCMS analyses of the crude extracts revealed the bioactive compounds that could be responsible for the biological activities. The extracts had no cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and demonstrated good antiplasmodial activity (chloroform extract: IC50 = 11.6 µg∙mL−1, ethyl acetate extract: IC50 = 3.3 µg∙mL−1 and ethanol extract: IC50 = 3.7 µg∙mL−1). Likewise, they showed excellent antitrypanosomal activity with IC50 = 0.5 µg∙mL−1 for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts and IC50 = 0.4 µg∙mL−1 for the ethanol extract. Findings from the present study indicated that O. genistifolia could be a good source of strong antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal agents.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract (Cyclea barbata Miers.) In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafid Rasyiid ◽  
Rendi Mahadi ◽  
Krisnanda Surya Dharma ◽  
Lindia Anggraini ◽  
Rahma Nurdiyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. The treated macrophage was then challenged for their phagocytic activity to latex beads. The antioxidant activity was done using 1,1-diphenil-2-picrilhydrazil (DPPH) with spectrophotometry technique. All treatments were done with three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytic activity followed with chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetat extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the extract with the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol with similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract (Cyclea barbata Miers.) In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rendi Mahadi ◽  
Mustafid Rasyiid ◽  
Krisnanda Surya Dharma ◽  
Lindia Anggraini ◽  
Rahma Nurdiyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. Macrophage cells separated form peritoneal fluid used RPMI medium. Phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis capacity of macrophages were performed in vitro using latex beads that suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The antioxidant activity was measured by spectrophotometry technique with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. All treatments were done three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytosis activity followed by chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract has a high immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant activity which contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.

In-vitro bactericidal activity of a novel plant source Plumeria pudica against some human and fish pathogenic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhaisi Das ◽  
Sunanda Burman ◽  
Goutam Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

Background: The only remedy for up surging problem of antibiotic resistance is the discovery of antibacterial agents of natural origin. Objective: The present study was aimed at finding antibacterial potential of crude and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Plumeria pudica. Methods: Antibacterial activity of three different solvent extracts were evaluated in four human and four fish pathogenic bacteria by measuring the zone of inhibition and determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration values. Standard antibiotics were used as positive control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of most effective extract i.e., ethyl acetate extract, Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis and GC-MS analysis of the Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) fraction of ethyl acetate extract were done meticulously. All experiments were done thrice and analyzed statistically. Results: Crude leaf extracts and solvent extracts caused good inhibition of bacterial growth in all selected bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition zones in all tested strains with maximum inhibition (19.50±0.29 mm) in Escherichia coli (MTCC 739). MBC/MIC of the extracts indicated that all three solvent extracts were bactericidal. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of tannins, steroids and alkaloids and FT-IR analysis revealed presence of many functional groups namely alcoholic, amide, amine salt and aldehyde groups. From the GC-MS analysis of TLC fraction of ethyl acetate extract five different bioactive compounds e.g., 2,4-ditert –butylphenyl 5-hydroxypentanoate, Oxalic acid; allyl nonyl ester, 7,9-Ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, Dibutyl phthalate and 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-decane were identified. Conclusion: Leaf extracts of P. pudica contain bioactive compounds that can be used as broad spectrum bactericidal agent.

In Vitro Screening for Cytotoxic, Anti-bacterial, Anti-HIV1-RT Activities and Chemical Constituents of Croton fluviatilis, Croton acutifolius, and Croton thorelii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charina Worarat ◽  
Wilart Pompimon ◽  
Phansuang Udomputtimekakul ◽  
Sukee Sukdee ◽  
Punchavee Sombutsiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities

Background: Although the chemical constituents and biological activities of a large number of plants in the Croton genus have been studied, there are still recently discovered plants to be investigated. Objective: 1. To investigate the anti-bacterial, anti-HIV1-RT, and cytotoxicity activities of crude extracts from these plants. 2. To investigate the chemical constituents of Croton fluviatilis, Croton acutifolius, and Croton thorelii. Method: The anti-bacterial, anti-HIV1-RT, and cytotoxicity of the three plants were evaluated by standard techniques. Extraction, separation, and purification of extracts from the three plants were undertaken. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of C. fluviatilis showed low anti-bacterial activity against E. aerogenes, E. coli 0157: H7, and P. mirabilis, together with the ethyl acetate extract of C. acutifolius displayed low anti-bacterial activity against E. aerogenes, while all the crude extracts of C. thorelii were inactive. The ethyl acetate extracts of C. thorelii, and C. fluviatilis showed strong inhibited HIV1-RT, whereas the ethyl acetate extract of C. acutifolius, and the hexane extract of C. fluviatilis displayed moderate inhibited HIV1-RT. Cytotoxic properties of three Croton plants were specific to KKU-M213, MDA-MB-231, A-549, and MMNK-1. Especially, the ethyl acetate extract of C. acutifolius exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-231, A-549, and MMNK-1. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract of C. thorelii showed high cytotoxic activities against KKU-M213, and MDA-MB-231. Compounds 1, and 4 were found in C. fluviatilis. Compounds 2 and 4 were also found in C. acutifolius. Moreover, compound 3 was only found in C. thorelii. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the three Croton species are good sources of flavonoid compounds and further investigation of the chemical constituents from these plants may prove to be fruitful to discover more active compounds to be tested as potential medicines.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Biofilm, and Solar Protection Activities of Melocactus zehntneri (Britton & Rose) Pulp Extract

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aquino-Martins ◽  
Melo ◽  
Silva ◽  
Targino de Lima ◽  
Fernandes Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Polar Extracts ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Cactaceae plants are important due to their nutritional and therapeutic values. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical profile and biological activities of six Melocactus zehntneri pulp extracts: hexane extract (HE), chloroform extract (CE), ethanol extract (EE), methanol extract (ME), final water extract (FWE), and water extract (WE). Sugar, phenolic compounds, and protein content of the extracts were determined. Then thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to detect the presence of terpenes (ursolic and oleanolic acids), saponins, sugars, and glycoproteins. These extracts were analyzed for antioxidant activity via in vitro assay. HE showed 75% ferric chelating activity. All extracts showed 80–100% superoxide and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities, respectively. Further, all extracts at 25 µg/mL showed 60% activity against DPPH. Moreover, in the 3T3 cells lines, no cytotoxicity was observed; however, therapeutic activity against the effects of the H2O2 treatment was exhibited. Finally, the polar extracts (EE, ME, FWE, and WE), particularly WE, elicited activity against the biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and HE and CE expressed a capacity for solar protection.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TOTAL PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS IN ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS (JACKFRUIT) BARK AND LEAF EXTRACTS AND LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
HAFIDZ MAKARIM ILMI ◽  
BERNA ELYA ◽  
ROSITA HANDAYANI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibition

Objective: Inflammation is a localized reaction in the tissue in response to injury wherein mediators such as leukotrienes are produced as protectiveresponse leukotrienes are synthesized during the metabolism of arachidonic acid by lipoxygenase and they increase capillary permeability andleukocyte adhesion. Artocarpus heterophyllus is used in many medicines due to its natural anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to usethe bark and leaf extracts of A. heterophyllus to obtain the most active fraction that could inhibit lipoxygenase and to investigate the total phenol andflavonoid levels in these extracts.Methods: Barks and leaves were extracted by a multistage reflux method. An in vitro lipoxygenase inhibition assay was performed by measuring thetotal phenol and flavonoid contents for each fraction.Results: Ethanol extract was found to be the most active extract in each fraction. IC50 values obtained in the two most active fractions were 31.82μg/mL in the ethyl acetate of bark extract and 46.61 μg/mL in the ethyl acetate of leaf extract. This value was higher than that of apigenin standardwhich has an IC50 value of 2.08 μg/mL. The highest phenol content was present in the ethanol leaf extract with 404.903 mg gallic acid equivalent/gextract. Meanwhile, the highest flavonoid content was found in the ethyl acetate of bark extract with 372.362 mg QE/g extract.Conclusion: The bark and leaf extract tests showed that the increase in the total phenol or flavonoid content was proportional to the increase in theenzyme inhibitory activity.

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES OF EHRETIA ACUMINATA R. BR.

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Abha Shukla ◽  
◽  
Amanpreet Kaur ◽  
Rishi K. Shukla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Ehretia acuminata R. Br. is a plant with alternative medicinal properties, commonly found in Asian, African and North American countries. The present study was undertaken to prepare crude extracts of E. acuminata leaves with different polarity solvents (petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CH), ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol (EOL) and aqua (AQ)) by using successive Soxhelet extraction method and assessing antidiabetic, antiinflammatory and antihemolytic activities by the spectrophotometric method and antimicrobial activity by the zone inhibition method. The highest antidiabetic activity was found in the chloroform extract (IC50 260-265 µg/mL) and the lowest was in the aqueous extract (IC50 1560-1550 µg/mL). In anti-inflammatory assay, highest potential was shown by ethyl acetate (IC50 290 µg/mL) extract and lowest in petroleum ether (IC50 750µg/mL) extract. The zone of inhibition is highest in ethanol extract (12-18mm) by different food poisoning microbes, similarly, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest potential in antihemolytic activity with IC50 90 µg/mL. Many extracts of E. acuminata leaves showed a high biological potential that could be attributed to the high amount of phytoconstituents and thus could be utilized as value added functional food.

scholarly journals GC-MS based metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of solvent extracts of Allium chinense G Don leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10791
Author(s):  
Thejanuo RHETSO ◽  
Roopa M. SESHADRI ◽  
Shubharani RAMNATH ◽  
Sivaram VENKATARAMEGOWDA
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Ethyl Palmitate ◽  
Allium Chinense

Allium chinense, a main source of “Xiebai” drug in Chinese traditional medicine and commonly known as Ganoderma lucidum belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. The main focus of this research was to quantify the secondary metabolites, antioxidant potential and study the GC- MS based metabolite profile of different solvent leaf extracts of A. chinense. The reports on the bioactive compounds of A. chinense leaves are still insufficient compared to the bulb; hence this study was carried out to understand the bioactive compounds present in A. chinense leaves using different solvents of varying polarity. Our investigation showed that the ethanol extract contained the highest saponin, flavonoid, phenol, and DPPH scavenging activity. Further, metabolite profiling revealed a total of forty-eight compounds, indicating a diverse range of phytochemicals present in the four extracts. The highest number of compounds were observed in ethanol extract (15) followed by chloroform extract (13), petroleum ether extract (11) and methanol extract (9). Some of the major compounds identified in the four solvents are octacosane (27.11%), heptadecane (19.66%), eicosane (18.51%), ethyl palmitate (18.50%), phytol (17.68%) and phytol acetate (17.30%). In conclusion, this study highlights that A. chinense leaf extracts contain high saponins, terpenes and alkanes which could be a potential source of a new beneficial drug.

scholarly journals Identification of Bioactive Compounds and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity of Caesalpinia bonduc Seed Extract In vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Oczhinvia Dwitasari ◽  
Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno ◽  
Mega Safithri
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Positive Results

This study is aimed for finding alternative ways to treat diabetes. Many studies have beendone before, but focused on identification of α-glucosidase inhibition mechanism. This study wasconducted by extracting Caesalpinia bonduc seed using two methods maceration by ethanol 96%and the others boil by water. The ethanol extract was then fractioned into three fractions, n-hexane,ethyl acetate, and ethanol. To find the bioactive compounds, the ethanol extract was then tested byseveral phytochemistry tests. The phytochemistry test showed positive results for alkaloid, flavonoid,saponin and triterpenoid. The inhibition mechanism was tested using pNPG. The inhibition testshown that the mechanism was a competitive inhibition, by the Dixon plot. The calculated inhibitionconcentrations for 50% substrate (IC50) for ethyl acetate fraction are 1655.8079 μg/ml for 5 mMsubstrate and 803.9521 μg/ml for 10 mM substrate. From the results of this study, we concluded thatthe extract of Caesalpinia bonduc has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme. Keywords: α-glucosidase inhibition, Caesalpinia bonduc seed extract, diabetes treatment

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-bacterial Activities of Aqueous, Ethanol and Chloroform Crude Extracts of Olinia rochetiana and Vernonia myriantha

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Gashaw Nigussie ◽  
Ayana Erdedo ◽  
Sintayehu Ashenafi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Zones

In the past with the advent of antibiotics, bacterial diseases have been under control. However rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant this success is reversing and searching for newer antibacterial agents is currently a top priority. This study was, thus, aimed at assessing the anti-microbial activities of two traditional medicinal plants: Vernonia myriantha and Olinia rochetiana. The crude extracts were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activities and phytochemical content. The extracts were tested against selected 3 clinical and 4 standard test bacterial strains by using agar well-diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The ethanol leaves and stem-bark extracts of O. rochetiana inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains at a concentration of 250mg/mL. The inhibition zones ranged from 20.33±0.57mm for clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 25.66±0.57mm for standard Salmonella typhi strains. The values for these same extracts were 20.66±2.51mm and 24.33±1.15mm for standard P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains respectively. The chloroform extract was similarly effective against all of the strains with inhibition zones between 19.00±1.73mm against P. aeruginosa and 22.66±2.51mm for S. aureus. Comparatively, the ethanol extract of O. rochetiana had the highest MIC (7.81mg/mL) and MBC (62.50mg/mL) were noted against P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, chloroform extract of O. rochetiana leaf showed the highest MIC (15mg/mL) and MBC (125mg/mL) were recorded against P. aeruginosa. The ethanol extract of V. myriantha showed growth inhibition only on S. aureus (21.00±1.7mm). Both plants tested for terpenoids and glycosides showed positive result, but none for resin.

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