scholarly journals KAJIAN PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Rhizopus sp. SEBAGAI AGEN PENGIKIS PROTEIN TERHADAP MUTU KULIT IKAN GURAMI TERSAMAK

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratri Nur Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

The study aimed to assess the effect of protease activity of Rhizopus sp. as a bating agent on the tanned carp leather quality, and their use for commercial leather products. The study was designed with a completely randomized design with four treatment, namely: the concentration of protease from Rhizopus sp. 0.5% (a1), 1.0% (a2), 1.5% (a3) and palkobat 1.0% (a4/control) with 3 replications. Parameters were observed that is (1) protease activity of Rhizopus sp and palcobat; (2) Thickness (mm), tensile strength (N/cm2), tear strength (N/cm), elongation (%), enervation (mm), shrinkage temperature (ºC), fat/oil content (%) of tanned leather; and (3) level of consumer acceptance (%) and added valuead of comercial leather product. The data of tanned leather quality is then compared with SNI 06-4586-1998 concenring freshwater snake skin leather and chrome Burk’s Bay (1996) on the raw material quality leather products. The test results of protease activity of Rhizopus sp. = 7.97 mg/50mg/ jam and palkobat = 13.62 mg/50 mg/hour. The results of the analysis of tanned leather carp qulity sample from each treatment and comparison with the SNI as follows: (1) Thickness: 0.41 (a1), 0.38 (a2), 0.43 (a3), 0.41mm (a4) and ≥ 0.22 (SNI 06-4586-1998). Tensile strength: 1682.67; 1818.17; 1195.57; 1670.55 and 1,000N/cm2 (SNI). Tear strength: 314.87; 310.95; 332.06; 462.22, and 150.00 N/cm (SNI). Elongation: 93.33; 62.67; 56.67; 97.33, and <30.00% (SNI). Enervation: 1.87; 2.20; 1.63, 2.49, and ≥ 2.0 mm (Burk’s Bay, 1996). Shrinkage temperature: 74.00; 95.33; 96.33; 97.33, and ≥ 70.33ºC (SNI). The fat/oil content: 7.84; 8.17; 5.25; 8.49, and 2.00 to 6.00% (SNI). All treatments were tested has met the SNI quality, except elongation and fat/oil content. The level of consumer acceptance of the Oval HP Cover that is (1) aspects of the display (76.67% like and 23.33% dislike), (2) the use of convenience (66.67% like and 33.33% dislike ), and (3) price (63.33% accepted and 23.67 reject). The level of consumer acceptance of the Box Cover HP models that is (1) aspects of the display (80.00% like and 20.00% dislike), (2) convenience of use (86.67% like and 13.33% dislike), and (3) price (66.67% accepted and 33.33% reject). The economic value of tanned carp leather as big as Rp 160.000/20 leather pieces and leather products as big as Rp 420,000 per 15 pieces of product.

scholarly journals Technology of Free Chrome Tanning Process: Optimal Level of Formaldehyde as Tanning Agent for Mondol Stingray (Himantura gerrardi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286
Author(s):  
Laili Rachmawati ◽  
Emiliana Anggriyani ◽  
Nur Mutia Rosiati
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Chrome Tanning ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
High Level

Chrome (VI) has a high level of toxicity. Formaldehyde is potential to be developed as a substitute of chrome tanning agent. The aims of this study are to explain the amount of formaldehyde bound, shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, and tear strength on Mondol stingray (Himantura gerrardi) leather. Pickled mondol stingray has been used as raw material. The study was divided into 4 treatments, that is P.I (formaldehyde 2%), P.II (formaldehyde 4%), P.III (formaldehyde 6%), and P.IV (formaldehyde 8%). The method used is drum tanning. Shrinkage temperatures, tensile strength and tear strength of P.I and P.II are significantly different from P.III and P.IV, but P.I is not significantly different from P.II, whereas P.III is not significantly different from P.IV. P.III is shown to improve the quality of leather stingray more than P.I and P.II, and has fulfilled the requirements of leather stingray according to SNI. 06-6121-1999. It can be concluded that the optimal level of formaldehyde tanning agent that can be used as a chrome tanning agent substitute in tanning Mondol stingray skin is formaldehyde 8% (P.III).

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERBEDAAN BAHAN PENYAMAK TERHADAP KUALITAS KULIT IKAN PARI MONDOL (Himantura gerrardi) TERSAMAK The Effect of Different Tanning Materials towards Leather Quality of Tanned Mondol Stingray (Himantura gerrardi)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Tika Kusmaryanti ◽  
Ratna Ibrahim ◽  
Putut Har Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRAK   Usaha penyamakan kulit ikan Pari umumnya dilakukan oleh usaha kecil menengah dan hanya menggunakan metode aldehid dengan bahan samak formalin, Selain itu juga belum diketahui kualitas kulit ikan Pari Mondol tersamak yang menggunakan bahan samak krom. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan penggunaan jenis bahan penyamak terhadap kualitas fisik dan kimiawi kulit ikan Pari Mondol tersamak. Materi penelitian berupa kulit ikan Pari Mondol (Himantura gerrardi) dan bahan samak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental laboratoris. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan perlakuan bahan samak yang berbeda, yaitu formalin, krom, dan kombinasi. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Variabel mutu yang diamati adalah kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, kekuatan sobek, ketebalan, suhu kerut, ketahanan bengkuk (bengkok), pH dan kadar air. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan perbedaan diantara perlakuan diuji dengan Uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan bahan penyamak menyebabkan pengaruh nyata terhadap nilai kekuatan tarik, kekuatan sobek dan ketebalan tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap nilai pH, kadar air dan ketahanan bengkuk. Produk yang terbaik yaitu kulit ikan Pari Mondol yang disamak dengan bahan samak kombinasi antara krom dan mimosa, yang sebagian persyaratan mutunya sudah memenuhi persyaratan mutu kulit ikan Pari tersamak menurut SNI 06-6121-1999.   Kata kunci: Kualitas, kulit Ikan Pari, penyamak     ABSTRACT  Meanwhile the quality of Stingray tanned leather which using chrome tannin materials was not yet known. This research aims to determine the effect of different types used tannin materials towards physical and chemical quality of Stingray leather quality. The materials used in this research isStingray (Himantura gerrardi) skin and tannin materials. The study was conducted with laboratory experimental method. The experiments was designed according to the Randomized Block Design with different tanning materials (formalin, chrome, and chrome-combination). Each treatment was done with in triplicate. The quality variables that measured were tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, thickness, shrinkage temperature, bent resistance, pH and moisture content. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. To find the difference between treatments, the data were tested with Honestly Significant Difference Test . The results showed that various of tannin materials gave significant effects to the values of tensile strength, tear strength and thickness however there was not any significant effect on bent resistance, moisture content and pH value. The best product were Stingray tanned leather with chrome-combination tannin material, which partially quality requirements has been comply with Stingray tanned leather quality requirements according to SNI. Keywords: Quality, stingray skin, tanning

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENYAMAKAN ZIRKONIUM TERHADAP UJI KEKUATAN TARIK, UJI KEKUATAN SOBEK, UJI KEMULURAN DAN UJI SUHU KERUT PADA BERBAGAI JENIS KULIT IKAN (The Effect of Zirconium Tanning Against Tensile Strength Test, Strength Test of Tear, Glide Test, and Wrinkle Temperature Test on Different Fish Types)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Rokhmah Hergiyani ◽  
Y. S. Darmanto ◽  
Lukita Purnamayati
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical Changes

Kulit ikan merupakan limbah perikanan yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif pada lingkungan. Salah satu cara untuk menanggulangi limbah tersebut adalah dengan proses penyamakan kulit. Penyamakan kulit adalah rangkaian proses yang sangat kompleks terjadi banyak perubahan fisik dan kimia di satu sisi, bagian yang tidak berguna dihilangkan dari kulit mentah untuk mendapatkan serat kolagen murni dan membuka struktur serat kolagen. Proses penyamakan yang tidak baik mengakibatkan kulit menjadi rusak, lemas, dan kebusukan, sehingga penanganannya dapat dengan cara menambah bahan penyamak untuk menguatkan dan menghindari kebusukan. Bahan penyamak yang digunakan yaitu zirconium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyamakan zirkonium terhadap uji kekuatan tarik, uji kekuatan sobek, uji kemuluran dan uji suhu kerut pada berbagai jenis ikan. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah kulit ikan nila, kakap dan bandeng. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah experimental laboratories menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan dan  menggunakan analisa ragam ANOVA. Hasil uji menunjukan penggunaan zirkonium 7,5% terhadap kulit ikan nila, kakap, dan bandeng berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) pada kekuatan tarik, kekuatan sobek, kemuluran dan suhu kerut pada karakteristik penyamakan. Penggunaan bahan penyamak zirkonium 7,5% terbaik dihasilkan oleh kulit ikan kakap pada uji kekuatan tarik 1675,84 N/cm2, kekuatan sobek 163,92 N/cm2 dan uji suhu kerut 103,45˚C sedangkan kemuluran untuk hasil terbaik pada kulit bandeng sebesar 28,74%, jadi setiap ikan mempunyai ciri kulit tersendiri pada setiap parameter uji. The skin of the fish waste is a fishery that can give a negative impact on the environment. One way of tackling the waste is by the process of tanning leather. Tanning is a very complex processes occur many chemical and physical changes on the one hand, the useless removed from rawhide to get pure collagen fibers and the open structure of the collagen fibers. The process of tanning is not a good result in the skin becomes broken, buckled, and corruption, so that responses can be with how to add ingredients to strengthen Tanner and avoid corruption. On the research of materials used i.e. Tanners used are zirconium.. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of zirconium tanning against test tensile strength, tear strength test, test and test temperature wrinkle elongation on various types of fish. The raw material used is leather fish tilapia, milkfish and snapper. Research methods used are experimental laboratories using Complete Random Design (RAL) with three-time repeats and a range of analysis using ANOVA. Test results showed the use of zirconium 7.5% against the skin of the fish, snapper, tilapia and milkfish influential real (p < 0.05) on the tensile strength, tear strength, elongation and wrinkle on temperature characteristics of tanning. The use of zirconium Tanner 7.5% best produced by skin test on a snapper 1675.84 tensile strength N/cm2, the strength of RIP 163.92 N/cm2 and test the temperature of the wrinkle 103,45 ˚ C while elongation for the best results on the skin of the banding of 28.74%, so each fish has its own skin characteristics on each test parameter.

scholarly journals Edible coating quality with three types of starch and sorbitol plasticizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 02003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Utami Hatmi ◽  
Erni Apriyati ◽  
Nurdeana Cahyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Arrowroot Starch

Edible coating is one form of packaging technology with environmentally friendly theme. The raw materials of edible coating derived from nature, while the waste is decomposed or even zero waste. The research of edible coating using experimental design RAL (completely randomized design) with two factors, namely the type of raw material used tuber starch (cassava, arrowroot and canna) and the percentage of starch (3%, 4% and 5%) (b/v) with three replications time. The quality analisys of edible coating includes the physical properties (thickness (mm), tensile strength (N) and elongation (mm)) and chemical properties (moisture content (%), solubility (%), the water vapor transmissin rate (g/hour) and peroxide (mek/kg). The research showed that the edible coating with sorbitol plasticizer of arrowroot starch 4% provide best physicochemical properties (thickness 0,09mm; 1,63N tensile strength; elongation 84,38mm; water content of 11.19%; solubility of 31.40%; the transfer of water vapor 0,16g / h and 3,20mek/ kg).

scholarly journals POTENSI PANKREAS KAMBING SEBAGAI BATING AGENT ALAMI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KULIT IKAN NILA (Oreochromus niloticus) TERSAMAK(Pancreas Potential Of Goat As A Natural Bating Agent On Tilapia (Oroeochromus niloticus) Leather)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aziz Cahyana ◽  
Ulfah Amalia ◽  
Slamet Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Chrome Oxide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Pankreas kambing mengandung enzim proteolitik yang berpotensi sebagai bating agent dalam proses penyamakan kulit.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bating agent dari pankreas kambing terhadap karakteristik fisik kulit ikan nila tersamak dan mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik dari penggunaan bating agent pankreas kambing. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit ikan niladan pankreas kambing segar. Metode penelitian ini bersifat experimental laboratories menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali pengulangan dengan 4 konsentrasi bating agent  yaitu (0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan 2%) kulit ikan tersamak diuji dengankekuatan tarik, kemuluran, kekuatan sobek, kadar krom oksida, dan suhu kerut. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan bahan bating agent berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik kulit ikan tersamak (P<0,05). Konsentrasi bating agent sebesar 2% memberikan hasil yang terbaik sebagai berikut: kekuatan tarik 1300,45 N/cm², kemuluran 87,70%, kekuatan sobek 273,90 N/cm², kadar krom oksida 3,46 %, dan suhu kerut 99,75°C. Kulit ikan nila tersamak hasil penelitian semua perlakuan  memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-4586-1998 kecuali untuk parameter kemuluran tidak memenuhi syarat. Goat pancreas, containing proteolytic enzymes which the potential as a bating agent in the process of tanning the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using bating agent from goat pancreas on the physical characteristics of tilapia skin and knowing the best concentration of using the goat pancreatic agent. The material used in this study is the skin of tilapia and fresh goat pancreas. This research method is experimental laboratories using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three repetitions with 4 concentrations of bating agent namely (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) the skin of tanned fish is tested with tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, chrome oxide content, and wrinkle temperature. The results of the study resulted in bating agent material affecting the characteristics of tanned fish skin (P <0.05). Bating agent concentration of 2% gave the best results as follows: tensile strength 1300.45 N / cm², elongation 87.70%, tear strength 273.90 N / cm², chrome oxide content 3.46%, and wrinkle temperature 99, 75 ° C. The results of this study produced a total nitrogen of 2.65% of the goat pancreas which has great potential to be used as bating material. The skin of tanned tilapia from the results of this study meets the requirements of SNI 06-4586-1998 except for elongation parameters that do not meet the requirements.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MINYAK IKAN TERSULFIT TERHADAP NILAI KELEMASAN DAN KUALITAS KULIT IKAN PARI MONDOL (Himantura gerardi) TERSAMAK The Effect of Using Different Concentration of Sulfited Fish Oil on The Softness and Quality of Formalin Tanned Stingray (Himantura gerardi) Leather

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Gina Utami Dewi ◽  
Ratna Ibrahim ◽  
Ima Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Variable Quality

ABSTRAK Penyamakan kulit ikan Pari umumnya menggunakan minyak sintetis pada proses peminyakan. Kulit ikan Pari tersamak yang kaku membatasi pembentukan model aksesoris, sehingga perlu adanya alternative penggunaan minyak non sintetis, salah satunya minyak ikan tersulfit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan minyak ikan tersulfit terhadap nilai kelemasan dan kualitas kulit ikan Pari Mondol tersamak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental laboratoris. Percobaan dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan konsentrasi minyak ikan tersulfit yang berbeda, yaitu 14%, 16%, 18%, dan kontrol (15% minyak sintetis). Variabel kualitas produk yang diamati adalah kelemasan, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, kekuatan sobek, ketebalan, ketahanan bengkuk, kadar air, kadar lemak, dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan minyak ikan tersulfit pada proses peminyakan kulit ikan Pari Mondol tersamak berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai kelemasan, kemuluran, kekuatan sobek, dan kadar lemak. Kualitas produkkulit ikan pari tersamak  terbaik yaitu produk yang menggunakan minyak ikan tersulfit dengan konsentrasi 16%. Produk tersebut menghasilkan nilai kelemasan yang memenuhi persyaratan ISO dan kualitasnya memenuhi persyaratan mutu Kulit Ikan Pari Tersamak menurut SNI. Kata kunci: Kulit Ikan Pari Mondol Tersamak, Minyak Ikan Tersulfit, Nilai Kelemasan, Kualitas  ABSTRACT Tannery of Stingray usually uses synthetic oil in fatliquoring process. Tanned Stingray leather is rigid, as of limiting the modeling accessories formation. so the need for alternative use of non-synthetic oil, sulfited  fish oil one. This study aims to determine the effect of sulfited fish oil against softness value and quality of fish Pari Mondol tanned skin. The study was conducted with laboratory experimental method. The experiments are designed with completely randomized design (CRD) by treatment with  sulfitted fish oil different concentration, namely 14%, 16%, 18%, and controls (15% synthetic oil). The variable quality of the products observed were softness, tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, thickness, crooked durability, moisture content, fat content, and pH. The results showed that the use of sulfited  fish oil in the process of tanned stingray leather significantly affect the value of softness, elongation, tear strength, and fat content. The best quality of tanned  stingray tanned leather was tanned stingray leather with sulfited fish oil 16%. The product produced softness value that fulfill the requirements of ISO and the quality requirements tanned stingray  leather by SNI.. Keywords: Tanned Stingray Leather, Sulfited Fish Oil, Softness, Quality

scholarly journals POTENSI RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma cottonii SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN KERTAS KANTONG KRAFT (Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed has a good Potential as Raw Material For Making Kraft Paper Bags)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ryan Ariefta ◽  
Eko Nurcahya Dewi ◽  
Romadhon Romadhon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Kraft Paper ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grammar Tests ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii ◽  
Tear Resistance

Ekstrak selulosa yang berasal dari rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan substitusi pembuatan kantong kertas kraft yang biasanya dibuat dari pulp kayu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas kantong kertas kertas kraft dari ekstrak rumput laut E. cottonii apabila dibandingan dengan kertas kraft berstandar SNI. Rumput laut         E. cottonii yang digunakan berasal dari pantai Krakal, Gunung Kidul, Jogjakarta. Pembuatan kertas kraft dilakukan dengan ekstraksi selulosa dari E. cottonii diikuti dengan pemasakkan hingga hancur, pencetakan dan pengeringan sehingga berbentuk pulp lembaran. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 1 faktor yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak rumput laut E. cottonii dengan tiga taraf yang berbeda yaitu  15%, 20%, dan 25%.  Parameter pengujian yang dilakukan adalah  ketahanan tarik, ketahanan sobek, daya regang dan derajat kecerahan (CIELAB). Data parametrik yang didapatkan  diuji dengan sidik ragam (P<5%), dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) untuk melihat perlakuan yang berbeda. Hasil yang didapatkan pada uji ketahanan tarik pada konsentrasi 15%, 20% dan 25% berturut - turut, yaitu 1,80 ± 0,22 kN/m; 5,54 ± 0,42 kN/m dan 7,33 ± 1,28 kN/m,  ketahanan sobek 737,62 ± 91,15 mN; 2260,00 ± 173.18 mN dan 2991,90 ± 525.04 mN,   daya regang : 3,86 ± 1,78%; 7,24 ± 0,83% dan 7,08 ± 2,15%, untuk uji gramatur :  70 gram; 73,09 gram dan 75,75 gram. Hasil uji perbandingan kualitas kertas kraft paper bag dari  subsitusi ekstrak selulosa 20% dan 25% telah memenuhi SNI, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 15% belum memenuhi SNI. Cellulose extract from Eucheuma cottonii seaweed can be used as a substitute for making kraft paper bags.  Kraft paper are  usually made from wood pulp. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of kraft paper bags from seaweed extract E. cottonii when it compared to SNI  kraft paper. The E. cottonii seaweed used comes from Krakal beach, Gunung Kidul, Jogjakarta. The kraft paper was first  made by extracting cellulose from E. cottonii, it was   cooked,  crushed, printed , dried and finally it was   formed to  pulp sheet. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 1 factor concentration of seaweed extract E. cottoni with three levels concentration  15%, 20%, and 25% respectively.  The test parameters performed were tensile resistance, tear resistance , tensile strength and brightness (CIELAB). Data were analysed using Anova  and tested continued Honestly Significant Different test (HSD). The results obtained in the tensile resistance test at a concentration of  15%, 20% and 25% were  1.80 ± 0.22 kN / m; 5.54 ± 0.42 kN / m and 7.33 ± 1.28 kN / m, in the tear resistance test were  737.62 ± 91.15 mN; 2260.00 ± 173.18 mN and 2991.90 ± 525.04 mN, the tensile strength were 3.86 ± 1.78%; 7.24 ± 0.83% and 7.08 ± 2.15%, for successive grammar tests:  70 grams; 73.09 grams and 75.75 grams. The comparison test results of the quality of paper bag kraft paper from cellulose extract 20% and 25% have met SNI, while at a concentration of 15% have not met SNI.

Study on the Dry-Cleaning Process of Mink Fur Based on Subcritical Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxuan Wang ◽  
Qiao Xia ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Hong Dai ◽  
Zongcai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Wool Fiber ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Dispersion Degree

It is significant to apply environmentally benign technology to fur processing. In this paper, subcritical extraction with n-pentane was used to dry clean mink fur and the effect on the quality of mink fur was studied. The dispersion degree of the leather fibers and the morphology of the wool fiber were characterized with SEM, the mechanical properties, shrinkage temperature and oil content left in fur were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the fibers of mink fur were well separated and no excess lipids in the fibers or on the surface of mink fur and the hair of the mink fur is not damaged. The tensile strength and elongation of mink fur show slight increase respectively, and the shrinkage temperature of mink fur that was treated by subcritical solvent was significantly increased compared with that of the mink fur treated with tetrachloroethylene by conventional dry cleaning method.

UJI MEKANIKA PAPAN PARTIKEL BERBAHAN DASAR KULIT SERABUT NIPAH (Nyfa fruticans Wurmb) DENGAN PEREKAT RESIN POLYESTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ega Saputra ◽  
Rosidah ◽  
Gusti Abdul Rahmat Thamrin
Keyword(s):  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

. In an effort to maximize the increase in economic value nipah plants, it is used to produce sugar, there also needs to be innovations that make nipah plants into high-value products, including the utilization of palm fiber for raw material for making particle boards. The objectives to be achieved in this research are Analyzing the mechanical properties of particle boards from palm oil with polyester resin adhesive. Particle board raw material used for palm fiber, The adhesive used is polyester resin by comparison A = 1:7, B = 1:8, C = 1:9. Static analysis of the data used is a completely randomized design (CRD) with three levels of treatment and three replications so the total number of trials is nine. The resulting density value includes medium density. Value of the resulting density in the treatment A (1:7), B (1:8), C (1:9) successively produce 0,78 gr/cm³, 0,69 gr/cm³, 0,62 gr/cm³. The average value of Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) The resulting effect is not real and does not meet SNI 03-2105-2006 min 20.400 kg/cm² except in the treatment A2, A3, B1, B3 that meets the standards SNI, Modulus of Rupture (MoR) The result has no real effect and the value produced meets SNI 03-2105-2006 for all treatments that require a minimum 82 kg/cm² in all treatments.Keywords: Particle Board; SNI 03-2105-2006; Polyester Resin; MoE; MoR

scholarly journals The utilization of sugarcane bagasse, cassava peels and corn husks in handmade paper production

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Aminah Asngad ◽  
Santhyami Santhyami ◽  
Ardiyana Rahma Pertiwi ◽  
Carissa Rahmitasari
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Handmade Paper ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Tear Resistance

High demands for trees as the raw material of paper can disrupt the stability of the environment. It is necessary to find alternatives from other materials which are more environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the quality of paper made from combining sugarcane bagasse with cassava peels or with corn husks using PVAc or tapioca starch adhesives. A completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial design with five times replication was used. The parameters tested were the tensile and tear resistance of the paper using a micrometer and a universal testing machine. A sensory analysis from panelists was also conducted. The combination of J1P1 produced a paper with the highest tensile strength (11.30 MPa) and the highest tear strength (1.82 MPa). The combination of J2P2 produced a paper with the lowest tensile strength (10.35 MPa) and the lowest tear strength (1.62 MPa). Variance analysis showed that the type of adhesive used showed a significant result on both tensile and tear resistance but material choices and interaction between materials and adhesive choices was not significantly different from the result on both tensile and tear resistance. Sensory testing shows that the combination of J1P1 was preferred the most. It can be concluded that the combination of J1P1 appeared to be the best combination.Keywords: Handmade paper, sugarcane bagasse, cassava peels, corn husk, PVAc tapioca starch, adhesive

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