scholarly journals Smallholder Farmers’ Formal Risk Management Services: Evidence from Southeast Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. p46
Author(s):  
Augustine Odinakachukwu Ejiogu ◽  
Nneka Maris Chidiebere-Mark ◽  
Ebenezer Okechukwu Emeribe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Agricultural Investments ◽  
External Intervention ◽  
Management Services

Smallholder farmers’ livelihood activities are mainly centred on agricultural investments which are inherently risky. The risky nature of agricultural activities is further complicated by the fact that resource-poor smallholder farmers operate in an environment with weak markets and less than satisfactory financial services. Formal risk management services hold out the expected external intervention for aiding the resource-poor farmers break out of the vicious circle of poverty. Not all formal risk management services are actually tailored to the scope the smallholder farmers. This study therefore set out to examine the formal risk management services employed by the smallholder farmers in southeast Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting respondents. Out of 504 smallholder farmers selected, data were successfully collected from 494. Functional analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Results showed that 37% of the smallholder farmers employed formal risk management services; 17.68% subscribed to and utilized direct formal risk management services provided by the Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation. There was a sufficiently deficient use of formal risk management services by smallholder farmers in Southeast Nigeria. It is recommended that the Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation should tailor its services to the needs of the smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Determinants of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulagris L.) Marketed Surplus Among Smallholder Farmers in Humbo and Damot Gale Woredas, Southern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Besufekad Belayneh ◽  
Tewodros Tefera ◽  
Thomas Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Multi Stage

This research was aimed to study the common bean (Phaseolus vulagris L.) marketed surplus among smallholder farmers in the Humbo and Damot Gale Woredas. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in order to determine the sample respondents. By using simple random sampling technique four sample Kebeles were selected. Cross sectional data were collected from 182 farm households who produced common bean in 2016 production season. Primary data were collected from sample households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to analyze the data. To identify determinants of marketed surplus of common bean, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model was employed. The study suggest interventions such as intensification strategies which increase yields through proper management and use of inputs, rural infrastructure improvement increases the likelihood of market orientation and marketed surplus of common bean.

scholarly journals Rice Farmer Risk Management by Cropping Pattern Diversification in Rural West Java: Motivation, Behavior, and Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Dadang Jainal Mutaqin ◽  
Koichi Usami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
West Java ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Rice Farmer ◽  
Risk Coping

The Indonesian government have implemented agricultural production cost insurance since 2015 called Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP). It is an issue that the rate of farmer participation in the insurance is still low. As a challenge to increase participation, it becomes important to be aware of motivation, behavior, and perception that influence the practical risk management of farmers. This study investigated the relationship between cropping pattern diversification (as risk management) and factors such as motivation, behavior, and perception. Based on a field survey of 240 smallholder farmers in Garut District, West Java Province, these were the characteristics of farmers who practiced cropping pattern diversification: (1) high-risk perception (impact and probability); (2) risk-averse; and (3) economic motivation. The study revealed that approximately one-third of farmers had risk-neutral and low-risk perceptions of whom approximately 70.7 percent practiced single cropping patterns. They may not adopt any risk- coping strategies unless they are aware of the risks that they face. Improving awareness about the negative impacts of risks on income from farming might encourage them to adopt risk-coping strategies for both on-farm risk coping (such as cropping pattern diversification) and off-farm risk-coping (such as agricultural insurance).

scholarly journals Implementasi Manajemen Risiko Untuk Kredit Macet Konsumtif Di Bank Mandiri Kantor Cabang Jakarta Mampang Prapatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Hardiyati Kartini Hasibuan ◽  
Ai Annisa Utami ◽  
Khoirul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
The People ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Micro Credit

The rapid development of the banking industry with the increasing complexity of bank business activities and increasing credit exposure, will accelerate rapidly. The bank collects funds from additional funds and distributes funds in the form of loans or funds to the people in need, both for working capital and consumption investments. Increasingly tight competition also occurs between banks with each other. Among them by issuing or launching financial services products with various types and interest rates. This research is a qualitative research by following a study conducted over a period of 1 year, describing the risk management process carried out by one of the branches of Bank Mandiri in Mampang Prapatan Jakarta, a method of data collection conducted through observation, interviews, and comparative studies of respondents who comprise from 4 people who included employees from Micro Banking Managers, Micro Credit Analysts, Micro Credit Sales, and sub-branch managers. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The results of the research that show the risks involved in the Micro Bank Mandiri Branch Mampang Prapatan have implemented risk management in accordance with BI regulations No.11 / 25 / PBI / 2009 and regulations made by the Directors of PT. Bank Mandiri, called the KPKD or Credit Policy. However, the application of risk management has not been carried out maximally.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Financial Literacy Divide in India: A Comparative Study of Kerala and Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
N. P. Abdul Azeez ◽  
M. Nasira Banu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Financial Decision

One of the significant competencies required in the contemporary scenario is an awareness or knowledge of varied financial affairs and the skill to handle matters apropos of finance. The dearth of financial literacy precludes rural people from the country's formal financial system and created a rural-urban financial divide, especially in the digitalized era. Effective incorporation of financial literacy in formal education will lead to greater access to financial services. This paper tries to find the rural-urban financial literacy divide based on the primary data collected from two states of India, namely Kerala and Uttar Pradesh. A total of 400 samples respondents were taken by using the multi-stage sampling technique. A comprehensive approach for measuring financial literacy is developed by constructing the Financial Literacy Index (FLI), which comprises financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial attitude. The results concluded with the rural-urban financial literacy divide findings as the financial literacy in rural areas is consistently lower than in urban. The results expose the need for a persistent and prolonged intervention from all the stakeholders, including policymakers, to enhance and sustain financial literacy to accomplish a bright financial decision making by the rural people.

scholarly journals Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Production Among Smallholder Farmers in Damot Gale and Humbo Woredas of Southern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besufekad Bassa
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Multi Stage

This research was aimed to study the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production among smallholder farmers in Damot Gale and Humbo Woredas. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in order to determine the sample respondents. By using simple random sampling techniques four sample Kebeles were selected. Cross sectional data were collected from 182 farmer households who were chickpea producers in 2016 production season. Primary data were collected from sample households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to analyze the data. To identify the production function of chickpea crops Cobbe-Douglas production function was employed. The study suggest interventions such as intensification strategies which increase yields through proper management and use of inputs, rural infrastructure improvement increases the likelihood of production of chickpea.

scholarly journals Smallholders’ Willingness to Pay for Mechanization (Tractor Services) in Delta and Benue States, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achoja Roland Onomu
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Hurdle Model ◽  
Double Hurdle Model ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Valuation Methodology

ABSTRACT The majority of the smallholder farmers mainly used clue implements. However, the extent to which they are determined to change such practice remains unknown. This paper investigates the smallholders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for tractor services, factors that affect the smallholders’ WTP for tractor services as well as factors that affect the amount of money the smallholder is willing to pay for tractor services. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 280 respondents in the study area. The contingent valuation methodology was used to measure the smallholders’ WTP. Descriptive statistics and the double hurdle model were used to analyse the results. The majority of the smallholder farmers were willing to pay for tractor-use. Age, farm size and location affect the smallholder’ WTP for tractor services. Expenditure and location affect the amount of money willing to pay for tractor services by the smallholder. There is a prospective growth for hired tractor services business due to smallholders’ WTP. It was suggested that entrepreneurs should invest in the business of tractor hired services since the farmers were willing to pay for their services. More researchers should be done on how to sustain the smallholders’ demand and WTP for tractor services.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Perception and Evaluation of Brachiaria Grass (Brachiaria spp.) Genotypes for Smallholder Cereal-Livestock Production in East Africa

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Duncan Cheruiyot ◽  
Charles A.O. Midega ◽  
Jimmy O. Pittchar ◽  
John A. Pickett ◽  
Zeyaur R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Multi Stage

Brachiaria (Urochloa) is a genus, common name brachiaria, of forage grasses that is increasingly transforming integrated crop-livestock production systems in East Africa. A study was undertaken to (i) assess smallholder farmers’ perception on benefits of brachiaria in cereal-livestock production, (ii) identify brachiaria production constraints, and (iii) identify farmer preferred brachiaria genotypes. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for sample selection. Data were collected through semi-structured individual questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study areas included Bondo, Siaya, Homabay and Mbita sub-counties in Western Kenya and the Lake zone of Tanzania. A total of 223 farmers participated in individual response questionnaires while 80 farmers participated in the FGDs. The respondents considered brachiaria mainly important in management of cereal pests (70.4% of respondents) and as an important fodder (60.8%). The major production constraint perceived by both male and female respondents is attacks by arthropods pests (49.2% and 63%, respectively). Spider smites had been observed on own farms by 50.8% of men and 63.1% of women, while sorghum shoot flies had been observed by 58.1% of men and 67.9% of women. These pests were rated as a moderate to severe problem. Xaraes was the most preferred genotype, followed by Mulato II and Piata. These genotypes are important in developing new crop pest management strategies, such as push-pull, and for relatively rapid improvements in crop management and yield increases, particularly in developing countries.

scholarly journals Impact of Crop Insurance On Cocoa Farmers’ Income: An Empirical Analysis From Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonder Agbenyo ◽  
Yuansheng Jiang ◽  
Gideon Ntim-Amo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Crop Insurance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Matching Effect ◽  
Ashanti Region ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cocoa Farmers ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Risk is associated with every sector of an economy, and the pervasiveness of risk in agriculture is not new to farmers; they have, over the decades, developed ways to minimize and cope with it. The question is whether traditional strategies employed by farmers are adequate to curb unavoidable natural disasters. The goal of this study is to see how crop insurance affects cocoa producers' incomes in Ghana. A well-structured questionnaire was delivered to a sample of 600 cocoa farmers in Ghana's Ashanti region, and data was collected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Tobit, and Propensity score-matching effect estimators were used to assess crop insurance's impact on cocoa farmers’ income. The result indicates that crop insurance had a significant positive impact on cocoa farmers’ income in the Ashanti region. The study recommends that the government of Ghana, with urgency, design agricultural insurance policy that can capture various farmers in the country to enhance their income and reduce poverty. Again, insurers need to promote publicity through public seminars, training, and media advertising to improve farmer awareness and knowledge of the insurance scheme.

scholarly journals Resource-use efficiency in maize production: the case of smallholder farmers in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-417
Author(s):  
Frank Osei Danquah ◽  
He Ge ◽  
Lady Nadia Frempong ◽  
Bright Asiamah Korankye
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Production Labor ◽  
Pooled Sample

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency with which smallholder maize farmers use their input resources such as land, labor, capital, fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and improved seed in maize production. The study used the multi-stage sampling technique to collect cross-sectional data from 600 smallholder maize producers from the northern, Brong-Ahafo, eastern, and central regions of Ghana. This study employed the marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) ratio (MVP/MFC) of the input resources. The results revealed an increased return to scale, meaning smallholder maize farmers in the pooled sample and the studied regions should enlarge their production scale by about 3.2%, 2.2%, 7.6%, 6.8%, and 2.8%, respectively, to maximize productivity. The results also revealed that resource inputs like fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides, improved seed, and land were underutilized. Therefore, these resources need to be increased if smallholder maize farmers in the pooled sample want to be efficient in their production. Labor and capital were over-utilized and needed to be reduced to increase efficiency in the farmers' maize production.

scholarly journals Determinants of smallholder farmers’ participation in microfinance markets in Huye district, southern province, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 18319-18329
Author(s):  
Eularie Mutamuliza ◽  
◽  
K Vishwanatha ◽  
SR Mbaraka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Southern Province

Microfinance markets play a significant role in enhancing socio-economic development of developing countries. In Rwanda, access to microfinance in financing agriculture is very important for future development. Despite this development, smallholder farmers still have limited access to institutional financial services. This study assessed factors that affect smallholder farmers’ participation in microfinance markets in three sectors of Maraba, Mukura and Ngoma in Huye district in Southern province of Rwanda. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and personal interviews. A total of 300 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique from participants and non-participants in microfinance markets. Data collected were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. Results from descriptive statistics revealed that major sources of income were farming and business activities. Findings revealed also that each household had an average of about five members with standard deviation of 1.901 and mean value of household land size of 1.87 ha with standards deviation of 0.758. Findings from Probit analysis revealed that household size, education, total annual income, cooperative membership, and household savings had a positive and significant effect on smallholder farmers’ participation in microfinance markets. Distance from microfinance institutions negatively influenced participation in microfinance markets. Households that were located far from to the microfinance institutions were less likely to participate in microfinance markets compared to those nearer to the institutions. This study recommends microfinance institutions in Rwanda to expand their financial systems to enable smallholder farmers access affordable agricultural finance. Further, there is need for microfinance institutions to create more awareness programs to help smallholder farmers get key information related to microfinance services. This is expected to influence smallholder farmers’ willingness to apply for microcredits for agricultural development. This will in the long-run help the smallholder farmers to adopt new practices and technologies thus increasing their agricultural production.

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