scholarly journals Effects of the Quality of Governance on Domestic Government Health Spending in West Africa Economic and Monetary Union Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Issa Dianda ◽  
Gnanderman Sirpé
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Government Health ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Per Capita

Government health spending is an important source of sustainable health funding in order to attain the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In low and middle-income countries, domestic government per capita spending on health needed to ensure universal coverage with the most essential health services is estimated at $112 according to Stenberg et al. (2017). In 2015, in West Africa Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), average domestic government spending on health per capita was $26 (about one quarter of all health spending), far short of the $112 target. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of domestic government health spending with emphasis on the quality of governance. We used panel data from the eight WAEMU member states covering the period 2000-2015 and the generalized least squares method for empirical investigation. The results show that an improvement in the quality of governance increases domestic government health spending. The study suggests the policy-makers of the WAEMU member state to improve the quality of governance in order to increase domestic government health spending and allow people to access essential health services and enjoy a better state of health.

The Mano River Union

1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Robson
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
West African ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Economic Community

Of the four current schemes for international economic integration in West Africa, the operation of the Communauté économique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest has been recently reviewed, the Economic Community of West African States continues to be widely discussed, while the agreement of the Presidents of Senegal and Gambia in Dakar on 17 December 1981 to establish a Senegambian Confederation, and to develop an economic and monetary union between the two countries, is as yet in its formative stages. This article examines the structure, progress, and potential of the Mano River Union (M.R.U.) about which little has been published.

scholarly journals Health spending and vaccination coverage in low-income countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Castillo-Zunino ◽  
Pinar Keskinocak ◽  
Dima Nazzal ◽  
Matthew C Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Low Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Government Health ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

SummaryBackgroundRoutine childhood immunization is a cost-effective way to save lives and protect people from disease. Some low-income countries (LIC) have achieved remarkable success in childhood immunization, despite lower levels of gross national income or health spending compared to other countries. We investigated the impact of financing and health spending on vaccination coverage across LIC and lower-middle income countries (LMIC).MethodsAmong LIC, we identified countries with high-performing vaccination coverage (LIC+) and compared their economic and health spending trends with other LIC (LIC-) and LMIC. We used cross-country multi-year linear regressions with mixed-effects to test financial indicators over time. We conducted three different statistical tests to verify if financial trends of LIC+ were significantly different from LIC- and LMIC; p-values were calculated with an asymptotic χ2 test, a Kenward-Roger approximation for F tests, and a parametric bootstrap method.FindingsDuring 2014–18, LIC+ had a mean vaccination coverage between 91–96% in routine vaccines, outperforming LIC- (67–80%) and LMIC (83–89%). During 2000–18, gross national income and development assistance for health (DAH) per capita were not significantly different between LIC+ and LIC- (p > 0·13, p > 0·65) while LIC+ had a significant lower total health spending per capita than LIC- (p < 0·0001). Government health spending per capita per year increased by US$0·42 for LIC+ and decreased by US$0·24 for LIC- (p < 0·0001). LIC+ had a significantly lower private health spending per capita than LIC- (p < 0·012).InterpretationLIC+ had a difference in vaccination coverage compared to LIC- and LMIC that could not be explained by economic development, total health spending, nor aggregated DAH. The vaccination coverage success of LIC+ was associated with higher government health spending and lower private health spending, with the support of DAH on vaccines.

The impact of the Country’s health services’ expenditure on the success of MDGs, Goal 4/SDG 3: Reduction of child mortality in Uganda (2000-2016).

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Madinah Nabukeera
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita

Safeguarding access to health services is a serious challenge for poor countries if the Sustainable Development Goals are to (SDGs) are to be achieved. This paper scrutinizes the case of Uganda, a country which is trying to improve its health sector amid a lot of challenges between 2000-2016 to assess how the country has performed in the reduction of child mortality given its expenditure. This study involved analyzing the available data drawn from various sources i.e., time series data on public health expenditure was obtained from Ministry of Health reports and the budget and Ministerial Policy Statements for the period 2000-2016. This data was further demarcated into parameters such as per capita government spending on health in Uganda shillings, health spending as a proportion of Gross Democratic Product (GDP) and private health spending as a proportion of total health spending. Findings revealed that non-significant negative effect of GDP per capita growth on infant mortality rate from 2000 to 2016, a negative effect of GDP per capita on under-five mortality in Uganda from 2000 to 2016, albeit the effect is non-significant (P>0.05), decline in Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) from 527 death per 100,000 live birth in 1995 to 336 death per 100,000 live birth in 2016, and there is a negative but insignificant effect of health sector budget allocation on the MMR in Uganda since the P-value (0.199). Maternal mortality fell significantly in Uganda due to some interventions in the health sector. The decline is likely to have been cause due to supply and demand situations. There is need to improve funding in the health sector in order to improve quality health services through better coordination, health management, transportation, access, infrastructure at the district level. 

Estimates of global spending and financing of mental health

2011 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 05-08 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

SummaryThis paper illustrates the wide variation in the spending and financing of mental health services around the globe. As would be expected, mental health spending in high-income countries is a larger percent of overall health care spending, which in the United States, United Kingdom, and France is about 10% of health care spending, compared to countries such as Japan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, and Hungary, where the spending is around 6%. In OECD countries, mental health spending is approximately 7.4% of total health care spending. Our analysis of the relationship between per capita spending on mental health and per capita income shows that the elasticity of mental health spending is 0.49, suggesting that a 10% change in per capita income produces a 4.9% increase in mental health spending per capita. In LMIC, we found that the spending levels for mental health was approximately 1–2% of the total health care budget. The dominant payer for mental health services throughout the globe still appears to be that of the government sector. The case studies that we present in Korea, Spain, and Ghana show dramatically different approaches to the financing and spending of mental health.

scholarly journals Common External Tariff and Dynamism of Economic and Regional Integration in the WAEMU Zone: An Analysis Based on the Econometric Approach of Panels

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Martin Gnoleba Zahore
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Community ◽  
Econometric Approach

This article discusses the implications of the introduction of the Common External Tariff on the dynamism of economic and regional integration in the WAEMU zone. The sample includes eight countries and covers the period from 1990 to 2014. The study is based on the econometric approach of panels. The results suggest that the common external tariff has significantly contributed to strengthen the dynamism of the economic and regional integration in the Economic and Monetary Union of West Africa. These results show that the WAEMU countries have an interest in developing new Community mechanisms conducive to strengthen the integration within them. &gt; Transformational leadership does not significantly affect technology transfer effectiveness. tor in Egypt. rsonal authority of the leader; On technology transfer effectiveness.

HAS FOREIGN AID IMPROVED GOVERNANCE AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN WEST AFRICA?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Stanley Egenti ◽  
Chinedu Nevo ◽  
Israel Onwe ◽  
Tobechi Faith ◽  
Oludare Durodola
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Quality Of Governance

This study investigates foreign aid, quality of governance and human development in West Africa, adopting the Random-Effects Model (REM) of the Panel Data Analysis and Estimated Generalized Least Square (EGLS) estimation technique for 15 West African countries from 1990-2015. Governance Composite Index with Goal Post and Geometric Mean approach on six indicators of governance were constructed to treat foreign aid effects on governance collectively. Results showed that most foreign aids improve human development (income, life expectancy, and education). However, some foreign aids weaken the quality of governance. The researchers recommended that government should have little or no role in foreign aid influx into the economy; rather, foreign aid should be channeled through tax effort and private investment. More so, donors should concentrate on poor countries with good institutions if foreign aid must be channeled through government expenditure. Finally, an independent body should ensure mutual accountability between recipients and donors routinely to ensure foreign aid improves human development without weakening governance quality.

scholarly journals MEDICINES HARMONIZATION IN WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION (WAEMU) COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
A.S.G Amari ◽  
A. N’Guessan ◽  
J.G. Sackou ◽  
A.C. Amonkou ◽  
P.M. Alloukou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
West African ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Community Regulation ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Veterinary Products

With the blessing of WHO, the different regions of West Africa engaged in Pharmaceutical regulation harmonization processes on the continent. Indeed, In west Africa, WAEMU actions on the matter ended in the production of juridical rules opposable to member states who rationalize watching/control procedures and medicine marketing for both human medicine and veterinary products. What remains then to member states is to appropriate community regulation hoping that Pharmaceutical cooperation reinforcement with ECOWAS, that other sub regional economical organization, grows stronger in order to improve drug use and manufacturing in West African area.

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