scholarly journals COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF CEFTAZIDIME-LEVOFLOXACIN AND CEFOTAXIME-ERYTHROMYCIN AS EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC COMBINATIONS IN RESPIRATORY INFECTION-INDUCED SEPSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Dika P Destiani ◽  
Tiana Milanda ◽  
Susilawati Susilawati ◽  
Auliya A Suwantika ◽  
Ivan S Pradipta ◽  
...  

Objective:Pharmacoeconomics has become an important consideration in the selection of therapies, including in patients with sepsis caused by respiratory infection. The aim of this study was to determine the most cost-effective antibiotic combination for respiratory infection-induced sepsis at a public hospital in Bandung, Indonesia.Methods:This retrospective observational study was conducted at one ofpublic hospitals in Bandung. Two interventions were analyzed: (I1) ceftazidime-levofloxacin  and (I2) cefotaxime-erythromycin; and compared to the major treatment (I0, the use of other antibiotic combinations). Data were collected from the medical records of inpatients with respiratory infection-induced sepsis from 2010 until 2012. Healthcare perspective was applied by considering only direct medical costs, which were calculated from variable (drug, administrative andtreatment cost) and fixed cost (hospitalization).Results:Comparing with I0, net cost per life saved was calculated to be $3,350 (I1)and $1,589 (12). Number of patients survived was considered to be the most significant parameter on affecting the calculation of net cost per life saved.Conclusion:I2 was more cost effective than I1, compared to I0.  

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Amelia Lorensia ◽  
Doddy De Queljoe ◽  
Made Dwike Swari Santi

The number of typhoid fever patient in Indonesia is still high. Typhoid fever can be treated by antibiotic therapy such as chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone which was given to adult patients who were diagnosed with typhoid fever in Sanglah Denpasar Hospital. A comparative study between two alternatives was conducted using the hospital perspective. Retrospective method was used to collect data from patient medical records, who was diagnosed and hospitalized in Sanglah Denpasar Hospital during January 2017 until July 2018. The cost analysis was perform using cost-effectiveness grid and cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) methods. Cost-effectiveness grid showed that dominant of ceftriaxone for patient with typhoid fever. ACER analysis for ceftriaxone was IDR 2,097,170.88 with effectivenes (length of stay) 4.27 days, and was IDR 2,097,170.88 with effectiveness (the time of reaching normal temperature) 2.42 days. ACER analysis for chloramphenicol was IDR 2,555,464.22        with effectivenes (length of stay) 10.22 days, and was IDR 2,555,464.22 with effectiveness (the time of reaching normal temperature) 3.44 days. ACER analysis showed lower degree of ceftriaxone and higher effectiveness based on length of stay and the time of reaching normal temperature. The conclusion of this study is that ceftriaxone is more cost-effective than chloramphenicol.


2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Marino ◽  
Gilles Houvenaeghel ◽  
Fabrice Narducci ◽  
Agnès Boyer-Chammard ◽  
Gwenaël Ferron ◽  
...  

ObjectiveRobotic surgical techniques are known to be expensive, but they can decrease the cost of hospitalization and improve patients’ outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the costs and clinical outcomes of conventional laparoscopy vs robotic-assisted laparoscopy in the gynecologic oncologic indications.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2010, 312 patients referred for gynecologic oncologic indications (endometrial and cervical cancer), including 226 who underwent conventional laparoscopy and 80 who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopy, were included in this prospective multicenter study. The direct costs, operating theater costs, and hospital costs were calculated for both surgical strategies using the microcosting method.ResultsBased on an average number of 165 surgical cases performed per year with the robot, the total extra cost of using the robot was €1456 per intervention. The robot-specific costs amounted to €2213 per intervention, and the cost of the robot-specific surgical supplies was €957 per intervention. The cost of the surgical supplies specifically required by conventional laparoscopy amounted to €1432, which is significantly higher than that of the robotic supplies (P < 0.001). Hospital costs were lower in the case of the robotic strategy (€2380 vs €2841, P < 0.001) because these patients spent less time in intensive care (0.38 vs 0.85 days). Operating theater costs were higher in the case of the robotic strategy (€1490 vs €1311, P = 0.0004) because the procedure takes longer to perform (4.98 hours vs 4.38 hours).ConclusionsThe main driver of additional costs is the fixed cost of the robot, which is not compensated by the lower hospital room costs. The robot would be more cost-effective if robotic interventions were performed on a larger number of patients per year or if the purchase price of the robot was reduced. A shorter learning curve would also no doubt decrease the operating theater costs, resulting in financial benefits to society.


Author(s):  
Musriati . ◽  
Indar . ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Abdullah

Background: This research is motivated by the high number of incompleteness of filling in the patient's medical record file in the inpatient installation, which is 30-35% in Regional Public Hospital Batara Guru Belopa.Methods: The research method is qualitative using the phenomenology approach. Determination of informants using purposive sampling method and obtained as many as eighteen informants. Data collection in the form of in-depth interviews, document review and observation. The validity of the data is done by triangulation and credibility test.Results: Management of medical records completeness seen from human resources who still need additional staffin the central part of the hospitalization by looking at the large number of patients and workload of the officers, doctors rarely fill in the full medical record sheets due to negligence of doctors due to other activities or in a hurry. Management of medical records completeness viewed from the procedure, there are still officers in the inpatient department who do not know the flow of exit and entry of the medical record file to the inpatient installation. The management of medical record completeness is seen from the information, implementation of hospital policy regarding the completeness of filling in medical record is not maximal because medical record file is slowly completed and returned to the medical record section.Conclusions: The hospital should be conducted a routine evaluation related to the completeness of the medical record and activated the hospital management information system (HMIS).


Author(s):  
M. Nakhamkin ◽  
E. C. Swensen ◽  
P. A. Abitante ◽  
M. Whims ◽  
D. Weiner ◽  
...  

This paper presents the results of a project performed for the Israel Electric Corporation, Ltd. (IEC), with the objective of developing the most cost-effective and technically feasible 300-MW CAES-plant concept with underground storage in an aquiferous reservoir. Three conceptually different turbomachinery trains are analyzed, including one based on the use of state-of-the-art combustion turbine components with high firing temperatures. The results are reported for each turbomachinery train concept, optimized for the geological conditions of two alternative underground-storage sites. Along with other generic findings, the paper concludes with the selection of a turbomachinery train, its cycle parameters and configuration, and underground storage site to be used for further preliminary engineering and cost estimates. The results are generalized for use in future CAES projects.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Amelia Lorensia

Abstract— Exacerbations asthma treatment can be done by giving medications therapy in the form of salbutamol and aminophyllin. This research conducted with a comparative study between two alternatives using a hospital perspective. Data were collected retrospectively based on the medical records of patients with mild-moderate exacerbations asthma who were admitted in emergency department Anwar Medika Sidoarjo Hospital during the period of January 2017 to Desember 2018. The data showing asthma exacerbations treatment effectiveness and costs were analyzed using ACER. Results of the data analysis using ACER based on total improvement of asthma sympthoms showed that in salbutamol group was Rp.2.403,75/%, and in aminophyllin group was Rp.1.688,31/%. Based on the result of study, cannot concluded which medications therapy were more cost-effective because total subject study of salbutamol and aminophyllin were different and too little. Results of the data analysis using ACER based on total improvement of asthma sympthoms showed that in salbutamol only group was Rp.2.073,18/%, and in salbutamol and corticosteroid group was Rp.1.688,31/%. Rp.2.573,40/%. Based on the result of ACER, salbutamol only group more cost-effective than salbutamol and corticosteroid group based on improvement of asthma sympthoms in mild-moderate exacerbations asthma patients in emergency department. Keywords: cost-effectiveness analysis, asthma exacerbations, salbutamol, aminophylline Abstrak— Pengobatan serangan asma dapat dilakukan dengan cara pemberian terapi pengobatan, yaitu salbutamol dan aminofilin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan dengan studi perbandingan antara dua alternatif yang ada dengan menggunakan perspektif rumah sakit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif berdasarkan basis data rekam medik pasien serangan asma mild moderate yang di IGD di Rumah Sakit Umum Anwar Medika Sidoarjo periode Januari 2017 sampai dengan Desember 2018. Data efektivitas dan biaya pengobatan serangan asma dianalisis dengan ACER. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai ACER berdasarkan total perbaikan gejala pada kelompok salbutamol sebesar Rp.2.403,75/%, dan kelompok aminofilin sebesar Rp.1.688,31/%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tidak dapat disimpulkan terapi pengobatan yang lebih cost-effective karena jumlah subjek kelompok salbutamol dan kelompok aminofilin yang berbeda dan terlalu sedikit. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai ACER berdasarkan total perbaikan gejala pada penggunaan salbutamol tunggal sebesar Rp.2.073,18/%, pada kelompok salbutamol dan kortikosteroid sebesar Rp.2.573,40/%. Berdasarkan hasil nilai ACER tersebut, kelompok salbutamol tunggal lebih cost-effective dibandingkan kelompok salbutamol dan kortikosteroid berdasarkan perbaikan gejala pada pasien serangan asma mild moderate di IGD. Kata kunci: analisis efektivitas biaya, serangan asma, salbutamol, aminofilin


Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Kim ◽  
Han Joon Kim ◽  
Soo Hyun Kim ◽  
Sang Hoon Oh ◽  
Kyu Nam Park

Abstract. Background: Previous suicide attempts increase the risk of a completed suicide. However, a large proportion of patients with deliberate self-wrist cutting (DSWC) are often discharged without undergoing a psychiatric interview. Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in the characteristics and outcomes of patients with DSWC and those with deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) episodes. The results of this study may be used to improve the efficacy of treatment for DSWC patients. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 598 patients with DSWC and DSP who were treated at the emergency department of Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital between 2008 and 2013. We assessed sociodemographic information, clinical variables, the reasons for the suicide attempts, and the severity of the suicide attempts. Results: A total of 141 (23.6%) patients were included in the DSWC group, and 457 (76.4%) were included in the DSP group. A significantly greater number of patients in the DSWC group had previously attempted suicide (p = .014). A total of 63 patients (44.7%) in the DSWC group and 409 patients (89.5%) in the DSP group underwent psychiatric interviews. Conclusion: More DSWC patients had previously attempted suicide, but fewer of them underwent psychiatric interviews compared with the DSP patients.


1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. John

SummaryAs many bibliographic services in medicine are offered, literature searches in eight databases at DIMDI were performed to find out which database is most important in medicine. The distribution of publications from members of the medical faculty of Frankfurt University was examined. No save prediction is possible as to which database will yield most articles. Overlapping from different databases is often rather low. The selection of an appropriate database mix for sufficient recall and in a cost-effective manner.is a task for an experienced searcher.


Author(s):  
Ab Rahman A F ◽  
Md Sahak N. ◽  
Ali A. M.

Objective: Once daily dosing (ODD) aminoglycoside is gaining wide acceptance as an alternative way of dosing. In our setting it is the regimen of choice whenever gentamicin is indicated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of gentamicin ODD in a public hospital in Malaysia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients on gentamicin ODD who were admitted to Hospital Melaka during January 2002 until March 2010. All adult patients who were on ODD gentamicin with various level of renal function were included in the study. Patients on gentamicin less than 72 hours and pregnant women were excluded. Results: From 110 patients, 75 (68.2%) were male and 35 (31.8%) were female. Indications for ODD gentamicin included pneumonia, 34 (31.0%) neutropenic sepsis, 27 (24.5%) and sepsis, 11 (10.0%). The mean dose and duration of gentamicin was 3.2 mg/kg/day and 7 days, respectively. Almost all patients were on gentamicin combined with other antibiotics. Clinical cure based on fever resolution was found in 89.1% of patients treated with ODD. Resolution of fever took an average of 48 hours after initiation of therapy. The evaluation for bacteriologic cure could not be performed because of insufficient data on culture and sensitivity. Out of 38 patients with analyzable serum creatinine data, four patients might have developed nephrotoxicity. Conclusion: In our setting, lower dosages of ODD gentamicin when used in combination with other antibiotics seemed to be effective and safe in treating most gram negative infections.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.


Author(s):  
Y. Widyastuti Y. Widyastuti

  ABSTRACT [In advanced countries the number of permanent contraception option ( kontap ) approximately 10 % of all national family planning methods , while in Indonesia reached approximately 5.7 % . Based on data obtained from medical records Bhayangkara Hospital Palembang in 2010 the number of achievement when seen from the percentage of contraceptive use is only 9.10 % The purpose of this study is known age and parity relationship with the selection of contraceptive methods Surgery Women ( MOW ) in Palembang RS.Bhayangkara obstetrics clinic in 2012 . This study uses the analytic survey with cross sectional approach . The population in this study were women who become new acceptors were recorded in medical records at the hospital . Palembang Bhayangkara Hospitals January 1, 2012 to December 31 in 2012 . The sample in this study is part of a whole number of new acceptors ( either using contraception methods MOW and other family planning methods ) were registered in the hospital . Palembang Police Hospitals of January 1, 2012 to December 31 years of data 2012.Analisa univariate and bivariate statistical Chi - Square test with significance level α = 0.05 . The results showed there were 80 respondents ( 46.3 % ) who became MOW contraceptive acceptors , acceptors who have old age by 45 respondents ( 56.3 % ) and who has a young age by 35 respondents ( 43.8 % ) . acceptors which have high parity were 44 respondents ( 55 % ) who had low parity and a total of 36 respondents ( 45 % ) . From the results of Chi-square test value obtained ρ = 0.00 is smaller than α = 0.05 . There is a significant correlation between age and the selection of MOW Chi square test results obtained ρ value = 0.00 and there was a significant association between parity with the election MOW Chi square test results obtained ρ value = 0 , . From these results , it is expected to power health, especially family planning services at the hospital . Palembang Police Hospitals in order to improve the quality of family planning services in an effective, efficient , and safe are considered particularly suitable for users of contraception OperatingMethodWomen(MOW).                                      ABSTRAK Di negara sudah maju jumlah pilihan kontrasepsi mantap (kontap) sekitar 10% dari semua metode KB nasional, sedangkan di Indonesia baru mencapai sekitar 5,7 %. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Rekam medik  Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Palembang tahun 2010 Jumlah pencapain tersebut jika dilihat dari persentasi penggunaan kontrasepsi MOW hanya  9,10% Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan umur dan paritas dengan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi Metode Operasi Wanita (MOW) di poliklinik kebidanan RS.Bhayangkara Palembang Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita yang menjadi akseptor KB Baru yang tercatat di rekam medik  di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang tanggal 1 januari 2012 sampai dengan 31 Desember  tahun 2012. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian dari seluruh jumlah akseptor KB Baru (baik yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi Metode MOW maupun Metode KB lain) yang teregister di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang dari tanggal 1 januari 2012 sampai dengan 31 Desember  tahun 2012.Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 80 responden terdapat (46,3%) yang menjadi akseptor kontrasepsi MOW, akseptor yang memiliki umur tua sebanyak 45 responden (56,3%) dan yang memiliki  umur muda sebanyak 35 responden (43,8%). akseptor yang memiliki paritas tinggi sebanyak 44 responden  (55%) dan yang memiliki  paritas rendah sebanyak 36 responden (45%). Dari hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,00 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur dengan pemilihan MOW dari hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,00 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas dengan pemilihan MOW hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,.Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya pelayanan KB  di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang  agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan KB secara efektif, efisien, dan aman yang dianggap cocok bagi penggunanya khususnya mengenai kontrasepsi Metode Operasi Wanita (MOW).    


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