The Relationship of the Concentration of Mineral Elements between Host Plant (Pelargonium zonale) and Parasite (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarić ◽  
B. Krstić ◽  
Vojislava Momčilović
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Pelargonium Zonale ◽  
Cuscuta Reflexa ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals FIRST HOST PLANT RECORD FOR ANASTREPHA AMPLIATA HERNÁNDEZ-ORTIZ, 1990 (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (41-42) ◽  
Author(s):  
María De Jesús García Ramírez ◽  
Enrique Antonio Hernández ◽  
Juan José Vargas Magaña ◽  
Marvel Del Carmen Valencia Gutiérrez ◽  
Juan Carlos Chi Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The fruit flies of the Tephritidae family, represent one of the most important agricultural pests in the world, besides causing a great economic impact due to losses in a great diversity of fruits and other vegetables limit the development of agriculture in many countries and are the direct cause of a considerable number of quarantines and restrictions imposed by the importing countries, causing a detriment in the economy of fruits producing countries. However, in Mexico the knowledge of its hosts is generally restricted to <em>Anastrepha</em> species of economic importance, while studies on the relationship of other species of this genus with their host plants are poorly understood.

scholarly journals The influence of the host plant in inducing parasitism in lucerne and clover nodules

1930 ◽  
Vol 106 (742) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Energy Material ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inoculation Group

The relationship of the nodule organism to its host plant has been much discussed, some authors regarding it as an instance of true symbiosis, while others regard the organism as a parasite to which the host plant offers a certain resistance. Failures to obtain inoculation of legumes with strains of nodule bacteria belonging to a different inoculation group may be regarded as examples of such resistance. Even where nodules are formed, the fixation of nitrogen and the benefit derived by the host plant varies according to the strain of the nodule organism concerned (Stevens (1) and Wright (2) ). Some strains, while producing nodules, cause no increase in growth or nitrogen content in the host plant (3) and (4). It is uncertain whether the resistance of the host plant prevents the normal functioning of such strains, or whether they are actively parasitic on the nodule tissue. Strains of the nodule organism thus differ in their relationship to the host plant. The behaviour of a single strain in the tissues may also be altered by the condition of the host plant. Thus, when Vicia faba is grown in a boron-deficient solution, the conducting tissue develops abnormally, so that the vascular supply to the nodules is either absent or incomplete. In such nodules the bacteria fix but little nitrogen and destroy the host cells in which they lie, although the same strain in healthy plants behaves normally and fixes appreciable amounts of nitrogen (Brenchley and Thornton (5) ). It is thus possible experimentally to alter the relationship between the host plant and the bacteria, so that a strain of the latter which is normally beneficial to its host becomes actively parasitic. It was suggested that, in normal nodules, the bacteria derive their energy material from the carbohydrates conveyed to them along the vessels, but that in boron-deficient plants they are to a large extent deprived of their carbohydrates, owing to failure of the vascular supply, and derive energy by attacking the host protoplasm. If this hypothesis be correct, it should be possible to induce the change from symbiosis to parasitism by cutting off the carbohydrate supply in other ways, for example by keeping the plants in darkness.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ANGIOSPERMIC EPIPHYTES ON THE RELATIVE STATUS OF ERGOSTEROL AND ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE IN FUNGAL PATHOGENS

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-113
Author(s):  
HAMZAH JUMAH ESSA BARKAH ◽  
S. LOKESH
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Cuscuta Reflexa ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Fungistatic Effect

Objective: In the present study, emphasis has been made to assay the antifungal activity of some angiospermic epiphytes like Cuscuta reflexa, Viscum orientale, Cymbidium bicolor, Bulbophyllum propinquum, Hoya ovalifolia and Dendrophthoe falcata. Methods: The antifungal activity due to epiphytes extracts was expressed in term of reduction in dry biomass of fungi based on the relationship of ergosterol content and electrolyte leakage in fungal pathogens viz., Colletotrichum dematium, Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani treated with epiphytes extract. Results: Treated fungi showed increased in ergostesrol content and increased electrolyte leakage confirmed the pathetic situation of fungi; hence there was fungistatic effect, which was dose-dependent. Conclusion: The angiospermic epiphytes of selected species chosen for the study could be serves an alternative eco-friendly source to synthetic fungicides.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

Severe Paradoxical Dysphonia in Two Young Women

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Collins ◽  
Robert McDonald ◽  
Robert Stanley ◽  
Timothy Donovan ◽  
C. Frank Bonebrake
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Therapeutic Regimen ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This report describes an unusual and persistent dysphonia in two young women who had taken a therapeutic regimen of isotretinoin for intractable acne. We report perceptual and instrumental data for their dysphonia, and pose a theoretical basis for the relationship of dysphonia to this drug. We also provide recommendations for reducing the risk of acquiring a dysphonia during the course of treatment with isotretinoin.

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