scholarly journals PREPARATION OF ASCORBIC ACID AND CHOLECALCIFEROL MICROSPONGES FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Zia ◽  
Akmal Nazir ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan ◽  
Abid Aslam Maan ◽  
Ayesha Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
Emulsification Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Stability Issues

Objective: Apart from having various physiological functions in the body, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) also have a key role in skin protection. However, their bioavailability is quite limited in the skin, and therefore, many cosmetic products are supplemented with these vitamins, which are usually associated with stability issues. To avoid these issues, here we report on the preparation of microsponges of these vitamins for topical application.Methods: The microsponges were prepared through various emulsification-solvent evaporation methods involving single (O/O, O/W) or double (W/O/O, W/O/W, S/O/W) emulsion. The organic internal phase was consisted of Eudragit® RS 100 polymer dissolved in an organic solvent such as acetone or dichloromethane, at a constant polymer to drug ratio of 2:1. The prepared microsponges were characterized for their entrapment efficiency, droplet size and uniformity, core to wall interaction, and surface morphology.Results: It was found that the W/O/W and S/O/W are suitable methods for the preparation of vitamin C microsponges and O/W is a suitable method for the preparation of vitamin D3 microsponges; ensuring an encapsulation efficiency of around 56-59% and 93%, respectively. The average diameter of vitamin C and D3 microsponges was typically around 56-68 μm and 48 μm, respectively.Conclusion: It is possible to encapsulate both water and oil soluble vitamins in a microsponge system at an appreciable entrapment efficiency. The findings of the present study are expected to play a vital role in the development of cosmeceuticals.

scholarly journals Vitamin C In Neuropsychiatry

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan M. Pavlović ◽  
Merdin Š. Markišić ◽  
Aleksandra M. Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Normal Brain Function ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Vitamins are necessary factors in human development and normal brain function. Vitamin C is a hydrosoluble compound that humans cannot produce; therefore, we are completely dependent on food intake for vitamin C. Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidative agent and is present in high concentrations in neurons and is also crucial for collagen synthesis throughout the body. Ascorbic acid has a role in modulating many essential neurotransmitters, enables neurogenesis in adult brain and protects cells against infection. While SVCT1 enables the absorption of vitamin C in the intestine, SVCT2 is primarily located in the brain. Ascorbate deficiency is classically expressed as scurvy, which is lethal if not treated. However, subclinical deficiencies are probably much more frequent. Potential fields of vitamin C therapy are in neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular and affective diseases, cancer, brain trauma and others. For example, there is some data on its positive effects in Alzheimer’s disease. Various dosing regimes are used, but ascorbate is safe, even in high doses for protracted periods. Better designed studies are needed to elucidate all of the potential therapeutic roles of vitamin C.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) on Human Health- A Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Mary K Walingo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Human Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, abounds in nature and is highly labile. It is a water-soluble vitamin that is lost in large amounts during food processing. It is a vitamin whose prescribed requirement across cultures is not uniform. For example , the prescribed requirement of vitamin C in Great Britain is 30mg/day, while in the U.S.A., it is 60mg/day and 100mg/day in Japan. These variations are unusual and point to the need for further research to establish the acceptable RDAs for diverse populations. The RDA for vitamin C should be more than the amount needed to prevent the occurrence of disease. Vitamin C plays significant functions in the body that enhance its role in the health status of the human body. The biochemical functions of vitamin C include: stimulation of certain enzymes, collagen biosynthesis, hormonal activation, antioxidant, detoxification of histamine, phagocytic functions of leukocytes, formation of nitrosamine, and proline hydroxylation amongst others. These functions are related to the health effects of vitamin C status in an individual. In human health, vitamin C has been associated with reduction of incidence of cancer, blood pressure, immunity, and drug metabolism and urinary hydroxyproline excretion, tissue regeneration. This vitamin is needed for the proper metabolism of drugs in the body through adequate hepatic mixed function oxidase system. Epidemiological data have revealed the preventive and curative role of vitamin C on certain disease conditions in the body though controversies still persist. Vitamin C is effective in protecting against oxidative damage in tissues and also suppresses formation of carcinogens like nitrosamines. There is an inverse relationship with blood pressure and both plasma vitamin C and Vitamin C. Vitamin C has a lowering effect on blood pressure, especially on systolic pressure more than a diastolic pressure. Low levels of plasma vitamin C are associated with stroke and with an increased risk of all cause mortality. Increased consumption of ascorbic acid raises serum ascorbic levels and could decrease the risk of death.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Pluronic F68 and Phospholipon 90g Embedded Nanoformulation for Sertraline Delivery: An Optimized Factorial Design Approach and In Vivo Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Kushwaha ◽  
Manoj Kumar Mishra ◽  
Rajat Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Emulsification Solvent Evaporation

Objective: The objective of present work was to utilize the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) form improvement in bioavailability of Sertraline as antidepressant drug formulated by emulsification- solvent evaporation technique with some modification. NLC is the blend of solid lipid, liquid lipid and surfactant for encapsulation of poor water soluble actives. Design: A full 32 factorial design was utilized to study the effect of two independent parameters namely solid lipid to liquid lipid concentration and stabilizer concentration on the entrapment efficiency of the prepared NLCs. The sertraline NLC formulation was characterized with respect to particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta-potential, encapsulation efficiency and physical morphology. Result: The NLC formulation had an average diameter of 96.59 nm, PDI of 0.192, zeta-potential of -39.88 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 97%, respectively. Conclusion: The NLC formulation for sertraline encapsulation has been successfully developed and is suitable for nose to brain delivery system due to their nano-size and sta

scholarly journals Decreased expression of the vitamin C transporter SVCT1 by ascorbic acid in a human intestinal epithelial cell line

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren MacDonald ◽  
Alfred E. Thumser ◽  
Paul Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
High Doses

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient that is involved in a number of cellular processes. However, unlike most mammals, man is unable to synthesize vitamin C and it must therefore be acquired from the diet. Absorption of vitamin C is achieved by two transporters, SVCT1 and SVCT2, recently cloned from rat and human kidney. SVCT1 is thought to be the predominant transporter in the intestine. Vitamin C supplements are increasingly common, thus contributing to an increased dietary load, and therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high doses of ascorbic acid on SVCT1 expression. Using the Caco-2 TC7 cell model of small intestinal enterocytes, we measured the effects of ascorbic acid (4·5 mg/ml culture medium) on L-[14C]ascorbic acid uptake and SVCT1 expression (determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Ascorbic acid uptake was decreased significantly in Caco-2 TC7 cells exposed to ascorbate for 24 h (-50 %, P<0·0005). Expression of SVCT1 was also significantly reduced by exposure to elevated levels of ascorbate for 24 h (-77 %, P<0·005). Taken together these results suggest that high-dose supplements might not be the most efficient way of increasing the body pool of vitamin C.

A Case Of Vitamin C Deficiency Manifesting With Easy Bruising: Suggestion For a Supplementation Protocol

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4743-4743
Author(s):  
Aisha Zaidi ◽  
Padmini Moffett
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gingival Hyperplasia ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency ◽  
Normal Limits

Contrary to most animals which are capable of obtaining ascorbic acid (vitamin C) by metabolizing glucose, humans require an exogenous source of vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin found in various foods, including citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruit), green vegetables (peppers, broccoli, cabbage), tomatoes, and potatoes. It is essential for growth and repair of tissues, particularly blood vessels. Deficiency of vitamin C is relatively rare; the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) found approximately 13% of the US population to be vitamin C deficient. Smoking cigarettes lowers the amount of vitamin C in the body, so smokers are at a higher risk of deficiency. Additionally, alcoholics, the elderly, patients with psychiatric disorders and individuals who experience social isolation are also at risk. Symptoms can manifest after 3 months of deficient intake of vitamin C -containing foods. Since ascorbic acid is required for collagen synthesis, deficiency usually manifests with bleeding gums, ecchymoses, petechiae, coiled hairs and hyperkeratosis. Diagnosis can be established when plasma levels of vitamin C fall below 0.2mg/dl. There are currently no evidence based guidelines for supplementation once low levels are detected. We describe a case of a 33 year old Caucasian female seen in our clinic for easy bruising of 10 years duration. She would wake up in the morning with bruised arms and legs without any inciting trauma. She denied prolonged bleeding after dental extractions, frequent nose bleeds, menorrhagia any genitounrinary or gastrointestinal blood loss. Her exam revealed ecchymoses on her arms and legs with no evidence of perifollicular hemorrhage or gingival hyperplasia. Workup including CBC, Coagulation profile and Von Willibrand factor levels were all within normal limits. She had a vitamin C level of 0.1mg/dl. She was subsequently advised to increase vitamin C intake through fruits and vegetable and was started on vitamin C supplementation with 500mg twice a day for four weeks. Her repeat vitamin C level on her one month follow up was noted to be 1.9mg/dl. She noticed complete resolution of her symptoms. This case illustrates the fact that vitamin C deficiency should be excluded in adults presenting with bruising. It also offers a supplementation regimen that resulted in improvement of clinical symptoms as well as laboratory value normalization. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals APLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS DA VITAMINA C: UMA BREVE REVISÃO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (209) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mylena Rafaelle Maciel Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Historical View ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Contemporary Study

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid (AA) is extremely important for humans, as it is not metabolized by the human body, it is necessary to ingest it through diet and / or supplementation. AA has several functions in the body, such as enzymatic cofactors, hormone biosynthesis and antioxidant effect. However, research reports indicate that ingesting high doses of AA may pose health risks. Therefore, the descriptive effect of the clinical application of AA was analyzed. A bibliographic review was carried out and divided into two aspects: the historical view, which was published between 1753 and 2012, and another contemporary study was carried out between 1990 and 2017. The research was carried out on the Academic Google, PubMed, Scielo, Portal de Periódicos da Capes and books, using the keywords: vitamin C, ascorbic acid, antioxidants and pro-oxidants. AA supplements are controversial and their antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects have been described. Its effectiveness in preventing and treating diabetes and cancer is questionable. Therefore, excessive AA supplementation can cause a transition from a healthy to a pathological state, triggering pro-oxidant activity. In addition, the optimal intake dose and the limit between beneficial and harmful doses are still controversial. Therefore, vitamin C should be supplemented with caution and prescribed and supervised by the medical team.

scholarly journals Pharmacological and biochemical modulation of stress markers by L-NAME and L-Ascorbic acid in chronic restraint model in Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Giridhari Pal ◽  
Vishwajeet Rohil ◽  
Razi Akhtar ◽  
Tapan Behl ◽  
Sudha Bharati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biochemical Modulation ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Induced Changes

Background: Stress is the psycho-physiologic reaction of the body to diverse stimuli including emotional or physical stimuli that imbalance the homeostasis and is also known to trigger various stress markers. Despite the stressors of different types, chronic stress in particular, is known to influence the physiological milieu and breakdown of adaptive mechanisms consequently aggravating the morbid states.  Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the modulatory role of stress marker by N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) and L-Ascorbic acid (L-AA) in experimental model of chronic restraint stress (RSx21) in Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: MDA and GSH levels were determined by the method of Okhawa et al 1979 and Ellman 1959 respectively, the SOD and catalase levels were estimated by the method of Nandi and Chatterjee 1988 and Aebi 1984 respectively.Results: Results from our study reveal the significant enhancement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level while significant attenuation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase levels in chronic stress group compared with vehicle (non-stress) group. The MDA level was found to be increased by L-NAME (10 and 50 mg/kg) in chronic restraint (RSx21) induced rats as compared to vehicle treated RS group. Antioxidant L-AA (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced MDA level in chronic stress situation. However, L-NAME and L-Ascorbic Acid were found to cause an increase in level of plasma SOD, GSH and catalase when compared with vehicle treated RS group. On the other hand, L-AA (100 and 200 mg/kg) reversed these RS induced changes in these oxidative parameters.Conclusions: Hence, results from the study underlined the intricate role of antioxidants as evidenced by reversal of oxidative stress markers that command a vital role in the development of morbid condition.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(1) 2017 15-20

scholarly journals The content of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids and vitamin C in non-preserved juices, depending on their type and storage time

2021 ◽  
pp. 373-379
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
And Storage

Background. Vitamin C is one of the most important water-soluble vitamins. It is responsible for many important functions in the body, including: it has a positive effect on maintaining immunity, protects the body against free radicals, and also participates in the synthesis of hormones. Juices can be a good source of this vitamin. Most of the juices available on the market are processed products. Untreated juices, which do not contain added preservatives, sugar and are not pasteurized, constitute a smaller group on the market. Therefore, this group of juices can be a valuable product in human nutrition. Objective. The aim of the study was t o analyze the content of ascorbic acid (AA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) and vitamin C (TAA) in non-preserved juices, depending on their type and storage time. Material and methods. The analysis of T AA, AA and DHAA content in juices was carried out in ten types of nonpreserved juices from two companies (A and B), purchased in a chain of retail outlets. The analyzed juices in company A were: sauerkraut and carrot, grapefruit, orange, apple and mandarin, while in company B: orange, apple, apple and quince, grapefruit and mandarin. In test 1, the first ten juices were analyzed, in test 2 - another ten juices after one month, in test 3 - juices from test 2 were used, and three days after opening the package and storing the juices in standard refrigeration conditions, the stability test of AA was analyzed. The AA and TAA contents were determined using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The DHAA content was calculated by subtracting the AA content from the TAA content. Results. The highest TAA content was found in citrus juices, i.e. grapefruit, orange and mandarin, and the lowest in sauerkraut and carrot juices and apple juice. Moreover, ascorbic acid in apple juice was characterized by the lowest durability. Conclusions. In the production of non-preserved apple juice, consideration should be given to the natural protection of ascorbic acid by the addition of citrus or other fruit juice, vegetable juice or by using a mild technology in the production process.

Adrenal Cortical Activity in Scorbutic Monkeys and Guinea Pigs

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachchidananda Banerjee ◽  
Haobam Devendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency ◽  
Normal Controls

Twenty-four-hour urinary excretions of 17-ketosteroids were determined in female guinea pigs and rhesus monkeys during the progress of scurvy. Urinary excretions of both corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids were also determined in female guinea pigs during the progress of scurvy and in pair-fed normal controls. 17-Ketosteroid excretion diminished in both guinea pigs and monkeys during the early stages of their depletion of ascorbic acid. The excretion of this steroid, however, increased tremendously in all the 3 monkeys and in 7 of 10 guinea pigs, just before the animals died of severe scurvy. In three guinea pigs, the excretion was considerably diminished when they became acutely scorbutic. The excretion of both corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids increased to a considerable extent in four of five guinea pigs when they became severely scorbutic but in the remaining guinea pig both these excretions diminished when the animal became severely scorbutic. Inanition had little effect on the urinary excretions of these steroids. It is concluded that the levels of steroids of cortical origin in urine may not have any relation to the vitamin C nutrition of the body. Different degrees of stress produced in these animals due to vitamin C deficiency might be responsible for the variation in the excretions of these steroids.

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