scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ORAL FLORA IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH GINGIVITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Samira Hsaine ◽  
Fatima Zahrae Fethi ◽  
Reda Charof ◽  
Khadija Ounine
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation

Objective: Given the importance of the association between diabetes and periodontal disease, the main objective of the present study was to compare the microbial diversity responsible for gingivitis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Methods: Samples were collected from the oral cavity of 134 patients with gingivitis and categorised into 3 groups (68 non-diabetic patients and 66 diabetic patients; 33 with controlled diabetes and 33 with poorly controlled diabetes). Sample culture was carried out on selective culture media. The identification of isolated strains involved a series of biochemical tests including miniature galleries (API 20E and 20 Strep), the traditional biochemical gallery (tubes) and automated bacterial identification (BD Phoenix™).Results: Identification by biochemical methods made it possible to differentiate 14 bacterial species and one yeast. There was greater bacterial diversity in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients. Periodontal pathogens were isolated from both diabetic and non-diabetic populations; however, certain microbes such as Streptococcus acidominimus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were present only in diabetics, with a much higher percentage in those with poorly controlled diabetes.Conclusion: Poorly controlled diabetes causes metabolic dysregulation that can increase the severity of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of Meteorin-Like Hormone in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity and Its Association with Irisin

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
AlKhairi ◽  
Cherian ◽  
Abu-Farha ◽  
Madhoun ◽  
Nizam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing pandemic associated with metabolic dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Meteorin-like hormone (METRNL) is an adipomyokine that is linked to T2D. Our objective was to evaluate the changes in METRNL levels in T2D and obesity and assess the association of METRNL levels with irisin. Overall, 228 Arab individuals were enrolled. Plasma levels of METRNL and irisin were assessed using immunoassay. Plasma levels of METRNL and irisin were significantly higher in T2D patients than in non-diabetic patients (p < 0.05). When the population was stratified based on obesity, METRNL and irisin levels were significantly higher in obese than in non-obese individuals (p < 0.05). We found a significant positive correlation between METRNL and irisin (r = 0.233 and p = 0.001). Additionally, METRNL and irisin showed significant correlation with various metabolic biomarkers associated with T2D and Obesity. Our data shows elevated METRNL plasma levels in individuals with T2D, further exacerbated with obesity. Additionally, a strong positive association was observed between METRNL and irisin. Further studies are necessary to examine the role of these proteins in T2D and obesity, against their ethnic background and to understand the mechanistic significance of their possible interplay.

Correlation Study between H.pylori Bacteria Qnd Biochemical Tests In Type 2 of Iraqi Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4998
Author(s):  
Mohammed Flayyih Tareef ◽  
Abdulrazzaq Neamah Zghair ◽  
Nihad Khalawe Tektook
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Biochemical Tests

scholarly journals Does type 2 diabetic osteoporotic patients present more periodontal risks than non-osteoporotic patients? An evaluation with mandibular cortical index (Klemetti)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. e181211
Author(s):  
Wladimir Gushiken de Campos ◽  
Gonzalo André Montesinos ◽  
Rosa Cristina Peinado Agudo ◽  
Kaisermann Costa ◽  
Luciana Munhoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cortical Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Mandibular Cortical Index

Aim: This study aim was to evaluate if patients with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis have an increased risk of periodontal disease (horizontal and vertical bone loss) when compared to diabetic patients without osteoporosis. Additionally, to assess if patients with diabetes and osteoporosis have a greater risk of reduction of bone mineral density in the mandible, expressed by mandibular cortical index (MCI) when compared to diabetic patients without osteoporosis. Methods: 59 patients (39 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis; 20 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and without osteoporosis) were selected. Type 2 diabetes was previously diagnosed by glycated hemoglobin examination and osteoporosis by peripheral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Mandibular cortical index, as well as the presence of vertical and horizontal bone loss was verified on panoramic radiographs. Adjusted odds ratio analyses were performed on presence of periodontal disease and MCI considering the effect of osteoporosis. Results: Absence of statistical significance between variables was found. Conclusions: There is no difference between the risk of periodontal disease or low MCI among osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic type 2 diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Practices and the Effectiveness of Hand Sanitizers at Controlling Enteropathogens among the Residents of a University Community in Osun State Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Femi, Ayoade ◽  
Benedicta, Chidalu Nnabude ◽  
Chiagoziem Anariochi, Otuechere
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Aim: To explore perceptions, attitudes and hand washing practices in relation to the effectiveness of hand sanitizers in controlling enteropathogens amongst residents of a Nigerian University with the purpose of creating awareness on the importance of hand hygiene to control the spread of communicable diseases. Study Design: A simple random cluster sampling technique was used. A questionnaire designed to relate demographic and hand hygiene practices to the effectiveness of the practices to the control of enteropathogens was applied to the respondents. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between January and May, 2018 at the Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. Methodology: Sterile swabs moistened with sterile normal saline were used in sampling the palms of 50 respondents and the normal transient flora was established, samples were again taken to determine effectiveness of hand washing at reducing the bacterial load and the diversity of organisms isolated from the samples after hand washing and application of hand sanitizers. Using standard microbiological methods, serial dilutions of the swabs in normal saline were plated on Eosin Methylene Blue agar in order to isolate members of the bacterial family Enterobacteriacae. Identification was done using cultural, morphological and relevant biochemical tests. Subsequently, the results for the different treatments were compared using the Duncan’s multiple range test at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that at least 60% of the respondents were unaware of the WHO recommended way to wash hands and 72% of these do not wash their hands before eating food or after taking care of sick people. The predominant transient hand flora in the tested population were determined to be constituted by the following bacterial species, namely, Enterobacter spp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia pestis, Erwinia cactida, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Hand washing with soap was found to be more effective at reducing these on the hands of the respondents at a degree similar to treatment with the hand sanitizer were PL® with a label claim of 70% alcohol contentand more effective than hand sanitizers CS® and GC® with 62% and 60% alcohol content respectively. Conclusion: Hand washing with soap and water when done properly remains the most reliable means of breaking the cycle and spread of preventable enteropathogens in the community setting and it is perhaps more reliable than the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

scholarly journals Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Awartani
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Immunoglobulin Levels

Abstract Aim The association between diabetes and periodontal disease has been well documented. Periodontitis is associated with alterations in immune responses in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. While diabetes is considered to be a risk factor for periodontal disease progression, few studies have demonstrated an association between the level of glycemic control and periodontal disease. Although poor glycemic control is significantly associated with poor periodontal health, few studies have been performed in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the immune responses in poor and better glycemic control and its effect on periodontal tissue. The aim of this study is to assess serum immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, IgM) in type 2 diabetic (poor control and better control) and nondiabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. Methods and Materials A total of 105 female patients were included in the study and they were divided into three groups, with 35 patients in each group. Group 1 was comprised of cases of diabetes exhibiting better control (HbA1c≤9%) and Group 2 was comprised of cases of diabetes exhibiting poorer control (HbA1c>9%). The third group was comprised of nondiabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. In this study, clinical examination included plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and attachment level (measured in all three groups). Serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels were estimated and compared to the levels estimated for diabetic controls. Results Mean plaque index, bleeding index, and probing pocket depth showed no significant differences among the three groups. However, mean clinical attachment loss was significantly higher for Group 2 as compared to Groups 1 and 3. IgA and IgG levels were found to be significantly higher in Group 2 (poorly controlled diabetes) as compared to Group 1 (better control) and Group 3 (control group). There is a positive correlation between CAL and IgA and IgG, whereas there is a negative correlation between CAL and IgM. Conclusion The present study indicates that poor glycemic control may be associated with the increase in IgA and IgG serum antibodies. Elevated antibody levels may explain why poorly controlled diabetes exacerbates periodontal disease. Clinical Significance These findings demonstrate the importance of the immune system as well as good glycemic control, especially in patients diagnosed with periodontitis. The changes observed in immune response may be the cause or the effect of periodontal disease in diabetic patients. The increased incidence of periodontitis in diabetic patients suggests that the alteration in immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Citation Awartani F. Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 May; 11(3):001-008. Available from: http:// www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11-issue3- awartani.

scholarly journals Identification of Bacterial Species That Can Utilize Fructose-Asparagine

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anice Sabag-Daigle ◽  
Jikang Wu ◽  
Mikayla A. Borton ◽  
Anindita Sengupta ◽  
Venkat Gopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Utilization Pathway

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium is the only organism demonstrated to utilize fructose-asparagine (F-Asn) as a source of carbon and nitrogen. In this report, we first used a bioinformatics approach to identify other microorganisms that encode homologs of theSalmonellaF-Asn utilization enzymes FraB (deglycase), FraD (kinase), and FraE (asparaginase). These candidate organisms were then tested with up to four different methods to confirm their ability to utilize F-Asn. The easiest and most broadly applicable method utilized a biological toxicity assay, which is based on the observation that F-Asn is toxic to aSalmonella fraBmutant. Candidate organisms were grown in a rich medium containing F-Asn, and depletion of F-Asn from the medium was inferred by the growth of aSalmonella fraBmutant in that same medium. For select organisms, the toxicity assay was cross-validated by direct mass spectrometry-aided measurement of F-Asn in the spent-culture media and through demonstration of FraB and FraD enzyme activity in cellular extracts. For prototrophs, F-Asn utilization was additionally confirmed by growth in a minimal medium containing F-Asn as the sole carbon source. Collectively, these studies established thatClostridiumbolteae,Clostridium acetobutylicum, andClostridium clostridioformecan utilize F-Asn, butClostridium difficilecannot;Klebsiella oxytocaand someKlebsiella pneumoniaesubspecies can utilize F-Asn; and someCitrobacter rodentiumandCitrobacter freundiistrains can also utilize F-Asn. WithinSalmonella enterica, the host-adapted serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A have lost the ability to utilize F-Asn.IMPORTANCEFructose-asparagine (F-Asn) is a precursor to acrylamide that is found in human foods, and it is also a nutrient source forSalmonella enterica, a foodborne pathogen. Here, we determined that among the normal intestinal microbiota, there are species ofClostridiumthat encode the enzymes required for F-Asn utilization. Using complementary experimental approaches, we have confirmed that three members ofClostridium, two members ofKlebsiella, and two members ofCitrobactercan indeed utilize F-Asn. TheClostridiumspp. likely compete withSalmonellafor F-Asn in the gut and contribute to competitive exclusion. FraB, one of the enzymes in the F-Asn utilization pathway, is a potential drug target because inhibition of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of a toxic metabolite that inhibits the growth ofSalmonellaspecies. This study identifies the potential off-target organisms that need to be considered when developing therapeutics directed at FraB.

scholarly journals Can probiotic cleaning solutions replace chemical disinfectants in dental clinics?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Al-Marzooq ◽  
Shahad Al Bayat ◽  
Farah Sayyar ◽  
Hamdah Ishaq ◽  
Husain Nasralla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cleaning Product ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT Objectives: We aim to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of probiotic cleaning in a dental clinic at the University Dental Hospital Sharjah (UDHS), UAE. Materials and Methods: The current cleaning protocol of UDHS was evaluated by the surface swabbing of three dental clinics routinely cleaned using regular chemical disinfectants. Then, a new probiotic cleaning solution containing Bacillus subtilis was applied for 3 weeks in a selected clinic. Bacteria were grown onto selective culture media for colony counting from surfaces cleaned with probiotic solution compared to those obtained from the same surfaces cleaned with the regular chemical solutions. Isolates identity was confirmed by biochemical tests or polymerase chain reaction. Results: There was a significant reduction of the bacterial counts of various bacterial species (Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Gram-negative rods) from almost all the surfaces in the dental clinic after the application of the probiotic solution compared to the same surfaces cleaned with the regular chemical solutions. However, the antibiotic resistance rates were not significantly reduced within the short period of 3 weeks of using the new probiotic cleaning product. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the use of probiotic cleaning is effective in reducing microbial growth in dental settings. This approach may be tested further to examine the long-term effect and to evaluate the opportunity of applying this novel biotechnology as part of the infection control routine in dental settings instead of the chemical disinfectants which are known to cause serious health problems. This is the first study testing the application of probiotic-based solution in dental settings.

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