scholarly journals Can probiotic cleaning solutions replace chemical disinfectants in dental clinics?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Al-Marzooq ◽  
Shahad Al Bayat ◽  
Farah Sayyar ◽  
Hamdah Ishaq ◽  
Husain Nasralla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cleaning Product ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT Objectives: We aim to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of probiotic cleaning in a dental clinic at the University Dental Hospital Sharjah (UDHS), UAE. Materials and Methods: The current cleaning protocol of UDHS was evaluated by the surface swabbing of three dental clinics routinely cleaned using regular chemical disinfectants. Then, a new probiotic cleaning solution containing Bacillus subtilis was applied for 3 weeks in a selected clinic. Bacteria were grown onto selective culture media for colony counting from surfaces cleaned with probiotic solution compared to those obtained from the same surfaces cleaned with the regular chemical solutions. Isolates identity was confirmed by biochemical tests or polymerase chain reaction. Results: There was a significant reduction of the bacterial counts of various bacterial species (Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Gram-negative rods) from almost all the surfaces in the dental clinic after the application of the probiotic solution compared to the same surfaces cleaned with the regular chemical solutions. However, the antibiotic resistance rates were not significantly reduced within the short period of 3 weeks of using the new probiotic cleaning product. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the use of probiotic cleaning is effective in reducing microbial growth in dental settings. This approach may be tested further to examine the long-term effect and to evaluate the opportunity of applying this novel biotechnology as part of the infection control routine in dental settings instead of the chemical disinfectants which are known to cause serious health problems. This is the first study testing the application of probiotic-based solution in dental settings.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ORAL FLORA IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH GINGIVITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Samira Hsaine ◽  
Fatima Zahrae Fethi ◽  
Reda Charof ◽  
Khadija Ounine
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation

Objective: Given the importance of the association between diabetes and periodontal disease, the main objective of the present study was to compare the microbial diversity responsible for gingivitis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Methods: Samples were collected from the oral cavity of 134 patients with gingivitis and categorised into 3 groups (68 non-diabetic patients and 66 diabetic patients; 33 with controlled diabetes and 33 with poorly controlled diabetes). Sample culture was carried out on selective culture media. The identification of isolated strains involved a series of biochemical tests including miniature galleries (API 20E and 20 Strep), the traditional biochemical gallery (tubes) and automated bacterial identification (BD Phoenix™).Results: Identification by biochemical methods made it possible to differentiate 14 bacterial species and one yeast. There was greater bacterial diversity in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients. Periodontal pathogens were isolated from both diabetic and non-diabetic populations; however, certain microbes such as Streptococcus acidominimus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were present only in diabetics, with a much higher percentage in those with poorly controlled diabetes.Conclusion: Poorly controlled diabetes causes metabolic dysregulation that can increase the severity of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Microbial contamination of a University dental clinic in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Gisely Naura Venâncio ◽  
Victor Hugo Marques Coelho ◽  
Thiago Fontanella Cestari ◽  
Maxine Ennata Alves de Almeida ◽  
Carolinie Batista Nobre da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Dental Surface ◽  
The University ◽  
The Chairs ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Pathogens of the oral cavity of a patient can be transferred to the dental office surfaces by direct contact, aerosol instruments and blood or saliva. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbiological contamination presents in the stands, chairs and spittoons in the University Nilton Lins dental clinics, in Manaus, Amazonas. Samples were collected with sterile swabs and seeded in different microbiological culture media for the isolation of microorganisms collected from each room. Then, assays were carried out for identification of strains isolated from each environment, such as: Gram stain, DNA purification, Amplification of 16s rRNA genes and sequencing. All these experiments were performed in the LBS / ILMD / FIOCRUZ. It was found 40 CFU / mL in the stands, 43 on the chairs and 47 in the spittoons and it was also possible to identify microorganisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei and Staphylococcus aureus. The greatest number of CFUs was found in Clinic 3 and it was observed that the spittoon was the dental surface with the highest number of CFUs. Some of the bacterial species isolated are opportunists, suggesting that more severe biosecurity measures must be taken in order to prevent cross-infection.Pathogens of the oral cavity of a patient can be transferred to the dental office surfaces by direct contact, aerosol instruments and blood or saliva. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbiological contamination presents in the stands, chairs and spittoons in the University Nilton Lins dental clinics, in Manaus, Amazonas. Samples were collected with sterile swabs and seeded in different microbiological culture media for the isolation of microorganisms collected from each room. Then, assays were carried out for identification of strains isolated from each environment, such as: Gram stain, DNA purification, Amplification of 16s rRNA genes and sequencing. All these experiments were performed in the LBS / ILMD / FIOCRUZ. It was found 40 CFU / mL in the stands, 43 on the chairs and 47 in the spittoons and it was also possible to identify microorganisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei and Staphylococcus aureus. The greatest number of CFUs was found in Clinic 3 and it was observed that the spittoon was the dental surface with the highest number of CFUs. Some of the bacterial species isolated are opportunists, suggesting that more severe biosecurity measures must be taken in order to prevent cross-infection.

scholarly journals Identificación bacteriana en teléfonos celulares de estudiantes de medicina que acuden o no, a un Hospital General en Mérida, Yucatán, México

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Angel D. CAAMAL-LEY ◽  
Miguel A. PUC-FRANCO ◽  
Mario R HEREDIA-NAVARRETE ◽  
David LINDO-PEREZ ◽  
Alberto VARGAS-GONZALEZ
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
First Year Medical Students

The cell phone is an important tool for communication, consultation and information exchange; Studies carried out in hospitals have shown that cell phones of medical personnel are contaminated by nosocomial pathogens. However, the bacterial species that the cell phones house and their potential risk have not been determined. We analized the cell phones of 30 first-year medical students who do not visit the hospital in their studies vs. 30 students who perform their clerkship practices in hospitals, to determine the differences in bacterial loads. Samples were taken by sterile swabs moistened with isotonic saline. McConkey and salt-mannitol agar were used as culture media. The biochemical tests used for identification of enterobacteria were citrate, MIO, LIA, urea and TSI. Degradation tests of mannitol, coagulase, catalase and oxidase were used for the identification of staphylococci. Likewise, smears and Gram staining of the isolated colonies were performed. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomona sp. were mainly found. Differences in number and bacterial species were found in the cell phones of each study group, representing a reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacteria for humans.

scholarly journals Enumeration of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Different Bacterial Isolates from ENT Patients with Ear Infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Children are more susceptible to ear infection than adults worldwide, especially in developing countries. In Bangladesh like other developing countries antibiotics is a common choice of treatment in an ear infection. This study was sought to determine causative agents both in right and left ear infection and their antibacterial susceptibility pattern from patients with an ear infection. Specimens of ear discharge were collected aseptically using a sterile swab and cultured on MacConkey’s agar, blood agar, and chocolate agar. After inoculating on appropriate culture media bacterial isolates were identified by their colony morphology, culture characteristics, Gram reaction, and biochemical tests. In this study, a total of 70 positive cases of patients were included. Among these 27 (38.6%) were male, and 43(61.4%) were female. The prevalence of ear infection was significantly high in females (61.4%) than males (38.6%). The predominant bacterial isolates from positive culture were Staphylococcus aureus 43(61.4%), followed by Pseudomonas spp., 13 (18.6%), Streptococcus spp., 8(11.4%), Proteus spp., 5(7.2%), and Klebsiella spp., 1(1.4%). The antibacterial agent like Amikacin and Gentamicin showed a high level of antibacterial effect on all identified bacterial isolates. On the other hand, 98.6% of isolates were found highly resistant to Co-Trimoxazole and Flucloxacillin. Moreover, Streptococcus spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas spp., were highly resistant to multiple drugs (more than 4). A high degree of antibiotic resistance was observed among most of the drugs used in this study. However, Amikacin and Gentamicin were highly effective against the isolated bacterial species. Therefore, culture and susceptibility tests are vital for the appropriate treatment of ear infection.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification of Bacterial Species Causing Chronic suppurative Otitis Media and Detection Some of Their Virulence Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yumna Shaker Mahmood1 ◽  
Suha Maher Abed1 ◽  
Amar Mohammed Alwan2
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Almost All

The study is conducted to diagnose the aerobic bacterial species causing chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), reveal the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and detect some of their virulence factors. Samples were collected during the period from June till December 2018.  From a total of eighty-two patients admitted to Samarra Hospital and outpatient clinics of both genders with different age groups, 82 bacterial culture are recovered using a cotton swab. Identification of bacterial isolates is performed depending on micro and macroscopic cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Results of the current work show that the highest infection rates are at the age groups >1 to 5 and 11 to 20 years by (20%). Among eight bacterial species isolated in the current study (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K.pneumonia, S.epidermidis, E.coli, P.vulgaris, C. freundii, E. Cloacae), S. aureus had scored the highest rate (41%) of the total infections while the lowest rate was scored by E.Cloacae(1%). The antibiotic sensitivity test suggests that almost all isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and meropenem (96% and 94% respectively) while they were resistant to Cefixime. The ability of bacteria is isolated from CSOM to produce biofilm and some virulence factors (gelatinase, hemolysin, DNase, urease) are investigated the virulence factor results revealed that. S. aureus, P.aeruginosa, K. pneumonia had the ability to produce biofilm and S. aureus, P. aeruginosa  have the ability the highest production for the majority of virulence factors.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.128

Identification Pseudomonas aeruginosa by OprD Gene for Differentiation from Other Pseudomonas Species that Isolated from Clinical Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Ashwak B Al-Hashimy ◽  
Huda S Alagely ◽  
Akeel K Albuaji ◽  
Khalid R Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Specific Sequences

The present study included the collection of 100 samples from various clinical sources for investigating the presence of P. aeruginosa in those sources, the samples have been collected from some hospitals in Baghdad and Hillah city (Al-qassim General Hospital, ,Al-hillah teaching hospital,and Al-hashimya General hospital ) which included wounds, burns, ear and sputum infections. The study was carried out through October 2017 till the end of March 2018. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing or number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to P.aeruginosa bacteria during previous tests based on the OprD gene which has specific sequences for P.aeruginosa bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance . The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as 18 of burns, 11 isolates of wounds, 6 isolates of ear infection and 3 isolates of sputum, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for elected 38 isolation towards the 9 antibiotic by a Bauer - Kirby and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as Ciprofloxacin 65.7%, Norflaxacin 71%, Imipenem 63.1% Meropenem 68.4%, Gentamicin 65.7%, Amikacin 26.3%, Cefepime 68.4%, Ceftazidime 65.7% and Piperacillin 57.8%.Molecular method , All isolates (38) of P. aeruginosa positive for the diagnostic special gene (OprD) genes (100%).

The size of extracellular vesicles secreted by different types of stem cells

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
И.Б. Алчинова ◽  
М.В. Полякова ◽  
И.Н. Сабурина ◽  
М.Ю. Карганов
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Almost All

Механизм терапевтического действия мультипотентных мезенхимных стволовых клеток (ММСК) на облученный организм в последнее время вызывает повышенный интерес исследователей. В качестве активного участника паракринного механизма реализации этого эффекта предлагают рассматривать внеклеточные везикулы, секретируемые практически всеми клетками живого организма. Цель работы: выделить и охарактеризовать внеклеточные везикулы, продуцируемые стволовыми клетками различной природы. Материалы и методы. Суспензии внеклеточных везикул, выделенных по модифицированному протоколу дифференциального центрифугирования из культуральных жидкостей от культур ММСК костного мозга человека 2-го пассажа и ММСК жировой ткани крысы 4-го пассажа, были проанализированы методом просвечивающей электронной микроскопии и методом анализа траекторий наночастиц. Результаты. Исследование показало наличие в обоих образцах микрочастиц размерами до и около 100 нм, однако процентное содержание частиц разных размеров в суспензии различалось для двух анализируемых типов клеток. Заключение. Полученные результаты могут свидетельствовать о специфике секреции, обусловленной клеточным типом. A mechanism of the therapeutic effect of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSC) on irradiated body has recently arisen much interest of researchers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by almost all cells of a living organism were suggested to actively contribute to the paracrine mechanism of this effect. The aim of the study was isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles produced by various types of stem cells. Materials and methods. Suspensions of EVs were isolated from culture media of passage 2 human bone marrow-derived MMSC and passage 4 rat adipose tissue-derived MMSC using a modified protocol of differential centrifugation and then studied using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Results. The study showed the presence of microparticles with a size of >100 nm in the examined samples. However, the percent content of particles with different sizes in the suspension was different in two analyzed types of cell culture. Conclusion. The study results might reflect a specificity of secretion determined by the cell type.

scholarly journals Global Fluoroquinolone Resistance Epidemiology and Implictions for Clinical Use

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Dalhoff
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Resistance Rates

This paper on the fluoroquinolone resistance epidemiology stratifies the data according to the different prescription patterns by either primary or tertiary caregivers and by indication. Global surveillance studies demonstrate that fluoroquinolone resistance rates increased in the past years in almost all bacterial species exceptS. pneumoniaeandH. influenzae, causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections. However, 10 to 30% of these isolates harbored first-step mutations conferring low level fluoroquinolone resistance. Fluoroquinolone resistance increased in Enterobacteriaceae causing community acquired or healthcare associated urinary tract infections and intraabdominal infections, exceeding 50% in some parts of the world, particularly in Asia. One to two-thirds of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum -lactamases were fluoroquinolone resistant too. Furthermore, fluoroquinolones select for methicillin resistance inStaphylococci.Neisseria gonorrhoeaeacquired fluoroquinolone resistance rapidly; actual resistance rates are highly variable and can be as high as almost 100%, particularly in Asia, whereas resistance rates in Europe and North America range from <10% in rural areas to >30% in established sexual networks. In general, the continued increase in fluoroquinolone resistance affects patient management and necessitates changes in some guidelines, for example, treatment of urinary tract, intra-abdominal, skin and skin structure infections, and traveller’s diarrhea, or even precludes the use in indications like sexually transmitted diseases and enteric fever.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cogo ◽  
Michelle Franz Montan ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Eduardo D. Andrade ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on the viability of some oral bacterial species. It also evaluated the ability of these bacteria to metabolize those substances. Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii , Porphyromonas gingivalis , or Fusobacterium nucleatum and dual-species biofilms of S. gordonii – F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum – P. gingivalis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Seven species were studied as planktonic cells, including Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus mitis , Propionibacterium acnes , Actinomyces naeslundii , and the species mentioned above. The viability of planktonic cells and biofilms was analyzed by susceptibility tests and time-kill assays, respectively, against different concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations in the culture media after the assays. Susceptibility tests and viability assays showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine cannot reduce or stimulate bacterial growth. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations were not altered after bacteria exposure. These findings indicate that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine, in the concentrations used, cannot affect significantly the growth of these oral bacterial strains. Moreover, these species do not seem to metabolize these substances.

Sex difference in the cytosolic and nuclear distribution of androgen receptor in mouse submandibular gland

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kyakumoto ◽  
R. Kurokawa ◽  
Y. Ohara-Nemoto ◽  
M. Ota
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Androgen Binding

ABSTRACT Cytosol and nuclear androgen receptors in submandibular glands of male and female mice were measured by an exchange assay at 0 °C. The binding of [3H]methyltrienolone to cytosol receptors in females was mostly saturated within a short period of incubation (3 h), whereas the saturation was much slower in males; suggesting that almost all of the cytosol receptors were unoccupied in females and the receptors were partially occupied in males. Nuclear receptors were extracted with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (5 mmol/l) from nuclear fractions with 93–95% efficiency. The exchange of the bound steroids occurred by 24–48 h at 0 °C, suggesting that most of the nuclear androgen receptor was occupied. The binding was low at higher temperatures, probably due to inactivation of the receptor. Scatchard analysis showed that the apparent dissociation constants of cytosol and nuclear receptors were similar (0·8 and 0·9 nmol/l respectively) in both sexes. On the other hand, the number of androgen-binding sites in the nucleus was much higher in males than in females (1052 fmol/mg DNA and 32 fmol/mg DNA respectively), while the number in the cytosol was higher in females than in males (512 fmol/mg DNA and 368 fmol/mg DNA respectively). These observations show that androgen receptors exist mainly (74%) in the nuclei of males, while they exist mostly (94%) in the cytosol of females. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 267–273

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