scholarly journals Сохранность и изменяемость поэтико-стилевых слагаемых в разновременных записях песни «Шара Гюргю» эпоса «Джангар»

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-566
Author(s):  
Bayrta B. Mandzhieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Audio Recording ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Heroic Epic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
Over Time

Introduction. In the system of artistic and visual means, the epithet occupies one of the important places. To create a heroic image, the narrator uses epithets that characterize the status of the hero, age and heroic merits of the heroes. Goal and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study artistic-identifying combinations - epithets in the recordings of the song “Shara Gyurgyu” at different times, to identify their preservation and change over time. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: epithets were identified in three different-temporal texts of the song “Shara Gyurgyu” (1862, 1970, 1971), a comparative analysis of artistic-identifying combinations in the texts of different dzhangarchi was carried out. Method. To study the poetical and stylistic texture, we applied the comparative method. The material of the research was records of different times: 1) “The Song about how the famous Ulan Shovshur of the mangas khan of the Ferocious Shara Gyurgyu reproached the Maloderbet cycle of 1862; 2) an audio recording of “Songs about the duel of a lion [-the hero] Ulan Khongor the Beautiful with the Ferocious Shara Gyurgyu” by Jangarchi Telty Lidzhiev 1970; 3) audio recording of “Song of Shara Gyurgyu” by jangarchi Mikhail Mandzhiev 1971. Results. The study of epithets in recordings of the song “Shara Gyurgyu” at different times showed that over more than a century that has passed since the first recording, the epic text in its artistic embodiment has undergone changes. The song “Shara Gyurgyu” of the Maloderbet cycle of 1862 is distinguished by an abundance of epithets, while in the recordings of the late tradition of the epic, there is a transformation of the artistic level of the text. Storytellers Teltya Lidzhiev and Mikhail Mandzhiev adhere to the main plot structure in the process of performance, without sharpening attention to poetic tropes. Observations of the texts of different storytellers at different times show that Dzhangarchi, having a wider epic knowledge, performs the song in accordance with the criteria of fidelity of reproduction, following the tradition of the epic school to which he belonged. A comparative analysis of recordings of the song “Shara Gyurgyu” at different times allowed us to identify constant units at the level of textual embodiment, which accumulate the poetical and stylistic basis of the epic narrative and mark the key links of the epic narration of the Kalmyk heroic epic “Dzhangar”.

Alfarabi on the Prudence of Founders

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Colmo
Keyword(s):  
Political Order ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
Over Time

Two striking features of Alfarabi's Book of Religion remind us of Machiavelli's Prince. Alfarabi is very much concerned with what Machiavelli would call a new prince, the founder of a political order. Like Machiavelli, Alfarabi emphasizes the extent to which the founder needs prudence, understood as the faculty by which political men make sound determinations about particular circumstances. The status of prudence is enhanced by the pervasiveness of change over time as Alfarabi sees it. The pervasiveness of change entails that any political founding will require repeated, and prudent, renewal. For Alfarabi, as for Machiavelli, the varying dictates of prudence in response to specific political situations pose a challenge to the universal rules or laws found in religion. Alfarabi differs from Machiavelli in carefully distinguishing prudence from mere cunning or cleverness, depending on whether or not the end sought is morally good.

The Islamization of Economies and Knowledge

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
Habib Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Over Time

Using ideas from New Institutional Economics (NIE), this paper examines the Islamization of economies and links it to the Islamization of knowledge. NIE uses a multi-disciplinary approach to explain how economic structures evolve and change over time. These structures are studied at four levels: cultural, institutional, organizational, and transactional. While culture embodies a given society’s body of knowledge, the nature and growth of that knowledge determine the type and evolution of an economy’s institutions, organizations, and transactions. This paper contends that the Islamization of economies failed mainly due to a lack of the Islamic knowledge needed to produce the appropriate institutions and organizations. After examining the status of knowledge in the Muslim world, examples of legal institutions are presented to illustrate how dormant Islamic scholarship led to economic structures that lack an Islamic ethos. Establishing an Islamic economic structure would require reorienting an Islamic society’s culture via the creation of new Islamic knowledge that can build appropriate institutions, organizations, and transactions.

The Islamization of Economies and Knowledge

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
Habib Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Over Time

Using ideas from New Institutional Economics (NIE), this paper examines the Islamization of economies and links it to the Islamization of knowledge. NIE uses a multi-disciplinary approach to explain how economic structures evolve and change over time. These structures are studied at four levels: cultural, institutional, organizational, and transactional. While culture embodies a given society’s body of knowledge, the nature and growth of that knowledge determine the type and evolution of an economy’s institutions, organizations, and transactions. This paper contends that the Islamization of economies failed mainly due to a lack of the Islamic knowledge needed to produce the appropriate institutions and organizations. After examining the status of knowledge in the Muslim world, examples of legal institutions are presented to illustrate how dormant Islamic scholarship led to economic structures that lack an Islamic ethos. Establishing an Islamic economic structure would require reorienting an Islamic society’s culture via the creation of new Islamic knowledge that can build appropriate institutions, organizations, and transactions.

The Status of the Extension of estar in Cuban Spanish

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela G. Alfaraz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Cuban Spanish ◽  
Variationist Sociolinguistics ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractThis paper presents variationist sociolinguistics research on the copula estar with predicate adjectives in Cuban Spanish, a variety in which it appears to have gone largely uninvestigated. To examine its social and linguistic distribution, a real-time study with data from the 1960s and 1990s was coupled with an apparent-time study with data from the 1990s. Findings showed that generation and adjective type were significant factors constraining the variation. The comparison of different generations in real and apparent time suggested that the frequency of estar had increased significantly in the younger generation compared to older ones, and it had remained stable for the two age cohorts studied in real time. Results for following adjective showed that the extension of estar was favored in two of eight adjective classes. These findings suggest that Cuban Spanish has experienced a change over time in the frequency and distribution of innovative estar with predicate adjectives.

scholarly journals Changes in Work Orientations in Postsocialist Serbia

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-364
Author(s):  
Dunja Poleti Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe subject of this study is work orientations, their change over time, as well as their distribution among the economically active citizens of Serbia. Particular attention is paid to work-motivated spatial mobility. The aim of this study is twofold: firstly, to determine which work orientations have been the most important for economically active individuals in the period of consolidation of the capitalist system in Serbia and to explore and explain the changes in their choices that have occurred since 2000; and secondly, to examine whether there are differences in prioritizing work orientations among actors with various social characteristics. The method of comparative analysis used in this paper was possible due to survey data collected during longitudinal research conducted by the Institute for Sociological Research in Belgrade over the last twenty years.

scholarly journals Are Worldwide Governance Indicators Stable or Do They Change over Time? A Comparative Study Using Multivariate Analysis

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3257
Author(s):  
Isabel Gallego-Álvarez ◽  
Miguel Rodríguez-Rosa ◽  
Purificación Vicente-Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Stable Structure ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Governance is a characteristic of political systems that indicates the degrees of cooperation and interaction between a state and non-state actors when it comes to decision making that will have an impact on society. The aim of our research focuses on analysing the behaviour of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) over the 2002–2019 period, since we are interested in learning whether such indicators varied or remained constant. Moreover, we will gain insight into the evolution of these indicators across countries in different geographical areas. The techniques we have chosen for this research are as follows: Partial Triadic Analysis, also known as X-STATIS, to highlight the stable structure of the evolution of the indicators and countries along the years by means of building an average year; Tucker3 to highlight deeper relationships among countries, indicators and years. A comparative analysis of these methods will allow us to check whether the WGI are stable over the years studied or whether they vary over time, providing information about the differences between the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) in several countries or geographical areas.

Coping with Complexity: Analyzing Cooperation and Coordination in Multiparty Mediation Processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siniša Vuković
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Game Theoretical Model ◽  
Multiparty Mediation ◽  
Mediation Processes ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Crucial challenges for multiparty mediation processes include the achievement of adequate cooperation among the mediators and consequent coordination of their activities in the mediation process. Existing literature goes only as far as to make it clear that successful mediation requires necessary cooperation and coordination between mediators, as if these features were exogenous to the process. Available research does not consider whether these features might change over time and if such change could have an impact on the overall mediation process. Experience shows that it is not rare for mediators who were initially willing to pool their resources and act in concert with one another to decide at a later point to stop cooperating. Using a game theoretical model and a comparative analysis of three recent cases of multiparty mediation, this research illustrates the importance of maintaining necessary levels of cooperation and coordination to achieve successful outcomes and provides insights on how to achieve them in case the mediating coalition is faced with internal conflict of interests.

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