scholarly journals Are Worldwide Governance Indicators Stable or Do They Change over Time? A Comparative Study Using Multivariate Analysis

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3257
Author(s):  
Isabel Gallego-Álvarez ◽  
Miguel Rodríguez-Rosa ◽  
Purificación Vicente-Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Stable Structure ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Governance is a characteristic of political systems that indicates the degrees of cooperation and interaction between a state and non-state actors when it comes to decision making that will have an impact on society. The aim of our research focuses on analysing the behaviour of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) over the 2002–2019 period, since we are interested in learning whether such indicators varied or remained constant. Moreover, we will gain insight into the evolution of these indicators across countries in different geographical areas. The techniques we have chosen for this research are as follows: Partial Triadic Analysis, also known as X-STATIS, to highlight the stable structure of the evolution of the indicators and countries along the years by means of building an average year; Tucker3 to highlight deeper relationships among countries, indicators and years. A comparative analysis of these methods will allow us to check whether the WGI are stable over the years studied or whether they vary over time, providing information about the differences between the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) in several countries or geographical areas.

A comparative study of RFID adoption patterns in retail

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Narges Kasiri ◽  
G. Scott Erickson ◽  
Gerd Wolfram
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
The Us ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Over Time

Radio frequency identification (RFID) has been viewed as a promising technology for quite some time. Initially developed a couple of decades ago, the technology has been accompanied by predictions of imminent widespread adoption since its beginnings. A majority of retailers and other users are now using or planning to use the technology. This paper employs a combination of the technology-organization-environment (TOE) model and the 3-S (substitution, scale, structural) model to analyze the long journey of RFID adoption in retail. Top retail executives in the US and Europe were interviewed to investigate RFID adoption patterns based on differences in technological, organizational, and environmental circumstances. As the retail industry is moving into a post-adoption era, these results demonstrate the current stage of retail RFID adoption, identify factors playing important roles over time as motivators or impediments, and provide some insight into the slow pace of adoption.

Historical Institutionalism and Judicial Decision-Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
High Court ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Over Time

This article integrates insights from different veins of historical institutionalism to offer an analytical framework that specifies how ideas, institutions, and actors account for key aspects of judicial decision-making, including change over time. To the extent that ideas are widely distributed, highly salient, and stable among actors in the judicial field, they can affect patterns of rulings in a particular issue area. The distribution, salience, and stability of norms, however, may change over time for reasons embedded in the institutional structures themselves. Existing policies, laws, or treaties create the potential for new actors to enter the judicial field through processes that theorists of institutional change have identified as intercurrence, displacement, conversion, layering, and drift. New actors can shift the relative salience of ideas already rooted in the judicial field. This ideational salience amplification can alter patterns of judicial decision-making without the fundamental and often costly battles involved in wholesale paradigm change. French high court hate speech decisions provide the context for the development of this framework and serve to illustrate the dynamic. The author uses evidence from an original dataset of every ruling by the French Court of Cassation regarding racist hate speech from 1972 through 2012 to explain the varying propensity of the high court to restrict speech that targets majorities compared to minorities.

Identity

2018 ◽  
pp. 288-316
Author(s):  
Vivian L. Vignoles
Keyword(s):  
Social Processes ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Identity refers to how people answer the question, “Who are you?” This question may be posed and answered explicitly or implicitly, at a personal or a collective level, to others or to oneself. Perspectives on identity tend to emphasize either personal or social contents and either personal or social processes. This chapter outlines key parameters for an integrative understanding of identity, arguing that identities are inescapably both personal and social, in their content and in the processes by which they are formed, maintained, and changed over time. Drawing on perspectives from psychology and neighboring disciplines, it examines the extensive and interconnected nature of identity content and the confluence of sociocultural, relational, and individual processes by which identities are formed, maintained, and change over time. The simultaneously personal and social nature of identity gives the construct its greatest theoretical potential: to provide insight into the relationship between the individual and society.

Politicization of bureaucracy : A framework for measurernent

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-302
Author(s):  
R.B. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Different Dimensions

The idea that bureaucracy is a «rational» and «depoliticized» instrument in the conduct of public affairs, has recently come under severe criticism. Assuming the inevitable trend towards «politicization», modern bureaucracies can possibly be classified info four different categories, i.e. : «De-politicized», «Semi-politicized», «Committed» and «Fully-politicized». Such a classification is based on the operationalization of certain indices on four different dimensions viz. a) Degree of Bureaucracy's Influence in Decision-making; b) Degree of its Involvement in Political Activities; c) Degree of Political Interference in its Work and d) its Image in the Public. The extent of «politicization» of any bureaucratic system and its actual deviation from the defined categories will, however, depend upon the available pattern of the characteristic indices in that particular society. Notwithstanding certain difficulties in the operationalization of such indices, the model should be helpful in providing a framework for a comparative analysis and measurement of «politicization» of bureaucracies in different political systems.

scholarly journals Typology of think tanks: A comparative study in Finland and Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 72-90
Author(s):  
Mykkänen Markus ◽  
Freshwater Neil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Politics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Research Publications

This paper provides a comparative analysis of current Finnish and Scottish think tanks and reviews how think tanks in these countries have evolved, how think tanks seek to influence decision making and engage with their stakeholders. To address the ways of influence this paper looks how Finnish and Scottish think tanks describe themselves and how they use publications in their advocacy. Conducted content analysis indicates that usually registered association based Finnish think tanks are generally more research-focused organisations, who overall deploy more research publications for advocacy than the company based Scottish think tanks. Findings also reveal that the number of think tanks in both countries has greatly increased in the last two decades due to the political challenges with European Union and national politics. The paper provides a new approach to study think tanks in national contexts.

scholarly journals Aspek Insentif, Mekanisme Pengambilan Keputusan dan Koordinasi (Analisis Komparasi Sistem-Sistem Ekonomi)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Nafis Irkhami
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Ethical System ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Economic Motives

This paper is intended as a general comparative study on the economic system of capitalism, socialism and Islamic economics. The comparative analysis is conducted by reviewing aspects of incentives, decision-making mechanism and coordination. Inter-systemic review in this paper shows that Islamic economic system is determined by the parameters of its own ethical system which shows originality and relativity. Unlike other systems, the ethical impulse that is based on the Islamic worldview is fully integrated with Islamic economic motives. Limited freedom assigned to the behavior of consumption and production, as well as the emphasis on the distribution of wealth cannot be separated from the purpose of goodness (world and the hereafter).Tulisan ini dimaksudkan sebagai studi komparasi general atas sistem ekonomikapitalisme, sosialisme (ekonomi komando) dan ekonomi Islam. Analisiskomparasi tersebut dilakukan dengan meninjau aspe-aspek insentif, mekanismepengambilan keputusan dan koordinasi. Tinjauan inter-sistemik dalam tulisanini menunjukkan bahwa sistem ekonomi Islam ditentukan berdasarkan parameter-parameter sistem etisnya sendiri, yang menunjukkan adanya orisinalitas dan relativitasnya. Tidak seperti sistem lain, impuls-impuls etik yang didasarkan pada worldview Islam tersebut sepenuhnya terintegrasi dengan motif-motif ekonomi Islam. Kebebasan terbatas yang ditetapkan untuk perilaku konsumsi dan produksi, serta penekanan pada distribusi kekayaan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari tujuan kemaslahatan (dunia maupun akhirat).

Comparing Communist Nations: Prospects for an Empirical Approach

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Shoup
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Emerging Nations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Comparative Study

The past decade has witnessed a rapid, but uneven, growth in comparative studies. While certain types of political systems have received the lion's share of attention, others have remained backwaters of comparative research, experiencing little or no development in the application of comparative techniques. The comparative study of communist states, until recently, fell into the latter category—relatively neglected and certainly not enjoying the reputation and prestige of work with newly emerging nations or Western political systems.Now this state of affairs is undergoing a change, or at least the promise of one. In the past several years, the possibility of developing comparative techniques in the study of communist political systems has become the object of growing interest and has provoked not a little discussion and debate.1The opportunities and the problems that face this field—especially in developing empirically oriented comparative analysis—are the subject of the present article.

scholarly journals Cognitive Function May be a Predictor of Retinopathy Progression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Trento ◽  
Lorena Charrier ◽  
Martina Salassa ◽  
Stefano Merlo ◽  
Pietro Passera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Fundus Photographs ◽  
Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, progress over time and may be associated with cognitive decline. In this article, we aim to gain further insight into the association between cognitive function and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Methods and Results In this observational 8-year prospective study of 498 outpatients, demographic and clinical variables were monitored, along with retinopathy, depression, anxiety, and cognitive function. Baseline fundus photographs were available in 477 patients, 240 with no retinopathy, 110 with mild retinopathy, and 127 with moderate/more severe retinopathy. Of the first 2 groups, 279 patients were reevaluated after 8 years, of whom 181 still had no/mild retinopathy and 98 had progressed to more severe stages. On multivariate analysis, retinopathy progression was associated with being insulin-treated (p = 0.036), and worse cognitive function (p = 0.025) at baseline. Conclusions Cognitive function may be an independent predictor of retinopathy progression.

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