scholarly journals Остеологические материалы городища Уфа-2 (исследования 2013 и 2016 гг.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-605
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Romanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Material Distribution ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
Lower Stratum ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Stage 1

Goals. The article discusses results of studies that dealt with osteological collections obtained during excavations at Ufa-2 hillfort in 2013 and 2016. Special attention is paid to the dynamics in livestock structure during the period of the monument’s functioning. Results. Analysis of the bone material distribution in the cultural layer of the once inhabited part of the monument makes it possible to clarify the consistent pattern revealed earlier through materials of 2017 excavations. The lower stratum of the cultural layer (stage 1) is dominated by bones of sheep and goats, while the upper ones (stage 2) witness a decrease in the share thereof accompanied by a gradual increase in the number of horse bones. Stage 3 identified in 2017 is not clearly distinguishable in the materials obtained in 2013, which might be due to a violation of the cultural layer integrity in the area and employed methods of osteological materials selecting. 2016 archaeological survey of the moat gave rise to a hypothesis that the fortification (moat) was built in the 3rd–4th centuries AD and functioned for one or two centuries only to be further repeatedly filled with soil taken from the inhabited part of the site. Conclusions. Analysis of osteological collections from undisturbed layers of the moat (backfilling stages 1 and 2) shows that chronologically stage 1 can be correlated to an increase in the amount of Turbasli culture and Romanovka type ceramics in the cultural layer of the inhabited areas. And stage 2 may have taken shape by the middle or end of the chronological period. Thus, the findings confirm and clarify the hypothesis proposed on the basis of the analysis of archaeological data conducted.

scholarly journals PERANG PASIFIK DI PULAU MOROTAI: Rekonstruksi Infrastruktur dan Strategi Perang

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Wuri Handoko ◽  
Arsthen P. Godlief ◽  
Cheviano E. Alputila
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Military Archaeology

Pacific war in Morotai is an important historical event in Indonesia as well as in the world. The Pacific war involving two major powers, the Allies and Japan, left a trail of archaeological studies examined to record a very important historical event in the Pacific region of Morotai Island. Based on the concept of military archaeology, this study uses archaeological data to reconstruct infrastructure and allied strategies in combat against Japan. Investigation of these remains proceeded through studying textual and photographic records on the Allies' occupation of Morotai Island, and examination of modern-day aerial photographs of the terrain where the Allies built their infrastructure, followed by archaeological survey and through interviewing local residents to describe traces of the Pacific war infrastructure. The results explain that the preparation of good infrastructure by the allies is part of the war strategy, which determines the win for the allies against the Japanese.Perang pasifik di Morotai merupakan peristiwa sejarah yang penting di Indonesia dan juga di dunia. Perang Pasifik yang melibatkan dua kekuatan besar, Sekutu dan Jepang, meninggalkan jejak arkeologi peperangan yang dikaji untuk merekam peristiwa sejarah yang sangat penting di kawasan pasifik di Pulau Morotai. Berdasarkan konsep military archaeology, penelitian ini menggunakan data arkeologi untuk merekonstruksi infrastruktur dan strategi sekutu dalam pertempuran melawan Jepang. Investigasi arkeologi dilakukan dengan mempelajari catatan tekstual dan fotografis tentang pendudukan Pulau Morotai oleh Sekutu, dan pemeriksaan foto-foto udara modern di daerah Sekutu membangun infrastruktur, dan selanjutnya melakukan survei arkeologi dan wawancara penduduk setempat untuk menggambarkan jejak infrastrukutr perang pasifik. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa penyiapan insfrastruktur dengan baik oleh pihak sekutu merupakan bagian dari strategi perang, yang menentukan kemenangan bagi pihak sekutu dalam melawan Jepang.

scholarly journals Micromorphological and Chemical Features of Soils as Evidence of Bronze Age Ancient Anthropogenic Impact (Late Bronze Age Muradymovo Settlement, Ural Region, Russia)

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Golyeva ◽  
Olga Khokhlova ◽  
Marina Lebedeva ◽  
Nickolay Shcherbakov ◽  
Iia Shuteleva
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In some cases, the human impact on ancient landscapes has been so profound that local soils still remain significantly affected even after hundreds and thousands of years after ending impact. We studied the Late Bronze Age Muradymovo settlement located in the Urals, Russia, aiming to estimate the consequences of the ancient people’s activity on the environment. Despite the present humid climate, the modern soils inside the cultural layer of the study site contain more than 27% of gypsum at a depth of just 10 cm from the surface, and a microrelief of the study site is typical of a gypsum desert. The nearby background Chernozems are gypsum-free to a depth of 2 m. According to the archaeological data, the ancient people belonged to the ‘Srubno-Alakul’ archaeological culture (1750–1350 years B.C. cal (calibrated years before Christ)) and had a tradition of building their houses from gypsum rocks. At the present time, this area is still unsuitable for human settlement. The properties of modern soils inside the cultural layer of the study site are directly affected by the Late Bronze Age human activities. It has been identified on soil morphology, micromorphology, and chemical properties of soils developed inside the cultural layer of the settlement.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition and Its Metabolites in Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3881
Author(s):  
Tso-Hsiao Chen ◽  
Chao-Wei Liu ◽  
Yi-Hsien Ho ◽  
Chun-Kai Huang ◽  
Ching-Sheng Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

A growing body of study have documented the association of gut dysbiosis or fecal metabolites with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is not clear whether the phenomenon simply reflects the microenvironment changes correlated with the CKD severity or contributes to the progression of CKD. In this study, we identified the gut microbiota and metabolite in feces samples correlated with CKD severity using the Nanopore long-read sequencing platform and UPLC-coupled MS/MS approach. A cross-sectional cohort study was performed from 1 June 2020 to 31 December 2020. One hundred and fifty-six clinical participants, including 60 healthy enrollees and 96 Stage 1–5 CKD patients, were enrolled in this study. The ROC curve generated with the relative abundance of Klebsiella pneumonia or S-Adenosylhomocysteine showed a gradual increase with the CKD severity. Our results further revealed the positive correlation of increased K. pneumonia and S-Adenosylhomocysteine in gut environment, which may be of etiological importance to the deterioration of a CKD patient. In that sense, the microbiota or metabolite changes constitute potential candidates for evaluating the progression of CKD.

Search and Documentation of Underwater Archaeological Sites

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Area Survey ◽  
A Site ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Archaeological survey is fundamental to archaeological data collection. Underwater archaeology is developing and maturing as a discipline. The levels of technology available for investigations are variable depending on the objectives of surveys. Prior to entering the field, it is essential to do a complete desktop research, an in-office examination of available literature, and to develop a survey plan. This article describes different methods and the tools used for probing, which are used for examining subsurface features or defining the extent of a site. Remote sensing is an effective method to search for cultural material in a marine context. Once a general survey has located acoustic targets, magnetic anomalies, or other areas of interest, a predisturbance site survey of the targets may be conducted. Accurate positioning during a predisturbance investigation is critical. With an area survey complete or a predisturbance survey conducted, the next step in the archaeological process is excavation.

Electrolyte Leakage Induced by Chilling in Passiflora Species Tolerant to Different Climates

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Patterson ◽  
T Murata ◽  
D Graham
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Tropical Lowlands ◽  
Different Climates

A method was devised to measure chilling sensitivity in a series of species and hybrids of Passiflora having a range of climatic requirements. Leaves from plants which had been grown under 25°C day/18°C night were chilled at 0°C in the dark. At the same time, leakage of electrolyte from thin strips of these leaves was measured at 0°C using conductivity. Two main stages of leakage were found: a relatively slow rate (stage 1) which was followed by a high rate (stage 2), during which most of the electrolyte was lost from the tissue. Potassium was the principal cation lost from the tissue, and its leakage was proportional to that of total electrolyte during the time course of leakage. Stage 2 occurred at about the same time as obvious lesions appeared on whole leaves, and apparently signified lethal chilling injury. When different species were compared, those which had originated from the tropical lowlands (P. maliformis L. and P. edulis Sims forma flavicarpa Degener) were killed in less than 10 days, but those tolerant of cooler climates (P. caerulea L. and P. edulis Sims) survived much longer. From the behaviour of a number of species and hybrids, the rate of leakage during stage 1 was related to the time taken to reach stage 2. Resistance to chilling in the species and hybrids examined was not an all-or-nothing property, but showed a gradual increase in the series: P. edulis forma flavicarpa < P. maliformis < P. cincinnata Masters < P. edulis < P. caerulea, with some hybrids occupying intermediate positions.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Situs Pesisir di Kecamatan Kumai, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat.

KALPATARU ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Sunarningsih Sunarningsih
Keyword(s):  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Strategic Position

Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat yang berada di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah memiliki kawasan pesisir, tepatnya di sebelah selatan, yang berbatasan langsung dengan Laut Jawa. Posisi yang strategis tampaknya sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan kebudayaan di daerah tersebut. Kesempatan untuk dapat berinteraksi dengan dunia luar menjadi sangat mungkin. Keberadaan situs arkeologi di pesisir menjadi sangat menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik situs tersebut. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif eksplanatif dengan penalaran induktif. Data arkeologi yang digunakan merupakan hasil survei arkeologi pada tahun 2014. Hasil survei menemukan adanya beberapa kelompok temuan yang berada di wilayah Desa Sebuai dan Desa Pendulangan, dengan keramik sebagai temuan terbanyak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis artefaktual dan lingkungan, sintesa dan interpretasi menunjukkan bahwa situs di pesisir tersebut, selain sebagai tempat hunian dari abad ke-13 - 14 hingga sekarang, juga memegang peranan penting dalam aktivitas perdagangan dengan daerah luar, serta mempunyai keterkaitan yang erat dengan situs arkeologi di daerah pedalaman. Abstract. The regency of West Kotawaringin, which is located in Central Kalimantan province, has coastal areas, precisely in the south, which is directly adjacent to the Java Sea. Its strategic position seems very influential on the development of culture in this area. The opportunity to interact with the outside world becomes very possible. The existence of archaeological sites on the coast became very interesting to be studied further. This article discusses the characteristics of the sites. The method used in this article is inductive reasoning and an explanatory descriptive. Archaeological data were obtained from archaeological survey in 2014. It can be concluded that the coastal sites were not only served as dwelling places from 13 - 14 AD to present, but also played an important role in trading activities with abroad, as well as having strong links with archaeological sites in the hinterland.

scholarly journals EARLY TRACES HINDU-BUDDHIST INFLUENCE ALONG THE NORTH COAST OF CENTRAL JAVA: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE DISTRICT OF BATANG

AMERTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustijanto Indradjaja ◽  
Véronique Degroot
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Results

Abstrak. Jejak awal Pengaruh Hindu-Buddha di Sepanjang Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah: Survei Arkeologi di Kota Batang. Penelitian arkeologi di pantai utara Jawa Tengah mengenai kehidupanmasa Hindu-Buddha hampir selalu dipusatkan pada wilayah antara Kedu-Yogyakarta, yang dikuasaioleh Kerajaan Matāram pada sekitar abad ke-8–9 Masehi. Penelitian yang berupaya mempelajaridan merekonstruksi kondisi sosial masyarakat di daerah pesisir masa pra-Matāram selama ini belumpernah dilakukan. Karya tulis ini berusaha melakukan eksplorasi pada masa pra-Matāram di JawaTengah, khususnya di Kabupaten Batang yang diduga sebagai salah satu daerah yang penting padaawal periode sebelum munculnya Kerajaan Matāram di pedalaman Jawa Tengah. Pengumpulan datadilakukan melalui survei, selanjutnya data arkeologi yang relevan dilakukan analisis deksriptif untukmenjawab pertanyaan di dalam penelitian. Hasil survei berhasil mengidentifikasikan sejumlah temuanpenting seperti arca, candi dan prasasti mulai dari wilayah pesisir sampai pedalamanan KabupatenBatang. Berdasarkan identifikasi sejumlah temuan arkeologi tersebut tampak bahwa wilayah Batangsudah mendapat pengaruh Hindu-Buddha jauh sebelum munculnya Kerajaan Matāram kuna sekitarabad ke-8 M. Abstract In Coastal Central Java, archaeological research dealing with the Hindu-Buddhist periodis almost always focused on the coastal area between Kedu and Yogyakarta, which was controlledby the Matāram Kingdom around the 8-9th Century AD. Research that attempts to investigate andreconstruct the social conditions of coastal communities during the pre-Matāram period has yetto be undertaken. This paper is such an attempt. It explores Hindu-Buddhist remains in the BatangDistrict, a district which, we believe, was an important entry point for Hindu-Buddhist traditionsprior to the emergence of the Matāram Kingdom in the hinterland of Central Java. Data collectedthrough the survey, further archaeological data relevant will be conducted descriptive analysis toanswer questions in the study. The survey results have identified a number of important findingssuch as statues, temples and inscriptions ranging from coastal areas to inland Batang. Based onthe identification of a number of archaeological findings it apparent that the area in Batang alreadyappear influence of Hindu-Buddhist long before the emergence of the ancient Matāram Kingdomaround the 8th Century AD.  

Heuristic Knowledge Discovery for Archaeological Data Using Genetic Algorithms and Rough Sets

2011 ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Rough Sets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Database Queries ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Valley Of Oaxaca

The goal of this research is to investigate and develop heuristic tools in order to extract meaningful knowledge from archeological large-scale data sets. Database queries help us to answer only simple questions. Intelligent search tools integrate heuristics with knowledge discovery tools and they use data to build models of the real world. We would like to investigate these tools and combine them within the genetic algorithm framework. Some methods, taken from the area of soft computing techniques, use rough sets for data reduction and the synthesis of decision algorithms. However, because the problems are NP-hard, using a heuristic approach by combining Boolean reasoning with genetic algorithms seems to be one of the best approaches in terms of efficiency and flexibility. We will test our tools on several large-scale archeological data sets generated from an intensive archaeological survey of the Valley of Oaxaca in Highland Mesoamerica.

scholarly journals Stone industry of Pleistocene – Holocen in the Middle Yenisey Valley (based on Byuza II materials)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Akimova ◽  
V. M. Kharevich ◽  
A. A. Vashkov ◽  
I. V. Stasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Middle Layer ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Bone Fragment ◽  
Complex Investigation ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Traditional Industry

Purpose. The Krasnoyarsk reservoir having flooded the lowest terraces of the Yenisei River, many archaeological sites were disturbed and destroyed, so archaeological data about the period of the Final Pleistocene to the Early Holocene on the territory of Central Siberia became scarce. Nowadays, our knowledge about this period is based on the materials from the sites around Krasnoyarsk city, such as Eleneva cave, Shalunin Byk, the upper layers of Sliznevo site and Listvenka site, and the middle part of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir area: Aieshka I, Kurtak II, Buzunova, Bateni, etc., and, probably, the territorial gap caused by Krasnoyarsk Dam. The Birusinka site and Byuza II, which were discovered in 2014 in the down part of Krasnoyarsk reservoir, prove that. We aimed to describe the findings of Byuza II, identify their types and date them. Results. This article summarizes the complex investigation of the Buza II site. Nowadays, Byuza II is the only one Early Holocene site in the lower part of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir. The site contained numerous findings – about 2000 artifacts were excavated from the cultural layer and 800 were picked from the costal shallow in 2016. Among others, the core collection includes wedgeshaped microcores and edge-faceted microcores on microblades. Fragments of big blades were found in the excavation area, too, which helped to reveal the existence of big cores within the site area. The material collection includes similar fragments of big cores. The cultural layer also had angel burins, transverse burins, burins on concave retouched truncation, sub-rectangular chisel-like tools, medium sized graftoirs, scraper-like tools, burins and retouched flakes. Such tools as scrapers, burins and chisel-like tools were also picked from the coastal shallow. Just one cultural layer and typological similar materials in situ point out that all these materials belong to the same complex. Porphyry slabs along the West-East line laid out a stone alignment with the diameter of 0.8–0.9 m. A bone fragment of an ungulate, which was found among the porphyry slabs, has been dated 14 893 ± 77 years ago (UBA-36027). There is a discrepancy between the expected age of the site and the age of the bone fragment found, which is about 5 thousand years. While the date points out to the cold Nyapan Stage, according to stratigraphy the site refers to the Early Holocene period within 9.7–9.2 thousand years ago. Conclusion. In comparison with a well-known Biryusa site (middle layer), Eleneva cave (15–17 layers), and Bolshaya Slizneva site (2 and 5 layers), Byuza II has no Mesolithic tools and demonstrates the traditional industry of producing big burins. It allows us to use the term "Epipaleolithic" when referring to the site. We conclude that the roots of Epipaleolitic go back to the complexes of the Kokorevo culture and the Final Pleistocene "microblade industry".

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