Historiography of the History of Law and the State of Russia: Pre-Revolutionary and Soviet Periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Marina A. Kozhevina ◽  
Tatyana F. Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. The historiographic experience of studying the history of law and the state of Russia was not the subject of independent scientific analysis. Certain aspects were touched upon in the prefaces to the reprints of classical scientific works, publications of a biographical nature, in the literature reviews preceding the main part of the works. In modern humanities, there is an increasing interest in the scientific problems of the genesis and evolution of individual disciplines. The history of law and the state of Russia is a part of legal and historical knowledge and requires substantive consideration. Purpose. The goal is to determine the main conceptual approaches that have formed and developed within the framework of historical and legal science during the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. Methodology. The methodology is represented by a number of methods. The chronological method and the method of periodization were used to build the sequence of the historiographic process. The historical-comparative method in the diachronic version made it possible to compare the content of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods in the historiography of the issue, to reveal the features of each period. The institutional method showed the process of delimiting the history of law and the state of Russia from other scientific disciplines. The method of hermeneutics was necessary for the textual analysis of works of legal and historical content. Results. The process of institutionalization of the history of law and state of Russia is shown. As a result, this led to the emergence of its own historiography within its framework. The main research directions are systematized; the factors that influenced the development of historical and legal science in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods are identified; a circle of scholars dealing with historical and legal problems has been established; the most significant publications are indicated. Conclusion. Two periods of the historiography of the history of law and the state of Russia are highlighted and characterized. The basis for the study of the next modern period is being created.

scholarly journals Determination of the subject of history of state and law in Russian legal science in the late 1950s – early 1960s

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Science Of History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative

The subject of this research is analysis of the process and key approaches towards determination of the subject of history of state and law of Russia in in the late 1950s – early 1960s, considering the designation of science and academic discipline in this period as “The History of State and Law of the USSR”. The research is based on chronological, institutional, and historical-comparative methods. The chronological method allowed reconstructing representation on the subject of the science of history of state and law of the Soviet Union in historical sequence. The institutional method established the basic framework for discussion the subject of science. The historical-comparative method ensured comparison of different approaches towards understanding of the subject of science. It is determined that the initiators of determination of the subject of history of state and law were the educators of historical-legal disciplines. The author reveals and analyzes the main publications that contain records of comprehension of the subject of science. Characteristic is given to the circle of scholars dealing with the indicated problematic. The authorial approaches are discussed.  The general and peculiar comprehension of the subject of science is demonstrated. The general consists in determination of the subject based on the historical type of state and law, highlighting the significance and specificity of the Soviet state and law. The differences pertain to setting priorities in the subject of science: establishment of general patterns in evolution of state and law, or examination of particular phenomena, processes and institutions in the history of state and law. The acquires results can be applies in the history of legal science. Discourse on the subject of history of state and law that unfolded in the late 1950s – early 1960s was beneficial to the advancement of historical-legal science.

scholarly journals The form of state in the historical and legal research of the Soviet period

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
T. F. Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law

The subject of the article is the application of the concept of the form of state in the Soviet historical and legal science.The purpose of the research is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the understanding of the form of the state in the Soviet history of law was not discrete, it changed under the influence of political transformations and had a significant impact on the modern theory of the state.The methodology. The method of periodization was used to highlight the Soviet period of historical and legal science, the chronological method was used to determine the upper and lower boundaries of the Soviet period. The narrative method made it possible to describe the historiographic process. The historical-comparative method was required to compare individual concepts.Results, scope of application. The concept of the form of the state that was used in the historical and legal science of the Soviet period has been determined. The form of the state in Soviet science included two elements initially: the form of government and the form of statehood. The third element has been added since the 1960s – the political regime. The institutionalization of the history of state and law as a science took place by the end of the 1940s. While historians of the old school were working, the main topics included the early stages of the development of the state. Then after the change of generations the priority place was taken by the problems of the Soviet state. By the end of the Soviet period a more harmonious allocation of topics had developed. In Soviet historical and legal science the form of the state of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods was considered separately. The form of government of the Russian state in the pre-revolutionary period was defined as a monarchy. Several types of monarchy were distinguished: early feudal, estate-representative, absolute. The republican form of government was recognized for the Soviet state. Its class and social essence changed with the development of socialism. Organizational forms changed accordingly. When studying the polity, the main attention was paid to the federation. Its complex origin was noted, because the Russian Federation (RSFSR) was part of the federation of the USSR. The Soviet federations were built according to the nationalterritorial principle. The issue of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation remained debatable. Most researchers considered the RSFSR a state with autonomous entities. The development of the territory of the state as a whole has hardly been studied. Major administrative-territorial reforms carried out in the 1920s-1930s were considered in isolation from national-territorial construction. Generalized works on the territorial development of the state appeared only at the end of the Soviet period. Issues of the political regime of the feudal and bourgeois state were addressed in the study of direct democracy in the ancient Russian state, estate representative bodies, state power during the period of absolutism. Political liberalization was noted during the bourgeois reforms of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The democratic nature of the Soviet political regime was not questioned, therefore, the problems indicating trouble, crisis phenomena in the Soviet state were not identified.Conclusions. The understanding of elements of form of the state in the Soviet history of law was expanding. It changed in accordance with the changes in the Soviet governance. The main approaches to understanding the form of the state are accepted by contemporary Russian science.

scholarly journals When research met policy: a history of innovation and a complicated relationship in three Swedish development projects in mathematics education, 1960–2018

ZDM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Prytz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
School Governance ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Major Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Contemporary Development

AbstractThis paper concerns the relationship between research and governance policy in three Swedish major development projects in mathematics education: the New Math project (1960–1975), the PUMP project (1970–1980), and the Boost for Mathematics project in (2012–2016). All three projects were driven or financed by the Swedish central school authorities. Using a historical comparative method, this study deepens the understanding of how research co-exists with governance policy when preparing innovations in mathematics education. The main historical sources are official reports and governmental decisions concerning the three projects. The analysis is focused on the nature of the innovations of each project and the role of researchers in the process of creating the innovations. The analysis highlights the theories and the methods involved in those processes. The three projects are also positioned in a context of school governance policy. In Sweden, the prevailing school governing policy changed from a highly centralised governance in the 1960s to a highly decentralised governance in the 2010s. The paper concludes by discussing to what degree the researchers adhered to principles of research or school governance; in particular, the Boost for Mathematics project is considered in this regard. The relevance of the paper in relation to the emerging field of implementation research in mathematics education concerns how historical studies can give new insights about contemporary development projects in mathematics education.

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF HISTORY OF THE STAVROPOL COSSACKS: KEY ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE REGIONAL COSSACK GROUP’S PAST

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
K.A. Ushmaeva ◽  
◽  
A.S. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Economic Ties

This study is devoted to the study of relevant works on the history of the Stavropol Cossacks, works in the field of education of the Stavropol Cossacks as an independent Cossack group, trade, cultural and economic ties in the Stavropol Territory, spiritual life, language, culture, traditions and customs of the Stavropol Cossacks. Among modern studies in the history of the Stavropol Cossacks, the following topics stand out: military life and everyday life, folklore and song traditions, the movement for the revival of the Cossacks, as well as the current state and prospects for the development of Cossack organizations. The prospect of the development of pedagogical technologies based on the Cossack traditions of educating young people in Stavropol is highlighted as a separate topical topic. The relevance of the study lies in the need for a private study of the historiography of the regional Cossack group of Stavropol Cossacks in order to expand the scientific and pedagogical tools in the field of «Cossack studies». The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using the data of the article in the search for supporting material for teaching the "History of the Cossacks" in a higher educational institution (taking into account the regional specifics). The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in a new view of the Stavropol Cossacks as an independent Cossack group formed at the end of the XVIII century. The source base is represented mainly by archival data from the State Archives of the Stavropol Territory, data banks on archaeological, cultural and linguistic expeditions, sources of personal origin, the works of contemporary historians and directly the works of historians, whose studies formed the basis of the historiography of the history of the Stavropol Cossacks. The research methodology is based on the principles of historiographic comparative studies and comparative analysis of sources. Within the framework of the sociocultural approach, we rely on the following methods. Special-historical: the narrative method, the historical-comparative method, the historical-systemic method, the retrospective method. Sociological: document analysis, method of generalizing characteristics, method of ideal types. Culturological: comparative method, cultural-systemic method. Pedagogical: pedagogical interviewing, a method of studying and generalizing pedagogical experience.

scholarly journals Калмыцко-казахское противостояние в Северном Прикаспии в 1723–1724 гг.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Vladimir T. Tepkeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Engagement ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Source Materials

Introduction. The paper examines an understudied period in the history of the Kalmyk Khanate — beginnings of a military confrontation between joint Kazakh-Karakalpak forces and Kalmyk units in 1723–1724. Goals. The article aims at introducing newly discovered archival data about the reign of Khan Tseren-Donduk (1724–1735). Materials and Methods. The source materials are related records stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia (Coll. И-36). The Register of Kalmyk Affairs contains dispatches and reports by the Governor of Astrakhan, A. Volynsky, clustered under the title ‘About Actual Disagreements and Feuds of Kalmyk Landlords’. The employed historical comparative method makes it possible to specify a chronicle of events on the basis of coinciding events described by all or most of the investigated sources. Results. The 1723 feuds between young Kalmyk princely heirs, Khan Ayuka’s death in 1724, and the unsettled order of succession paved the path for Kazakh and Karakalpak invasions of eastern Kalmyk-inhabited territories between the Volga and the Yaik (Ural) Rivers. Conclusions. Despite the actual political factionalism across the Kalmyk Khanate, eastern landlords headed by Dorji Nazarov were able to repel the aggression of hostile groups. The 1724 battle of the Uzen which ended in a defeat of a small Kazakh-Karakalpak unit had important military and political consequences conveying the message that even amidst the lack of solidarity between Kalmyk noblemen any invasion of their lands should turn an essentially arduous task. However, the successful local engagement of the Volga Kalmyks could not stop the subsequent eastward expansion of Kazakhs.

scholarly journals The Policy of Poland and Romania Concerning Interned Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic (1921–1924s): Modern Domestic Historiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Mykola Stopchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
First World

The article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the historiographical achievements of modern Ukrainian historians on the policy of the leadership of Poland and Romania regarding the interned in the camps of these countries, the Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The methodological basis of the study comprises the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematics. General scientific and special research methods were used in solving the set tasks: historiographical analysis and synthesis of knowledge development, generalization, quantitative, historical-comparative, chronological, retrospective, etc. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive analysis of the state of study in modern domestic historiography of the policy of the leadership of Poland and Romania during 1921-1924s concernig interned Army of the UPR. Conclusions. The analysis of the historiographical achievements of modern Ukrainian historians proved they have made significant progress in studying the scientific field. Having gained access to previously closed domestic and foreignarchival materials, scholars of independent Ukraine cooperated with foreign historians and rejected unscientific, ideologically biased approaches and conclusions of Soviet historiography regarding the policy of the Polish and Romanian leadership towards the interned army. The shortcomings of Ukrainian foreign historiography on this problem, which consisted of a number of inaccuracies and a weak source base, were eliminated, which led to the distortion of historical realities. Domestic historians have clearly shown that the policy pursued by the governments of Poland and Romania regarding the internment of the UPR Army in the camps of these countries was aimed at ensuring their own national interests. It varied depending on the state of relations with its aggressive northern neighbor – Bolshevik Russia. The orientation of this policy was significantly influenced by the position of the Entente states, the victors of the First World War/ They viewed the UPR Army as a force capable of counteracting the expansionist aspirations of Bolshevik Russia. At the same time, despite significant progress in the study of this topic, especially in the 1990s – early XXI century, in the last twenty years, domestic historians didn’t pay enough attention to its study. A number of aspects of this problem remain unexplored and require further scientific analysis.

ISRAELI STUDIES AT THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: PAGES OF HISTORY (THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Karasova ◽  
◽  
Andrey V. Fedorchenko ◽  
Dmitry A. Maryasis ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Impact

The article presents a historical overview of Israeli studies at the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS in the first two decades of the 21st century. The paper demonstrates the main research fields and publications of the Department for the Study of Israel and Jewish Communities, as well as the list of its heads and research fellows. The article shows how, having successfully overcome the difficulties of the 1990s that were rather hard on Russian Academy as a whole, the staff of the Israeli Studies Department in their numerous publications, speeches at Russian and international academic forums tried to respond to the new challenges in a scholarly way. In the 2000s the number of works published on the history of relations between the USSR / Russia and Israel increased, and this trend continued in subsequent years. Access to the archives for the first time made it possible to analyze the formation and development of Soviet-Israeli relations before the break (in 1953). The department expanded the directions of its academic activity. Its topics included such directions as the study of the collective memory of Jews in modern Russia, cultural identity, cultural memory, religious and secular identity of Russian Jews, attitude towards disability and people with disabilities, study of youth communities in Israel, Russia and Europe, the impact of the US-Israeli relations on the US Jewish community. Development of basic methodology for researching the state of Jewish charity in Moscow was one of the new tasks for the fellows of the Department to solve. The novelty of the tasks also included new methodology of researching the economic and socio-political development of Israel using social networks data. The Department continued to study all aspects of the life of the State of Israel — economic, socio-political and cultural processes developing in the Israeli state, including new features in regional policy and the concept of Israeli security. At present, members of the department’s, in addition to their current activities, are implementing a number of promising projects aimed at strengthening the department’s position as the leading center of Israeli studies in the post-Soviet space.

scholarly journals History of Ukrainian law: conceptual, istoriografìcal and comparative components of its identification

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
P. Zakharchenko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The approaches to the category "History of Ukrainian Law" are analyzed, its author definition and periodization in the historical dimension is proposed. Doctrinal approach of the Department of History of Law and State of the law Faculty of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv is defined, which consists in recognition of the right of law before the State Institute. In our opinion, with the advent of the state, history of law appears as a history of national legislation in its relationship and interdependence with the state's regulatory activities – its administrative and judicial institutions, organization and activities of the army, police, and punitive agencies etc. The author indicates that the story is indicative that society can develop steadily in the coordinate of the environment, and the function of the instrument of the Zaman environment executes the right. The porpose of article is reserchirg the history of Ukrainian law: conceptual, istoriografìcal and comparative components of its identification It is alleged that for the first time the definition of "history of Ukrainian Law" is not implemented in Ukraine but beyond its borders. The galaxy of lawyers, and among them and historians of law, after the defeat of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917 – 1921, were forced to leave the motherland and settle in the neighboring countries of Eastern Europe. A textbook of such name appeared in the conditions of Ukrainian emigration in the early 1920-ies. This primacy belongs to several researchers of the Ukrainian diaspora, who, with no historical, historical, legal sources and archival materials, have remained in the absolute majority in the libraries and archival funds of Soviet Ukraine. However, in these conditions they were able to lay the foundations for the formation of the appropriate field of scientific knowledge. It is noted that the successor of the traditions preserved in the diaspora can be called the Department of the History of law and State of the law Faculty of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv University, whose members for many years advocate not only the name of the educational The subject "History of Ukrainian Law", but also prove its genetic connection with the right of the Rus state, other national state formations of the later period. A few manuals on the history of Ukrainian law came from the pen of the lecturers. Special emphasis was made on the works of Alexander Shevchenko, who became the author of several textbooks and manuals that are still widely used in the educational process of law faculties in Ukraine. In one of them, O. Shevchenko actualized The problem of periodization of Ukrainian law, where the main criterion was determined by the evolution of the sources of law. In these positions is the author of the proposed publication. In the final part of the work emphasized the examples in the differences in the evolution, essence and content of the Ukrainian law from the Russian.

scholarly journals Activity of a film producer within the cultural space of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Sergey Lavreniuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Film Producer ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Film Making

The purpose of the article is to identify problems in the development of production in Ukraine and outline ways to overcome them. Methodology. In elaborating the topic, the historical method was used to identify the peculiarities of the origin and development of the profession of film producer, in particular, in Ukraine; analytical method and methods of scientific analysis, comparison, generalization, which came in handy in the process of establishing the creative, production and economic and legal features of the film producer in the cultural space of Ukraine. Methods of systematization and analysis were used for art and cultural aspects of studying the problem. The scientific novelty of the study is that the problem of functioning and motivation of the producer in the context of the cultural space of Ukraine is the subject of a special comprehensive study; the content of the concept of "film producer" as certain specific integrity and unity of interconnected elements is argued and clarified; the expediency of using the comparative method for the study and manifestation of the peculiarities of production activity in the film-making process of the domestic cultural space is proved. Conclusions. Acquaintance with the materials of this study enriches the arsenal of knowledge about the specifics of the producer's activity in the culture of film production in Ukraine and forms the scientific basis for their use in courses on theory and history of culture, including cinema, production, and directing.

scholarly journals The extent to which inscriptional evidence may serve as a source of "vulgar," i.e. spoken Latin

Linguistica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Paul A. Gaeng
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Language ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The One ◽  
And Training

"Itis incumbent on Romance scholars to analyze and interpret their exceptionally full stock of linguistic material, using all methods of study at their disposal, working both backward and forward in time. Only thus will Romance linguistics be enabled to do what others expect of it: to serve not only as an end in itself but as a model and training-ground for workers in all fields of historical linguistics." Thus wrote the American scholar, Robert A. Hall, jr. some forty years ago in an essay on the recon­ struction of Proto-Romance. 1 Indeed, the researcher into the history of the Romance languages is faced with, on the one hand, the schemes of reconstruction (essentially based on the principles of the historical comparative method) and the often puzzling testimonies of reality found in the sources. Put in other terms, he has the choice of working with an abstract system represented by starred Latin forms that do not belong to any real language or the reality of the mass of postclassical written records that have come down to us to be analyzed and sifted through with a view to discovering evidences of trends toward Romance in phonology, morpho-syntax, and vocabulary. And while there are, no doubt, materials whose meaning in terms of future evolution of the Romance languages is difficult, if not impossible to discover, there is an abun­ dance of those that prelude the future. It is the attention to the future that, I believe, can give reality and life to the large number of forms collected from inscriptions, late writers, and other sources of so-called "Vulgar", i. e. non-literary Latin.

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