scholarly journals О переводе двух песен эпоса «Гесер» Б. Бергманом

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-625
Author(s):  
Bembya L. Mitruev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
European Language ◽  
Original Source ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Oral Retelling ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
New Hypothesis

Introduction. In 1802–1803, Benjamin Bergmann made a trip to the Kalmyk steppes to collect historical, literary, and folklore material on the Kalmyks and the Kalmyk culture. The result of this journey was the 1804–1805 publication of “Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmüken in den Jahren 1802 und 1803” (Nomadic wanderings among Kalmyks in 1802–1803) in Riga, which up to the present day has not lost its importance as a source of information on the culture and life of the Kalmyks in the 18th and 19th centuries. The four-volume work contains translations of various texts from Kalmyk into German, including the two songs of the “Geser” epos. This is in fact the earliest translation of “Geser” songs into a European language. Data. The German translation of the two “Geser” songs published by Bergmann in his work has been used as the material for the present research. The aim of the article. Bergmann’s translation of the songs is often mentioned in scholarly publications, but so far, no Russian translation of the songs in full has been made. To facilitate the research of the Oirat-Kalmyk “Geser” and especially of the songs in question, this article presents their scientific translation into Russian made by the present author. Also, the article discusses the character of the Kalmyk originals of the epic songs. So far it has been believed that an oral retelling was the source for the German translation of the songs. However, there is sufficient evidence for a new hypothesis because the analysis of the data undertaken in this study indicates that apparently there was a written Oirat source for the translation. Conclusions. Besides the complete Russian translation of the “Geser” sagas offered here, the article puts forward the hypothesis of the written nature of the original source, which served as the basis for Bergmann’s German translation.

scholarly journals Errors of Derived Proofs and Evaluation of Their Evidentiary Value

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Mikhail Georgievich Musaelyan
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Legal Fact ◽  
Source Of Information

The emergence of derivative evidence is d to the mechanism of reflection of the legal fact used in the proof process and in the elements mediated in rela-tion to it. Complex mechanism reflection of the orig-inal evidence in copies derived from it, raise the question of the need to develop a mechanism for scientific determination of the degree of loss of a copy of its exact evidentiary value. The study of this problem is aimed at achieving maximum objectivity in assessing the derivative evidence, taking into account the errors of its compliance with the origi-nal evidence. The possible loss of the original evi-dentiary value of the estimated legal fact by the de-rivative evidence is usually caused by objective and subjective circumstances, the study and minimiza-tion of which will make the establishment of the circumstances of the case, where derivative evi-dence is used, more objective. The paper presents the author’s proposals for organizing the process of proving in order to preserve the coincidence of the features of the initial and derivative evidence: fixing the process of forming derivative evidence in proce-dural documents; involvement of forensic special-ists in the assessment of the obtained copies of evidence; production of forensic examinations. It is summarized that the introduction of proposals into practice will allow avoiding the loss of the evidence base due to the discrepancy between derived evi-dence and the original source of information.

Калмыцкий сборник обрамленных рассказов «Волшебный мертвец»

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Baazr A. Bicheev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
German Translation

Indian collections of “framed stories” were well-known to Kalmyks and were widely popular. In the Kalmyk old script literature the most widespread manuscript was the collection of stories “The Magic Dead”. There are two editions of the text. The concise edition of the collection consists of a framed plot and thirteen stories and the full edition consists of a framed narrative and twenty six stories. The concise version of the Kalmyk framed collection was first published in 1804 in German translation by B. Bergman. In 1864, K. F. Golstunskiy published “The Magic Dead” in ‘clear script’. In 1866, B.Yulgi published another version of the text in ‘clear script’ and with German translation. In 1927, the representatives of Kalmyk emigration published “The Kalmyk Anthology” which included the concise edition of “The Magic Dead”. The Russian translation of the full edition of the collection of twenty six stories was first published by B. Ya. Vladimirtsov. However, the collection manuscript in ‘clear script’ was lost. It became known nowadays that the full edition of the collection was preserved among Oirats in Sinkiang.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude of People towards using Complementary and alternative medicine in Riyadh city - A questionnaire study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5164-5172
Author(s):  
Misfir Theeb Alqahtani ◽  
Abdul Bari Mohd ◽  
Tahani Mohammad Al Rahbeni
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Riyadh City ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Source Of Information

The practice of CAM use is influenced by , cultural and religious factor; it becomes essential to explore the prevalence and perception on a regular basis. Therefore, aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and attitude of consumers towards Alternative Complementary Medicine in Riyadh city. A questionnaire based survey was carried out in Riyadh city from Dec. 2019 to April 2020 on the residents above 18 years. Details of type of CAM practiced and its source of information and questions on the perceptions of participants regarding use of CAM like Is it safe to use alternative medicine, Less expensive/ more effective than modern medicine were asked. The responses of perceptions were on 3 point scale-Agreed, neutral and disagreed. Chi-square test was applied to find association different types of and perceptions with demographic variables. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of (n=381) subjects responded to the questionnaire. Most of the study subjects reported social media (51%) as the main source of information for the and used herbal medicine (72.70%). Females and participants between 51-60 years showed significantly higher use of (p<0.05). Almost 40.70% and 54.4% of the study participants agreed that the is safe and less expensive than modern medicine, respectively. Researches in the area of CAM by focusing each practice separately should be encouraged so that sufficient evidence exists to use or refute any CAM practice and physicians must advise patients to consult the respective experts and work in an integrated approach for the well-fare of the patients and the society.

scholarly journals Capturing Initial Understanding and Impressions of Surgical Therapy for Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Das ◽  
Caio M. Matias ◽  
Sunidhi Ramesh ◽  
Lohit Velagapudi ◽  
Julie P. Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Surgical Therapy ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Initial Source ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an underutilized surgical therapy for Parkinson's Disease (PD). Both physician and patient hesitancies have been described as potential barriers to DBS, but the specifics of patient perceptions of DBS have not been well-characterized in the general PD population.Objective: To characterize the understanding and impressions of surgical therapy in PD patients prior to formal surgical evaluation.Methods: A 30-question survey assessing impressions of surgical therapy for PD and understanding of DBS for PD was administered to PD patients seen at an urban movement disorders clinic.Results: One hundred and two patients completed the survey. When asked if they would undergo a hypothetical risk-free, curative brain surgery for PD, 98 patients responded “yes.” Patients were more agreeable to “reversible,” “minimally-invasive,” and “incisionless” surgery. 51.2% thought DBS is an “effective” treatment for PD, 76.6% thought it was “invasive,” and 18.3% thought it was “reversible.” 45.2% reported fear of being awake during DBS surgery. Regarding costs, 52.4% were concerned that DBS was “very expensive” or “not covered by insurance.” Initial source of information and perceived treatment effectiveness were not associated with concerns about DBS effectiveness or threats to normality. Negative perceptions of past surgery were associated with concerns about DBS altering mood and personality.Conclusion: Overall, patients expressed concerns regarding procedural efficacy, invasiveness, cost, and irreversibility—independent of the original source of information. Future studies are required to allow us to better understand the impact of these initial findings on DBS hesitancy and underutilization.

Individualismus in der Übersetzung des Titels Things Fall Apart aus dem Deutschen ins Yoruba

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Omotayo Fakayode
Keyword(s):  
Literary Culture ◽  
African Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Original Source ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Things Fall Apart

Abstract Scholarly studies on the notion of retranslation have focused majorly on the body of texts and not specifically on titles. The issue of retranslation of titles considered in this study assesses the indirect translation of the title of Chinua Achebe’s novel into Yoruba through German. In view of this, the notion of individualism extending from the European literary culture into the African literature through translation is criticized. Based on the intersemiotic approach adopted by the Yoruba translator on the title page and the German translation of the title of the original source text, the study concludes by proposing a two-way approach to the interpretation of the title Things Fall Apart.

scholarly journals A miracle in a dairy shop: On a typology of an “emigrant” novel

Literary Fact ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 337-359
Author(s):  
Tatiana Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prolific Author ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Successful Integration ◽  
Sociocultural Identity

Alja Rachmanowa (real name Galina Dyuryagina-Hoyer) is a Russian writer with a European success in 1930s. Her books were published in German translation made by her husband Arnulf Hoyer, and still remain obscure in Russia. The phenomenon is rather fascinating from the point of view of typology of émigré prose. A novel “Milchfrau in Ottakring” (1933) of the prolific author of three dozen books was extremely popular, not only it remains relevant, but looks very modern as an “emigrant” novel of special type. In a diary form based on a personal experience, the writer sets out a story of success. A qualified philologist, Alja Rachmanowa (her literary pseudonym is usually referred to) was forced to become for a couple of years a saleswoman in a rented dairy shop. This experience of a “foreigner”, her national and sociocultural identity, adaptation, and ultimately successful integration are reflected in the diary autobiographical novel. The Russian component of the book in German whose author / heroine balances between the spheres of “own” and “stranger,” has driven a success of the “Milchfrau in Ottakring”. Russian realities, Russian mentality, nostalgie for the native country permeating the narration, especially attracted the readership. One of the important markers of “Russianness” is a citation of Russian literature, not in the form of a mere quotation, but as a rethinking, re-interpretation, a dispute with the classics. The article deals with some examples of such citing (F.M. Dostoevsky, A.V. Koltsov, A.N. Pleshcheev, Z.N. Gippius). A fragment of the novel in Russian translation is given in Annex

Code-Switching or Borrowing? English Elements in the Dutch of Dutch-American Immigrants

1989 ◽  
Vol 83-84 ◽  
pp. 125-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette F. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Discourse Processing ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Royal Netherlands Academy

Abstract Scholarly publications about Dutch immigrant speech are practically non-existent -- excepting the work of Clyne (1967, 1972, 1985, 1987). This applies particularly to Dutch speakers who immigrated in the 19th and the early 20th Century. A 75-hour corpus of language data from Dutch immigrants to the United States is currently being investigated systematically at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences' Institute for Dialectology. The general purpose of the project is to gain more insight in the nature of Dutch language and dialect maintenance or loss and of English influence on the language of these Dutch immigrants. This paper will focus specifically on English lexical elements in the speech of the first-generation immigrants (appr. 12,000 English elements in the Dutch of 97 speakers). First a diagnostic set of characteristics for code-switching, borrowing and nonce borrowing will be presented, based in part on discussions in the recent literature on other-language lexical elements in speech in contact situations and in part on a thorough review of the Dutch-American data. These characteristics do not only concern the formal linguistic level, but also the discourse, processing and extralin-guistic levels. They form the basis of a systematic classification of the various types of English elements found in the data. Next, a number of problem cases will be discussed -- with examples -- which defy easy classification in one of the three categories of other-language elements. Finally, an attempt will be made to formulate a more generalized model for the analysis of other-language lexical elements, consisting of a diagnostic and an analytic layer. The diagnostic layer assigns an element to one of the three categories of other-language elements. The analytic layer is specifically concerned with the analysis of code-switching, comprising not only a categorization of formal linguistic phenomena, but also a categorization of functional sociolinguistic factors determining the use of switched elements. Given the variety of linguistic as well as extralinguistic aspects which apparently determine the use of switched elements, it seems unlikely that one single set of constraints could be refined enough to fully account for linguistic as well as extralinguistic aspects of code-switching. Therefore, a case will be made for the establishment of more than one set of constraining factors on the use of switched elements. Instead of limiting constraints on code-switching to the formal linguistic -- in particular the syntactic -- level, separate constraining factors for the discourse, processing, functional, and motivational level might be formulated, in order to gain full insight in the process of code-switching.

scholarly journals Protecting memory from misinformation: Warnings modulate cortical reinstatement during memory retrieval

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (37) ◽  
pp. 22771-22779
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Karanian ◽  
Nathaniel Rabb ◽  
Alia N. Wulff ◽  
McKinzey G. Torrance ◽  
Ayanna K. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Memory Distortion ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Original Event

Exposure to even subtle forms of misleading information can significantly alter memory for past events. Memory distortion due to misinformation has been linked to faulty reconstructive processes during memory retrieval and the reactivation of brain regions involved in the initial encoding of misleading details (cortical reinstatement). The current study investigated whether warning participants about the threat of misinformation can modulate cortical reinstatement during memory retrieval and reduce misinformation errors. Participants watched a silent video depicting a crime (original event) and were given an initial test of memory for the crime details. Then, participants listened to an auditory narrative describing the crime in which some original details were altered (misinformation). Importantly, participants who received a warning about the reliability of the auditory narrative either before or after exposure to misinformation demonstrated less susceptibility to misinformation on a final test of memory compared to unwarned participants. Warned and unwarned participants also demonstrated striking differences in neural activity during the final memory test. Compared to participants who did not receive a warning, participants who received a warning (regardless of its timing) demonstrated increased activity in visual regions associated with the original source of information as well as decreased activity in auditory regions associated with the misleading source of information. Stronger visual reactivation was associated with reduced susceptibility to misinformation, whereas stronger auditory reactivation was associated with increased susceptibility to misinformation. Together, these results suggest that a simple warning can modulate reconstructive processes during memory retrieval and reduce memory errors due to misinformation.

Performative Function of Voice in Early Speech Acts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 313-323
Author(s):  
Antonina Ledovskikh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
First Person ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
European Language ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Early Speech

This study is aimed at the early practice of speech (or speech acts) as a functional tool in performative constructions, which can be considered as an integral part of the cultural heart and the reflection of an important semantic and pragmatic connection between the intentions and actions in mythical thinking. This way of thinking created images on the interpretation of the world as a system determined by supreme forces (gods). Communication of people with higher forces as an early speech practice of Indo-European cultures is traced in ancient prayers, rituals, incantations, spells, etc. They not only reflect the fixed language formulae which are a base of a cultural matrix but also offer a whole picture of the mythical thinking functioning. The following fundamental cultural phenomena are noted: the power of the word, as a primary vocal image; the act of assigning a name as giving birth to a creature (what is not named, does not exist), voice as a ritual constitutive force in prayers, and in the tabooing. The study of performative constructions in ancient Indo-European language data (Avesta, Upanishads, Edda, Old /New Testaments, Old Church Slavonic, and Anglo-Saxon spells) has revealed a strong relation of the functional power of voice to the ritual actions, which reflect in the traditional performative constructions - first person singular verbs: 1) prayers - I pray, I ask; 2) naming - I name, I give a name; 3) actions taken during incantation - I stretch out [my hands], I order; 4) and also the representation of voice as a divine being, which reflects in the concept of true godly knowledge and corresponds with the physical ability to attract attention and ask to follow with voice. In early performative practice, to legitimize the action it must be followed with words said out loud properly. And this interdependent phenomenon forms the heart of culture.

scholarly journals Online Comments as a Tool of Intercultural (Russian–Czech) “Anti-Dialog”

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-120
Author(s):  
Jiří Gazda
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
Online Comments ◽  
The World ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Subjective Views ◽  
Linguistic Material

Abstract This study presents a content and qualitative discourse analysis of readers’ comments made on Czech journalism on sociopolitical topics published in Russian translation at InoSMI.ru. Following the tradition of ethnomethodology, which examines the formation of subjective views of the world from the viewpoint of the general population, the interpretation of the examined discourse focuses on analyzing the verbal attitudes of regular Russian readers of political journalism toward the opinions of the Czech public on the current-day Russia and toward Czechs and the Czech Republic in general. Specifically, the study examined the expressions of intolerance toward the opinions of others and linguistic aggression on the part of the Russian-speaking commenters toward the authors of critical Czech journalism as natural and instinctive dismissive reactions to “different” or hostile language and cultural and ideological expressions. The study is based on language data acquired by analyzing readers’ comments left on a total of 45 Russian translations of Czech journalistic writings published between January and September 2016 on 12 different Czech websites. The qualitative, critical analysis of the linguistic material is based on a sociocognitive approach, which assumes a dialectical relationship between the discourse and society operating through cognitive structures (knowledge and ideology). The aim of this study was to highlight the negative aspects of unsanctioned public sociopolitical discourse, which is currently made possible and accelerated by technology advances of the Internet network and, at a time of a de facto information war, contributes to the spread of negativistic and hostile attitudes and sentiments, rather than to a genuine intercultural dialog.

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