scholarly journals Advances in pulmonary drug delivery targeting microbial biofilms in respiratory diseases

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Sharma ◽  
Dhruv Kumar ◽  
Kajal Dahiya ◽  
Susan Hawthorne ◽  
Saurabh Kumar Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Effective Treatment Modality ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Suitable Treatment

The increasing burden of respiratory diseases caused by microbial infections poses an immense threat to global health. This review focuses on the various types of biofilms that affect the respiratory system and cause pulmonary infections, specifically bacterial biofilms. The article also sheds light on the current strategies employed for the treatment of such pulmonary infection-causing biofilms. The potential of nanocarriers as an effective treatment modality for pulmonary infections is discussed, along with the challenges faced during treatment and the measures that may be implemented to overcome these. Understanding the primary approaches of treatment against biofilm infection and applications of drug-delivery systems that employ nanoparticle-based approaches in the disruption of biofilms are of utmost interest which may guide scientists to explore the vistas of biofilm research while determining suitable treatment modalities for pulmonary respiratory infections.

scholarly journals The Role of Innate Immunity in Pulmonary Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Huihui Zhang ◽  
Fang He ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Philip R. Hardwidge ◽  
Nengzhang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Recognition Receptor

Innate immunity forms a protective line of defense in the early stages of pulmonary infection. The primary cellular players of the innate immunity against respiratory infections are alveolar macrophages (AMs), dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). They recognize conserved structures of microorganisms through membrane-bound and intracellular receptors to initiate appropriate responses. In this review, we focus on the prominent roles of innate immune cells and summarize transmembrane and cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling recognition mechanisms during pulmonary microbial infections. Understanding the mechanisms of PRR signal recognition during pulmonary pathogen infections will help us to understand pulmonary immunopathology and lay a foundation for the development of effective therapies to treat and/or prevent pulmonary infections.

Current advances on drug delivery nanoparticles for respiratory diseases treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rossi Canuto de Menezes ◽  
Karla Faquine Faquine Rodrigues ◽  
Vanessa Modelski Schatkoski ◽  
Raíssa Monteiro Pereira ◽  
Renata Guimarães Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The World

Cases of respiratory diseases have been growing around the world, affecting the health and life quality of millions of people every year. Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) and acute respiratory infections...

Biocompatible Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems with Targeting Potential for Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5488-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Neupane ◽  
Asiya Mahtab ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Archu Singh ◽  
Namrata Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases. These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.

Inhaled formulations and pulmonary drug delivery systems for respiratory infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi (Tony) Zhou ◽  
Sharon Shui Yee Leung ◽  
Patricia Tang ◽  
Thaigarajan Parumasivam ◽  
Zhi Hui Loh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Pulmonary Drug Delivery

scholarly journals Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Lu Tang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Ting Pan ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug

The encapsulation of therapeutic agents into nano-based drug delivery system for cancer treatment has received considerable attention in recent years. Advancements in nanotechnology provide an opportunity for efficient delivery of anticancer drugs. The unique properties of nanoparticles not only allow cancer-specific drug delivery by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adopting active targeting strategies, but also improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the loaded drugs, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety compared to conventional treatment modalities. Small molecule drugs are the most widely used anticancer agents at present, while biological macromolecules, such as therapeutic antibodies, peptides and genes, have gained increasing attention. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent achievements of novel nano-encapsulation in targeted drug delivery. A comprehensive introduction of intelligent delivery strategies based on various nanocarriers to encapsulate small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs and biological macromolecule drugs in cancer treatment will also be highlighted.

scholarly journals Scope and limitations on aerosol drug delivery for the treatment of infectious respiratory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 276-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Douafer ◽  
Véronique Andrieu ◽  
Jean Michel Brunel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Respiratory Diseases

scholarly journals Treatment of respiratory diseases with inhalation patches

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
L S. Starostina
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
High Incidence

The high incidence of respiratory infections at an early age requires constant attention of doctors of various specialties. It should be born in mind that the development of the respiratory tract in young children has unique features, and that different drugs can have different effects on the mucous membrane and ciliated epithelium. Also take into account the possibility of using different ways drugs can be administered to prevent and treat respiratory infections with due account for the age of the child, the effectiveness of action and adverse events risk reduction.

scholarly journals Effect of the antimicrobial stewardship protocol on the results of treatment of ICU patients with respiratory infections in a multidisciplinary hospital. Article

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
M. N Zamyatin ◽  
O. A Vekshina ◽  
V. G Gusarov ◽  
S. U Kuzminov ◽  
I. V Bardin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Therapy Algorithm ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Real Practice ◽  
Overall Mortality

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation in real practice of multidisciplinary hospital ICU a local Protocol for the treatment of respiratory infections. Materials and methods. The retrospective interventional study with historical control was performed in a regional clinical hospital with 940 beds. The Protocol was based on the results of local bacteriological data and included indications for start therapy, algorithm for selecting and canceling the antibiotic treatment. We included in analysis data from all patients with pneumonia and purulent tracheobronchitis who were treated in ICU for previous andnext year after the implementation of the Protocol (pre- and intervention period). In accordance with the diagnostic criteria, a group of 146 patients was formed out of 1090 patients who were treated in ICU in preintervention period and to compare with 174 patients group in the interventional period out of 1465 ICU patients. Results. The implementation of the Protocol helped to reduce the average duration of the AMT course from 13.7 to 10.4 days, p 0.01, the frequency of recurrence of pulmonary infection (22.6 % and 12.6 %, p = 0.028), the duration of artificial ventilation (p 0.01) and treatment in ICU (for 3 days, p = 0.025). Overall mortality in the groups decreased insignificantly (p = 0.06). Conclusion. Protocol for respiratory infections treatment is an effective tool for control of antimicrobial therapy. The implementation of the Protocol helps physician to timely and reasonably prescribe those antibiotics to the patient that will ensure an early start of effective therapy, and then also reasonably change the scheme or stop therapy. As a result, treatment results are improved, the probability of progression or recurrence of infection is reduced, the need of ventilatory support is reduced, as well as the duration of respiratory support and stay of patients in the ICU.

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