scholarly journals Current situation of feeding and social intervention in Mexico: A critical review / Situación actual de la alimentación e intervención social en México: Una revisión crítica

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-231
Author(s):  
Azucena Ojeda Sánchez ◽  
Caridad Rangel Yepez ◽  
Cecilia Mecalco Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Informative Approach ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

AbstractSince socioeconomic and political conditions influence eating behavior, the number of studies and interventions developed in Mexico has increased, where there is a long history of implementing policies and institutional programs aimed at malnutrition. Under this context, the purpose of this review was to analyze the current situation of food interventions implemented in Mexico, with emphasis on the actions of university institutions. The search was carried out at the Scielo, Elsevier and Latindex bases, focusing on the editorial production of the last decade. It was notorious that intersectoral policies and strategies to address malnutrition are far from local interventions, and its impact is not assessed. Biomedical approaches tend to be individualistic and prescriptive-normative; while the social, based on "educate in health", involves essentially informative strategies. Regard studies focused on young university students, exploratory and descriptive approaches predominate, leaving aside health promotion approaches. In general, the efforts made have been operated in isolation, with a predominance of the curative-informative approach rather than preventive and health promotion. Therefore, in order to enrich the understanding of the food phenomenon, it is urgent to resume sociocultural approaches.ResumenDado que las condiciones socioeconómicas y políticas influyen en el comportamiento alimentario, ha incrementado el número de estudios e intervenciones desarrolladas en México, en donde existe una larga historia de implementación de políticas y programas institucionales dirigidos a la malnutrición. Bajo este contexto, el propósito del presente estudio documental fue analizar la situación actual de las intervenciones alimentarias implementadas en México, con énfasis en las acciones de las instituciones universitarias. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases SciELO, Elsevier y Latindex, enfocándose en la producción editorial de la última década. Resultó notorio que las políticas y estrategias intersectoriales para atender la malnutrición están distantes de las intervenciones locales, y sin evaluación de su impacto. Los abordajes biomédicos tienden a ser individualistas y prescriptivos-normativos; mientras que los sociales, que parten de “educar en salud”, supone estrategias esencialmente informativas. En cuanto a los estudios enfocados en jóvenes estudiantes universitarios, predominan las aproximaciones exploratorias y descriptivas, quedando de lado los abordajes de promoción de la salud. En general, los esfuerzos realizados se han operado de manera aislada, con predominio del enfoque curativo-informativo más que preventivo y de promoción de la salud. Por tanto, en vistas de enriquecer la comprensión del fenómeno alimentario, resulta apremiante retomar los enfoques socioculturales.

Las Yslas de Esperar en Dios: The Jesuit Mission in Moro 1546–1571

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-606
Author(s):  
John Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Mission Field

The numerous and voluminous reports and letters which the Jesuits wrote on the Moro mission, as on all their missions in Asia, are perhaps of less interest to us now for what they reveal of the methods adopted by the Society of Jesus in this remote corner of their mission field or the details they contain about the successes and failures of individual missionaries, than for the wealth of information they provide on the islands where the Jesuits lived and the indigenous societies with which they came into contact through their work of evangelization. In other words, it is not theprimary purpose of this essay to analyse the Jesuit documents with a view to reconstructing the history of the Moro mission in narrative form but rather to glean from them some of the informationthey contain about the social and political conditions in Moro during the forty years or so in the sixteenth century when both the Jesuit missionaries and the Portuguese were active in the regio Because the Jesuits were often in close touch with local rulers and notables, whether or not they succeeded in converting them to Christianity, and because they lived among their subjects for long periods, depending upon them for the necessities of life and sharing their hardships, their letters and reports often show a deeper understanding of the social, economic and political conditions of the indigenous societies and, one suspects, give a more accurate and measured account of events and personalities than do the official chroniclers and historians of the time, most of whom never ventured further east than Malacca and who in any case were chiefly concerned to glorify the deeds of the Portuguese and justify their actions to the world.

The foundations of health promotion.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Ruth Cross ◽  
Simon Rowlands ◽  
Sally Foster
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Threshold Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Concepts Of Health ◽  
History Of

Abstract This book chapter seeks to: (i) explore concepts of 'health' held by lay people and health promoters; (ii) introduce recent work on the social determinants of health; (iii) introduce certain threshold concepts including salutogenesis, social models of health and upstream thinking; (iv) establish the value base of health promotion; (v) introduce the disciplinary foundations of health promotion; (vi) outline in more detail 'empowerment' as a key value in health promotion; and (vii) describe the key WHO conferences, which provide the milestones in the development of health promotion. This chapter has provided a foundation upon which to base further study; it has presented the key values and principles of health promotion; emphasized the need to tackle the social determinants of health; presented a history of health promotion's development through the WHO-led conferences; introduced some threshold concepts; introduced the disciplines that contribute to health promotion; outlined professional and lay concepts of health; and suggested that empowerment approaches are the essence of health promotion.

Before and behind the Pioneers of Modern Architecture in Singapore

2017 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Jiat-Hwee Chang
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Political Influences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions

This article situates the emergence of pioneer modern architects and architecture of Singapore in the longer history of colonial and post-colonial modernities and modernization, and in relation to socio-economic forces of capitalism and socio-political influences of the modern state in both the colonial and post-colonial eras. Rather than understand modern architecture in terms of style, this article goes behind style to explore the social, economic, technological and political conditions of producing modern architecture.

„tὴν ἀρχαίαν ἐπιζητοῦμεν πατρίδα”: Creștinii în căutarea patriei celei dintâi – încercări de definire a unei teologii a migrației

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ciprian Streza
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
Jewish Diaspora ◽  
The People ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Times

Migration, as the displacement of peoples, triggered throughout the centuries by wars, natural disasters, political oppression, poverty and famine, religious persecution is a profound human experience and an intimate part of the biblical saga from the beginning, along with the social, anthropological and spiritual issues it raises. The history of Israel is rooted in migration and the Jewish Diaspora is the most extensive and well documented migrations in antiquity. The wandering of the patriarchs, the Exodus, the exile, the dispersion and the return to Jerusalem are embedded in the consciousness of the people of Israel and helped define their character as a people and the nature of their relationship to God. For the Christian Church, migration was a phenomenon that configured its history and forced it to define itself and to specify the eschatological goal of its missionary. The patristic writings of the first centuries indicate that Christians have always considered themselves pilgrims to the heavenly homeland, not having a particular homeland here on earth, although they have always managed to adapt to the social and political conditions of the times. Starting from these historical, social and spiritual premises, the present study proposes a reflection both from a biblical and patristic perspective on the migration phenomenon, trying to offer the premises of a debate in the space of orthodox theology on this current topic.

The Social and Political Context of Conversion in Germany and England 1870–1914

2010 ◽  
pp. 95-114
Author(s):  
Todd M. Endelman
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Modern Jewish History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
First World

This chapter focuses on Jews who left Judaism in the decades before the First World War and who were not attracted by the spiritual truths or ethical values of Christianity. It discusses disaffiliation as a hallmark of modern Jewish history in the West in which the flow out of Judaism was not equally strong in all countries and among all strata of Jewish society. It also analyses the characteristic patterns of drift and defection that emerged in every country or region bearing the impress of larger social and political conditions. The chapter talks about the temptation to abandon Judaism, which increased from 1870 to 1914, when rising antisemitism called into question Jewish integration into state and society with unprecedented intensity. It refers to England and Germany as states with dissimilar political cultures and social systems, which illuminates the history of the Jewish communities there.

Revolutionary mass uprisings in authoritarian regimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-159
Author(s):  
Holger Albrecht ◽  
Kevin Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Popular Contention ◽  
Over Time

This article explores the conditions under which revolutionary mass uprisings are likely to occur. We offer a probabilistic explanation of the social and political conditions that make people rise against autocrats. The article presents a medium-n dataset of 79 revolutionary mass uprisings in 165 autocracies since 1945. Since revolutions are rare events, a combination of factors must come together to trigger them. Drawing on the extant literature on revolutionary change, we find initial support for a range of discrete factors. Our findings suggest that four such factors are particularly powerful explanations of revolutionary mass uprisings—and a combination of those factors will go a long way in predicting revolutionary change: a history of protracted low-level popular contention; the presence of personalist regimes; long tenure of incumbents in office; and the showroom effect of uprisings in the temporal and spatial vicinity of states. In a broader theoretical perspective, these findings give rise to a breaking-point explanation of revolutionary situations, emphasizing that mass uprisings build up over time, whereas structuralist theories or grievance-based approaches fare less well in predicting revolutionary ruptures.

Beyond externalism. Exploring new directions in the history of archaeology

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Moro Abadía
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Central Position ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Critical History ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions

AbstractIn recent years archaeologists have celebrated the emergence of a critical history of archaeology which has assumed a central position in disciplinary debates. This new historiography has been characterized by the adoption of an externalist or contextual approach primarily concerned with how social, economic and political conditions have influenced the interpretation of archaeological data. While externalism has played an essential role in the recognition of the history of archaeology as a field, I suggest in this article that it is time for historians to explore new ways of conceptualizing the social dimensions of archaeological knowledge. In particular, I consider how certain debates held by historians and sociologists of science during the last years can encourage historians of archaeology to enquire more critically about the blurry boundaries between ‘archaeology’ and its ‘context’.

Журналы фантастики и приключений «Уральский следопыт» и «Искатель» как источники по истории советской интеллигенции

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Vladimir Komissarov
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Local History ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Youth Education ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fiction Writers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Soviet Science Fiction

The article examines the source value of the Soviet popular magazines “Ural Pathfinder” and “Seeker”. First of all, the author considers the social and moral-political conditions in which these magazines were created. It is emphasized that both publications appeared at about the same time, at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, at the beginning of the so-called “Golden age” of Soviet science fiction, when a galaxy of young and active science fiction writers entered the arena of literary life. The appearance of magazines was a response to the request of Soviet readers, first of all, the intelligentsia, who needed new publications of science fiction and adventure themes. The content of these publications was also analyzed. There were differences between the magazines. The “Ural Pathfinder” was not only a literary and artistic publication, but also a popular scientific, historical, geographical, and local history publication. “Seeker” was a literary supplement to “Around the world”. Also, over time, by the 1980s, magazines acquired different ideological colors in the eyes of the Soviet intelligentsia, which, however, did not affect their popularity. At the end, the research results are summarized. In relation to the history of the intelligentsia, the source potential of magazines is limited by a number of factors. Among them, censorship restrictions and ideological divisions among the Soviet intelligentsia occupy an important place. However, the analyzed publications can serve as sources on the following aspects: the history of the Soviet press, primarily popular publications; the development of regional journalism; coverage of local history and environmental issues, issues of youth education (based on the materials of the “Ural Pathfinder”); the composition of the authors of fantasy and adventure works, their plot component.

scholarly journals MUHAMMAD ‘ABDUH’S REFORMISM: THE MODES OF ITS DISSEMINATION IN PRE-INDEPENDENT MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Hafiz Zakariya
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
The Social ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions

Muhammad ‘Abduh (1849-1905) was a prominent scholar, pedagogue, mufti ‘alim, theologian and reformer. Though trained in traditional Islamic knowledge, ‘Abduh, who was influenced by the ideas of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, became discontent with the existing methods of traditional Islamic learning. Based in Egypt, ‘Abduh led the late 19th-century Muslim reform to revitalize some aspects of Islamic doctrine and practice to make them compatible with the modern world. This reformist trend called for the reform of intellectual stagnation, revitalization of the socio-economic and political conditions of the ummah, and to make Islam compatible with modernity. ‘Abduh’s progressive reformism found following in various parts of the Muslim world including the Malay Archipelago. Among those influenced by ‘Abduh in the region were Sheikh Tahir Jalaluddin and Abdullah Ahmad in West Sumatra, Syed Sheikh al-Hadi in Malaya, and Kiyai Ahmad Dahlan in Yogyakarta. Though there is increasing literature on Muslim reformism, few works examine the social history of the transmission of ideas from one part of the Muslim world to another. Thus, this study analyzes how ‘Abduh’s reformism was transmitted to pre-independent Malaysia.

scholarly journals Beyond Sound in Sound Art: Society and Politics in the Art of Yasunao Tone and Akio Suzuki

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Joseph Tham Chin Pang
Keyword(s):  
Sound Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Times

The history of sound art has been a case of displacement and misplacement. It has been displaced due to the nature of the medium – sound, a phenomenon that is heard and felt but not seen. In a visually dominated world like ours, this spells the relegation of the importance of sound and audio sensitivity in a human’s perception, cognition and consciousness. It is misplaced as it is more often categorically subsumed under the other art form, music. Sound art is in fact one of the most ancient of art forms when the name of Greek god of wind, Aeolus, was used to name the Aeolian harp. Sound art has often been defined, in the late 20th century and early 21st century and by academics and critics, as a novel form of art. Once again it is another case of displacement and misplacement. The two case studies which will be discussed in this paper will foreground the social and political contexts of the artists as well as their responses to these socio-­political conditions to demonstrate that sound art, just like any other art forms like paintings, music and theatre, is reflexive of the times of the creators, and more.

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