"'P' dice P"

1999 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
João Vergílio Gallerani Cuter
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Attitudes ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Logical Syntax ◽  
Picture Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Pictorial Form

The paper is an interpretation of the critique of the Russellian theory of judgment, in  Wittgenstein’s Tractatus [5.5422]. The author holds that the picture theory of language is the Wittgensteinian alternative to Russell’s theory of types, on which his theory of judgment is based. In other words, the idea that a picture cannot represent its own pictorial form, would avoid, with difficulties of its own, the vicious circle that Wittgenstein sees in the theory of types, namely to suppose that a description of the categorical structure of the world may establish the logical syntax of language. From this diagnosis, the author draws important consequences to illuminate the celebrated Wittgensteinian distinction between saying and showing, as well as the Wittgensteinian account of propositional attitudes.

scholarly journals Role of Logic and Mentality as the Basics of Wittgenstein’s Picture Theory of Language and Extracting Educational Principles and Methods according to this Theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Kamal Nosrati Heshi ◽  
Hassanali Bakhtiyar Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Interactive Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Picture Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Theory Of Language

<p class="apa">The present paper attempts to recognize principles and methods of education based on Wittgenstein’s picture theory of language. This qualitative research utilized inferential analytical approach to review the related literature and extracted a set of principles and methods from his theory on picture language. Findings revealed that Wittgenstein believed in language as a picture of the real and assumed that the real is reflected in language. He believed that language and mentality are the same and language demonstrates a full picture of mentality. Besides, the world and the language possess a logical structure and this logic rules the world and the language. Later on, his picture theory of language, logic and mentality were used to extract and introduce principles for education as listed here: the reasonability principle, mind involvement principle, matching principle, reasoning principle, creativity principle and formation of mind, comprehensibility principle, liberal thinking principle, and the principle of considering individual differences. Thus, applying the method of concept comprehension, problem oriented method, heuristic method, brainstorming method and finally interactive methods like Socratic question and answer and group discussion method.</p>

Wittgenstein's Picture Theory of Language

1964 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Keyt
Keyword(s):  
Picture Theory ◽  
Theory Of Language

Language Matters

boundary 2 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Howard Eiland
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Ontological Theory

There is no getting around our residence in language—language understood not primarily as a system of signification but as the necessarily ambiguous existential condition of intelligibility in which we always already find ourselves situated, the historically evolving collective articulation of things. The ontological theory of language at issue here, with its concern for the problems of meaning and translation in particular and its methodological distance-in-nearness, entails a simultaneously concentrated and expansive allegorical experience of the world. Allegory brings out the word inherent in the thing—the word not as flat marker but as gravitating and radiating body of history. This essay touches on prominent nineteenth- and twentieth-century sources of this modernist theory of language and philosophical philology, thinkers who worked in different ways to open theoretical horizons while promulgating an art of reading. Such historically oriented and textually focused work of opening remains a political-educational imperative.

Understanding Irrationality

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Cavell
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Propositional Attitudes ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Wish Fulfillment

AbstractRecent philosophical work attempts to understand irrational acts on the model of practical reasoning. Such acts are regarded as intelligible in the light of ordinary propositional attitudes which are nevertheless conjoined in a way that explains the irrationality. It is here argued that some irrational acts cannot be so understood; that they are not actions, per se; and that Freud’s notion of “primary process”, particularly in its emphasis on hallucinatory wish-fulfillment and on what he calls “omnipotence of thought”, provides a useful description of such acts. Where hallucinatory wish-fulfillment (or phantasy) is operative, an anxiety or need causes an agent to see the world as one in which the anxiety-provoking state does not exist or has- somehow been dealt with satisfactorily. The need or lack is not acknowledged, as it is when one can properly speak of desire and of a reasoning that attempts to implement it.

scholarly journals Categories of everyday knowledge in German professional discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
Natalia Shnyakina ◽  
Anna Klyoster
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
Cognitive Action ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Of Cognition ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

The study of language as a cognitive phenomenon makes it possible to identify patterns of categorical division of the world. This paper considers the issue of the characteristics of everyday knowledge categories verbalization in professional discourse. On the basis of language fragments, objectifying ideas about the cognitive situation, through frame analysis, surface realizations of significant cognitive categories are investigated, among which are the subject of cognition, the object, the cognitive action, the instrument, the result, space and time. The named semantic nodes form the categorical structure of the frame behind the language fragment. The analysis demonstrates the compatibility of everyday and scientific knowledge division by a speaker; still, it illustrates the specificity of the language expression of frame nodes within the framework of professional discourse.

The metric system in the elementary grades

1967 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
Fred J. Helgren
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
System A ◽  
The World ◽  
English System

We are all interested in a better education for our children, a better education in less time and with less expenditure of effort and of the teacher's time. Educators say that they are not emphasizing the study of the metric system until industry makes the change, and industry says that it cannot change because all the help is educated in the use of the English system—a vicious circle if there ever was one; for the metric system has been the legal system of measure for 100 years, is used extensively in this country, is destined to become the only system of measure in this country, and is the language of measure throughout the world.

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS FI’L DALAM PERUBAHAN DAN PEMAKNAAN (Analisis Morfosemantik Terhadap Kamus Arab-Indonesia Karya Prof. DR. H. Mahmud Yunus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 83-121
Author(s):  
Ashief El Qorny
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Semantic Concept ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Right

Arabic is one of the main languages in the world and rich with cultural heritage. Arabic has a strong influence in literature and even in media. According to Ulama or Scholars, Arabic language is the most proper language which can explains a wider meaning with lafaz{ or simple word. The formation of a word can refer to several meanings. The Arabic vocabulary covers all fields. In its development, the Arabic language has borrowed many vocabularies from other languages, however, Arabic has also contributed a great deal to Eastern and Western languages. This can be found on the words which are in the Arabic dictionary. Theory of language that became the foundation of this research can help the writer in choosing the right concept to analyze the object of this research. Moreover, in this research, the writer will use a morph semantics concept which combines morphological and semantic concept. Morph semantic can be interpreted as a branch of linguistics that identifies grammatical units and their meanings. This research uses descriptive-analytical method, a research method that try to describe and interpret object with what it is. The study uses a qualitative approach, namely analytical procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken of the person or behavior that can be observed. The resultof this study indicates that; (1) Fi'l ma>d}i> in the dictionary does not undergo all changes according to the existing rhymes, only a few can experience the form of the fi'l ma>d{i> to mazi>d. (2) Productivity meaning fi'l mazi>d in Arabic-Indonesian dictionary on wazan فعّل is التعدية, on wazan فاعلisقد يكون بمعنى فَعَلَ المجرد, on wazan أفعل is التعدية, on wazan تفعّل is للتكليف and الصيرورة, on wazan تفاعل is للمشاركة, on wazan انفعل isلمطاوعة فَعَلَ  , on wazan  افتعلis لمطاوعة فَعَلَ, on wazan افعلّ is الدلالة على الدخول في الصفة, on wazan استفعل is للطلب , on wazan  افعوعل is قد يكون بمعنى المجرد.

scholarly journals Speech and temporality in the anthropology of dialogue: speaking in time

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Space Transformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Philosophy Of Dialogue ◽  
Dialogical Philosophy ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Existential Dimension

The article concerns the explication of anthropological concept of the philosophy of dialogue. Concepts of philosophers of dialogue are explored: Martin Buber's "sphere of between", Ferdinand Ebner's "pneumatology", Franz Rosenzweig's "linguistic thinking" and Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy "grammatical method". Changes in the perception of language under the influence of a new concept of communication are shown. Language acquires an existential dimension, becomes a way of overcoming the loneliness of consciousness, the space of the emergence, existence and manifestation of new philosophical meanings. Search for ways of communication with others and the world in general leads to the construction of a new concept of man with a renewed concept of freedom and the meaning of life. The philosophy of dialogue opposes the model of monological thinking, which changes the perception of the anthropological foundations. The true depth of consciousness opens only in communication (according to Ebner), therefore, it is the language which determines the existence; Rosenzweig’s "new thinking" begins with the recognition of the primacy of communication between people, God and the world; Rosenstock-Huessy’s "grammatical method" provides an opportunity to analyze various conditions and problems of society on the basis of analysis of types of speech; Buber’s «dialogic communication» goes beyond the boundaries of language and becomes a definite state of consciousness. Thus, freedom and identity formation of an individual are related to the individual’s communication with Others. It is also shown that anthropological space transformation is also influenced by the perception of subjective time. The article features temporal accentuation of philosophy of dialogue and states that the theory of language is associated with the category of time, while they both influence the anthropological concept of dialogical philosophy. The philosophy of dialogue emphasizes present time, which is connected with communication held "here and now". The article shows that the past and future in the philosophy of dialogue are connected with different forms of language, different types of communication. The word and language in the philosophy of dialogue become not just categories of poetics, but anthropological categories which influence changes of ideas about freedom, personality formation, communication and sense of subjective time.

The Tractatus’ Philosophy of Logic and the Logocentric Predicament

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-76
Author(s):  
Oskari Kuusela
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophy Of Logic ◽  
Picture Theory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Theory Of Language

This chapter explains how Wittgenstein’s early philosophy of logic resolves problems that arise for Frege’s and Russell’s philosophies of logic, relating to the status of logic, its apriority, bindingness, and justification of inferences. Relatedly, I discuss how Wittgenstein’s modifies Russell’s account of generality in logic with the purpose of addressing problems that arise for Frege’s and Russell’s views about logic as a substantial science, and how Wittgenstein replaces their accounts of logic as a science with a view of logic as an explicatory discipline the purpose of which is to clarify what thinkers and language users already know in the capacity of thinkers and language users. The chapter shows how Wittgenstein argues from within Frege’s and Russell’s accounts of logic, resolving tensions therein, rather than arguing dogmatically from the point of view of his own picture theory of language. Against a widely assumed view in the historiography of logic, I explain how metatheoretical considerations are possible from the point of view of Wittgenstein’s universalist account of logic, and how the so-called paradox of the Tractatus is resolved.

Truth, Reality and Temporality: Tractarian Visions

KronoScope ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Alejandro Tomasini Bassols
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Logical Theory ◽  
Picture Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Abstract Picture

AbstractLudwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus sketches a formal view of language, reality and truth. On this account, the work only offers a purely abstract picture of the world. Wittgenstein makes clear that in order to explain the sense and the truth of our propositions we have to appeal to notions like ostension (showing) and verification. From this perspective, it turns out that everything we say is one way or another verified in the present. In particular, our past-tense propositions are verified now, i.e., in the present. Thus Wittgenstein links his formal ontology, his Picture Theory and what I refer to as his 'logical theory of truth' with an appealing solipsistic stance. From this perspective, temporality just vanishes as a feature of reality. It is always now that the world is the totality of facts.

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