scholarly journals Planning organization features of blocks of low-rise buildings in the structure of a big city irkutsk

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Sergeevna Yagol’nik
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Major City ◽  
Planning Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Big City ◽  
City Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Low-rise residential buildings of different types occupy 48 % of residential areas of Irkutsk, which is practically a half of the housing stock of the city. That’s why the researcj of its planning structure and understanding of the features of each type formation in the city structure is quite current. In the process of investigation three main types of low-rise residential buildings were detected: private residential houses with land parcel; apartment houses; town houses. The authors investigated architectural and planning features of forming the areas of low-rise buildings of three types in the structure of a major city Irkutsk. The investigation is carried out with the aim to study the characteristic conditions of planning activity of the existing quarters of low-rise residential buildings, search for qualitative characteristics of the investigated types in the conditions of a big city.

scholarly journals Building Stability On Permafrost In Vorkuta, Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Kotov ◽  
V. Z. Khilimonyuk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Infrastructure Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The Infrastructure stability on permafrost is currently an important topic as the Arctic countries are developing climate change adaptation and mitigation programs. Assessing the sustainability of infrastructure facilities (especially in urban environments) is a difficult task as it depends on many parameters. This article discusses the city of Vorkuta, which is located in the northwest of Russia. This city differs from many others built on permafrost because most of buildings were built according to Principle II (The Active Method) of construction on permafrost with thawing soil prior to construction. Assessments of the engineering and geocryological conditions, basic principles of construction in the city, and reasons for building failures, were carried out within this study. The research is based on publications, open data about buildings, and visual observations in Vorkuta. About 800 buildings are in use in Vorkuta in 2020 (43% of what it was 50 years ago). According to the analysis, about 800 houses have been demolished or disconnected from utility lines over the past 50 years (about 250 of these are still standing, pending demolition). Since 1994, the construction of new residential buildings has almost stopped. Therefore, buildings that have been in use for over 50 years will account for 90% of the total residential housing stock by 2040. The effects of climate change in the city will depend primarily on the principle of construction employed and on the geocryological conditions of the district. Buildings constructed according to Principle I (The Passive Method) were found to be more vulnerable due to a decrease in permafrost bearing capacity. The impact of increasing air temperature on some of the buildings built on bedrock (the central part of the city) and some built on thawing soil will be minimal, as other factors are more significant.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL-URBAN-MODELING OF THE NETWORK OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE LARGEST CITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KHARKIV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (163) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
I. Dreval ◽  
A. Zhabina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Major City ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
City Structure ◽  
The City

The paper is dedicated to the problem of creating a network of public spaces in the downtown area of a major city as an effective means of its humanization. The goal of the work is to justify and develop a graphical model of the network of public spaces in the structure of the downtown area of a major city on example of Kharkiv. Analysis of the scientific works of foreign and domestic authors has shown that the issues relating to the formation of a spatially integrated network of public spaces have not been subjected to special scientific scrutiny. The use of the law of isomorphism of structures of urban planning systems suggested that a network of public spaces could have a linear-nodal spatial organization. It is shown that open public spaces are located along the streets and should be seen as part of the city’s communication framework. The placement of a significant variety of small public service elements on the first floors of the city center neighborhood development contributes to the formation of public spaces along the streets. These pedestrian spaces providing connections to subway stations are “linear” components of the network. The presence of open, undeveloped spaces in areas close to the entrances to subway stations creates attractive conditions for the formation of new types of public spaces. On the basis of analysis of placement of 8 subway stations in the structure of the downtown area of Kharkiv there was justified the assumption that it is their areas that are considered to be “nodal” elements of the networks of public spaces. In this way, a spatially integrated network of public spaces is created and presents an effective means of humanizing the urban environment as a whole. The study of the architectural and urban construction of the network of public spaces in the city structure led to the conclusion of the effectiveness of such a measure in social, economic and aesthetic aspects.

scholarly journals Institution of public welfare: investments within historic settlements and the life cycle of the urban environment

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 751-769
Author(s):  
Olga V. Bakhareva ◽  
Liliya I. Azhimova ◽  
Alberto Celani ◽  
Nicolai S. Bolshakov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Adjacent Territory ◽  
The City

Introduction. The transformation of the economic space of the regions based on digitalization and the use of intelligent technologies in the housing sector gives rise to aesthetic technical problems. When implementing spontaneous investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of the old housing stock of cities, including historical and cultural monuments, as well as buildings that form historical buildings, technical and aesthetic consequences arise. The aim of the article is to study the implemented investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings on the adjacent territory of the border of the historical settlement of regional significance in the city of Kazan. Materials and methods. Full-scale inspection, photographic recording of the results of implemented investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of multi-apartment residential buildings of the housing stock on the adjacent territory of the border of the historical settlement of the city of Kazan. Results. As a result, a classification was drawn up of the types of interventions of the operating company, which significantly change the historical facades, change the single architectural and historical appearance of the street ensemble and generate negative externalities. Taking into account the prospects for growth in demand in the market for improving the energy efficiency of buildings of old housing stock, in order to maximize public welfare, it is proposed to consider the mechanism of state intervention to protect the architectural and historical environment of the city as a patronized good on the basis of state policy to create favorable conditions for the introduction of innovations in the housing sector in the form of institute of public guardianship. Conclusions. The institute of public guardianship will allow to preserve the artistic architectural ensembles of the city throughout the life cycle, to fight against parasitic architecture, to obtain an economic effect: to ensure low energy consumption in residential buildings of the old housing stock of cities, an increase in the value of real estate and the profitability of investment projects for the restoration, reconstruction and reconstruction of buildings in the historical part cities.

scholarly journals On the need to develop strategic directions for the formation of a comfortable living environment based on the needs of older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
Irina Saenko ◽  
Kristina Chepeleva ◽  
Olga Tolochko
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Social Models ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Planning Decisions

The article presents the results of assessment of the conformity of the existing living environment and identification of features of its development, based on the needs of older adults. The urbanization of society and the aging of the population are one of the factors that have recently given rise to the forms of development of the residential environment, which determine special organizational, managerial, and urban planning decisions for designing the parameters of residential buildings and housing stock, based on the needs of this category of citizens. Strategic tools made it possible to outline the main directions for the development of a comfortable living environment, based on the needs of older adults. The developed roadmap provides for the optimization of the existing regulatory framework for the design of residential areas and the popularization and implementation of new standards for integrated development. A city designed according to standards that meet the needs of various categories of citizens determines their choice of alternative social models of the living environment.

scholarly journals Quadrangle Courtyard Green Simulation Approach to Renovation of Residential Buildings in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Green Construction ◽  
The City

<p><b>Development of technology and the rapid increase in population has led to tremendous growth in the population of China. Beijing the capital city has become significantly overcrowded due to a high number of residents.The traditional courtyard houses have been drastically transformed and lost their cultural values over time. The quadrangle courtyard reflects the work and art of conventional Chinese residences. An average Beijing quadrangle courtyard building reflects both utility and aesthetics in its design and development. Quadrangle courtyard is designed to have a family-centered pattern with neighbors of the trunk and the community area for social networking and finally denotes cultural profundity. The poor architectural designs and ineffective construction practices have caused many problems in the city regarding sustainability and environmental protection, which has, in turn, increased the concerns of people towards building the traditional houses to ensure better living standards and greater sustainability. This study aims to conduct an evaluation of applications of green construction practices of the traditional courtyard houses on the renovation and reconstruction of contemporary residential buildings in Beijing. </b></p> <p>The study utilizes quantitative approaches for collection and subsequent evaluation of data regarding the subject matter of the research. With respect to the literature review, thesis has performed a review of different literature including journal articles, books, newspapers, and other publications, while for collection of primary data has used with computer-assisted architectural simulation models, which is then analyzed through data triangulation technique. Further, a base model and reference models are generated for computer simulation usingPhoniecs and Green Simulation Studio software's, for the analysis and to analyse the influence of internal courtyard and courtyard for wind flow. The model that exhibits the best width to length ratio and natural room environment is chosen for evaluation.The study was conducted in the residential areas of Dashilar Hutong, Jingyang, Deyang,Dongcheng District, Yue Hutong, Changchun Street Hutong Area, and Yongning District. The study is limited to the given areas only, and no evaluation is performed on other areas of the city and buildings that are not recently renovated or reconstructed. The study also provides recommendations to the architect firms and regulatory authorities regarding applications of green construction practices of the traditional courtyard houses on the renovation and reconstruction of contemporary residential buildings in Beijing. In the assessment, the spatial design of courtyards is balanced; the aspect ratio is planned to crate natural buffer space is created.</p> <p>Further, to examine the performance of the courtyard design the study applied the Computational Fluid Dynamics (C.F.D.) programming, Parabolic Hyperbolic, or Elliptic Numerical Integration Code Series (PHOENICS), for wind condition simulation. Later with the help of the Green build studio of Autodesk, the study had undergone Green Simulation. The Quadrangle courtyard building performance is analyzed by Green BuildingStudio to generate outputs like heating and cooling loads, and monthly electricity and fuel consumption, and their life cycle cost. Results show for a courtyard with a decent combination of courtyard layout and aspect ratiois chosen. Finally, the study suggests the best suited planning strategy for the new proposals and design implications for a new courtyard from the angle of green building construction.</p>

scholarly journals The issue on environmental assessment of air quality of residential areas near traffic flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 12009
Author(s):  
Tatiana Germanova ◽  
Anna Kernozhitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Network Composition ◽  
The City

A significant role in ensuring comfortable living conditions in the urban environment is played by the competent organization of the transport and road complex, which is aimed at ensuring road safety, reducing the load on highways for car density and improving the efficiency of traffic in the city when performing planning and technological measures. At the same time, the current state of the city’s traffic flows as sources of increased chemical pollution of the air environment requires an increase in the distance from streets and roads to residential buildings. This distance should be normalized by chemical and physical indicators of the state of atmospheric air and should be taken into account when red lines are established. In this article we analyze: functional state of the city, road network, composition and intensity of traffic flows for Tyumen. The traffic flows of the city are concentrated mainly in the central part of it. A particularly critical situation is formed at the intersections of cargo-loaded main streets at the hours of maximum traffic intensity and on the main highways of the city. We substitute the provision of regulatory requirements for the chemical pollution level at a distance from the border of the carriageway to the border of residential buildings in order to achieve sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Trends in Development of Residential Areas in Suburban Zone of the City of Nitra (Slovakia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Repaská ◽  
Katarína Vilinová ◽  
Lucia Šolcová
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
The Face ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
The City

Abstract Political changes in Slovakia after 1989 initiated new economic trends which significantly affected the structure of cities and rural municipalities. The process of suburbanization has changed the rural landscape with a widespread increase in new residential areas. Based on an analysis of residential suburbanization, the aim of the paper is to describe the encroachment of residential construction in the suburban zone of Nitra through increase in the size of the housing stock, number of housing types and the spatial localization of suburban construction. Such analysis of residential development contributes to the knowledge of the extent and intensity of the residential suburbanization process in the outskirts of the city of Nitra. Theoretical analysis of residential suburbanization is based on the relevant literature, placing it into context alongside the works of authors from Western and Central Europe. The research is based on standard geographical methods including field research. To compare the changes in residential areas aerial photos from 2001 and 2015 were used. Results show that in the municipalities of the suburban zone significant changes have occurred in the building sprawl, thus changing the face of rural municipalities and the character of the rural landscape.

scholarly journals Concretes with nanoadditive of fired recycled concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
B.V. Gusev ◽  
V.D. Kudryavtseva ◽  
V.A. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City ◽  
Mineral Additives

The practice of using recycled concrete from the broken concrete of substandard reinforced concrete products can become widespread in practice. The undoubted relevance of this topic is explained by the program for the renovation of the housing stock in the city of Moscow, which provides for the demolition of 5-storey residential buildings until 2032. The problem of recycling and reuse of construction waste becomes obvious to improve the environmental situation, as well as to reduce the cost of materials in construction and preserve natural resources. The article deals with the nanostructuring of cement systems by means of introduction of ultra- and nanodispersed mineral additives. In this case, additional grinding of mineral additives is carried out in cavitation units. Nanostructuring provides the compaction of concrete structures and an increase in the strength properties of concrete.

scholarly journals Requalification of Residential Space in Tirana - Methodologies and Intervention Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Etleva Dobjani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Post War ◽  
Informal Development ◽  
The City

The city of Tirana is subject to constant physical and spatial metamorphosis. In its urban territory, the different residential typologies are well distinguished by socio-economic conditions and the technical-constructive characteristics which have been influenced by political development of the country. The multi-family residential buildings from the post-war period up to the 1990s, in addition to the problems that accompanied them from their initial construction, are found today in front of a physical degradation derived from the years they have. Problematic residential spaces are also most of the buildings constructed in the first decade after 1990, characterized by a low technological and housing quality, derived from an uncontrolled and informal development of the building sector. The building quality in this research, is focused on the applied architectural standards, the technological solutions adopted and the energy consumption derived from them. From the analysis made it has been reached in the conclusions that a renewal and requalification process is necessary to reduce the energy waste and to increase the quality of housing within residential spaces. The main objective of this research is to contribute to the sustainable development of the residential area of Tirana, referring to both the architectural and technological scale. Sustainable development in this paper is closely linked to the quality of residential spaces, which is directly related to the quality of life of the inhabitants. Due to the complexity of the urban environment and its transformations over time, the identification of light regeneration and redevelopment strategies is fundamental, minimizing demolition works. This article includes numerous European examples and a theoretical part, from which proposals for the future development of the residential areas of the city of Tirana can be extrapolated.

scholarly journals STALINGRAD TRACTOR PLANT AS A SPACE FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CONSTRUCTIVISM

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
A. G. Tokarev
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Industrial Architecture ◽  
The City ◽  
Tractor Plant ◽  
Construction Works

The paper is devoted to Stalingrad Tractor Plant, one of the main plants of the Soviet industrialization. The spatial planning pattern of the plant, its settlements, industrial architecture, public and residential buildings are considered herein. Notably, that one of the largest tractor plants in the world was put into operation within the shortest time. Its construction gave a start to the urban development in the north which embodied the advanced ideas in the city planning and architecture of that time. Leading foreign and Russian experts were involved in design and construction works. It is shown that design solutions of residential areas (Upper and Lower) combine both the traditional and innovative principles of the city-planning in the 1920–30s, including the tractor plant and its settlements. It is concluded that whereas residential buildings the early 1930s are characterized by rationality, simplicity, public buildings are expressive and diverse, and represent consistent design principles. The attribution of other objects is also clarified in this paper.

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