Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization Status in Selected Alien Invasive Plants of Asteraceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
M.C. Freddy Vanlalmuana ◽  
◽  
Lalmuan puia ◽  
Kripamoy Chakraborty ◽  
R. Lalfakzuala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alien Invasive Plants

Invasive alien plants tend to grow much faster than non-invasive plants. The colonization by AM fungi is confirmed by the presence of mycorrhizal structures in the roots of invasive plants. The pattern of hyphae and arbuscules denotes Arum and Paris type of AM fungal morphology. The most common and abundant invasive plants from Asteraceae family were selected for the study. Ageratum conyzoides, Mikania micrantha, Ageratum haustonianum and Bidens Pilosa were selected and eventually showed that they have a high percentage of mycorrhizal colonization. Arum type of morphology is found in three of the plant species and Paris type of morphology is found in one of the species. The extent of AM fungal colonization is fairly high ranging from 60% to 90% among the studied plants. The percentage of arbuscular colonization is highest in Bidens pilosa and the percentage of vesicle and hyphal colonization is highest in Ageratum conyzoides.

scholarly journals Survey of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Northern California Vineyards and Mycorrhizal Colonization Potential of Grapevine Nursery Stock

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1702-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Cheng ◽  
Kendra Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Colonization Potential

Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities were characterized by examining spores in five fumigated and five nonfumigated vineyards in Northern California. None of the vineyards surveyed lacked spores, but species composition differed among the vineyards. Most of the fungi were in the genus Glomus; Paraglomus occultum Morton & Redecker, G. etunicatum Becker & Gerd., and G. aggregatum Schenck & Smith emend. Koske were the most common species identified. Fungal diversity was greater in nonfumigated than in fumigated vineyards. Field-propagated grapevine nursery stock was examined as a potential source of AM fungi for fumigated vineyards. We quantified fungal colonization of new roots initiated from field-grown benchgrafts and potted benchgrafts of Cabernet Sauvignon on three rootstocks (101-14, 110R, and St. George). After 7 months of growth in the greenhouse, new roots initiated from dormant roots of field-grown and potted benchgrafts were colonized by AM fungi. Mycorrhizal colonization of new roots of field-grown benchgrafts was significantly higher than that of potted benchgrafts. Our results suggest that field-propagated nursery stock can serve as a source of AM fungi and may be better suited for fumigated and/or low phosphorus soils than potted benchgrafts.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and growth of Eremanthus incanus Less. in a highland field

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Pagano ◽  
M.N. Cabello ◽  
M.R. Scotti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Highland Vegetation ◽  
Glomus Sp

This paper focuses on Eremanthus incanus Less. (Asteraceae), a common species of highland regions in Brazil. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on plant growth (height and diameter) was evaluated. Roots were examined from individuals randomly selected from undisturbed areas of highland vegetation and from an experimental restored site. Results showed that E. incanus presented high AM colonization both in restored and undisturbed sites. Moreover, AM colonization was significantly higher in the inoculated treatment than in the non-inoculated one. The species presented Arum-type colonization and frequent production of vesicles, especially in the restored site. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation stimulated plant growth (height and diameter). Ten AM fungi (AMF) taxa were found in the studied rooting zones: Acaulospora spinosa, A. elegans, A. foveata, Acaulospora sp., Gigaspora margarita, Glomus sp., Dentiscutata biornata, D. cerradensis, Dentiscutata sp. and Racocetra verrucosa. These results revealed that AMF is a common and important component in highland vegetation in Brazil, and should be included in future restoration programs.

Is cortical root colonization required for carbon transfer to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi? Evidence from colonization phenotypes and spore production in the reduced mycorrhizal colonization (rmc) mutant of tomato

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Manjarrez ◽  
F. Andrew Smith ◽  
Petra Marschner ◽  
Sally E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
External Mycelium ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the phenotypes formed in the reduced mycorrhizal colonization (rmc) Solanum lycopersicum  L. (tomato) mutant with different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were used to explore the potential of different fungal structures to support development of external fungal mycelium and spores. The life cycle of AM fungi with rmc was followed for up to 24 weeks. Results showed that production of external mycelium was slight and transitory for those fungi that did not penetrate the roots of rmc (Pen–) ( Glomus intraradices DAOM181602 and Glomus etunicatum ). For fungi that penetrated the root epidermis and hypodermis (Coi–, Glomus coronatum and Scutellospora calospora ) the mycelium produced varied in size, but was always smaller than with the wild-type 76R. Spores were formed by these fungi with 76R but not with rmc. The only fungus forming a Myc+ phenotype with rmc, G. intraradices WFVAM23, produced as much mycelium with rmc as with 76R. We observed lipid accumulation in hyphae and vesicles in both plant genotypes with this fungus. Mature spores were formed with 76R. However, with rmc, spores remained small and (presumably) immature for up to 24 weeks. We conclude that significant carbon transfer from plant to fungus can occur in Coi– interactions with rmc in which no cortical colonization occurs. We speculate that both carbon transfer and root signals are required for mature spores to be produced.

scholarly journals Hormonal Concentration and Growth in Chili Plants Inoculated with Several Mycorrhizal Fungus, Evaluated in Different Steps

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 832D-833
Author(s):  
Francisco Roman-García ◽  
María Patricia Yahuaca-Mendoza ◽  
Javier Farias-Larios ◽  
J. Gerardo López-Aguirre* ◽  
Sergio Aguilar-Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hormonal Concentration ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Hormonal Levels

The contribution of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on hormonal levels increase in chili plants, at different steps is currently unknown. In this experiment was evaluated the effect of Glomus sp. Zac-19, G. etunicatum and G. intraradices, inoculation mirasol and ancho cultivars, under greenhouse conditions. Plants were growing in pots containing 1 kg of substrate (3 sand: 1 soil ratio). The effect was measured on fresh fruit production and indolacetic acid, giberellin GA3 and 6-aminopurine concentration. Also plant parameters measured were: plant height, foliar area, stem diameter, root length, aerial fresh weight, total fresh weight, fruit weight and mycorrhizal colonization. All treatments were imposed using 16 replications in a full random design. Results shown that mycorrhizal colonization average of the three fungus was 44% in mirasol cultivar y 42% in ancho cultivar. Mycorrhizal colonization had an effect on growth and development in both cultivars, expressed in a greater height, leaf number, foliar area, total fresh weigh and fruit mass. Was registered an increase of 80% in the yield in inoculated plants respecting to control. Indolacetic acid and gibberellins concentration in shoots, were bigger in plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) than in control. The 6-aminopurine levels in roots of colonized plants by AMF shown higher values. These results suggest that AM fungi modify the hormonal concentration and some growth factors in chili plants.

scholarly journals Effect of leaf water extracts of four Asteraceae alien invasive plants on germination performance of Lactuca sativa L. under acid deposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyuan Cheng ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Mei Wei ◽  
Youli Yu ◽  
Congyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
The Family ◽  
Erigeron Annuus ◽  
Alien Invasive Plants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Allelopathy of alien invasive plants (AIP) on plant germination performance is essential for their successful invasion. However, the allelopathy of AIP may be reformed or even strengthened under acid deposition. AIP in Asteraceae covers the uppermost number of AIP species at the family level presently in China. It is necessary to estimate the allelopathy of multiple Asteraceae AIP under acid deposition to address the mechanism driving their successful invasion, especially under acid deposition. However, research in this area is very restricted presently. This study purposes to estimate the allelopathy of four Asteraceae AIP, i.e., Conyza canadensis L. Cronq., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., Aster subulatus Michx., and Bidens pilosa L., on germination performance of the cultivated Asteraceae plant species Lactuca sativa L. which is sensitive to allelochemicals under acid deposition with different levels of acidity. Of the four Asteraceae AIP, C. canadensis, E. annuus, and B. pilosa create noticeable allelopathy on germination performance of L. sativa. The allelopathy of the four Asteraceae AIP decreases in the following order: E. annuus, C. canadensis, B. pilosa, and A. subulatus. Acid deposition with a low level of acidity reduces the allelopathy of C. canadensis, E. annuus, and B. pilosa. Inversely, acid deposition with a high level of acidity elevates the allelopathy of B. pilosa. The progressively growing level of acid deposition with high acidity may facilitate the invasion process of B. pilosa via the improved level of allelopathy.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of some Kashmir Himalayan alien invasive plants

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor A. Shah ◽  
Zafar A. Reshi ◽  
Damase Khasa
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Status ◽  
Alien Invasive Plants

scholarly journals Medicago SPX1 and SPX3 regulate phosphate homeostasis, mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Roxane Snijders ◽  
Wouter Kohlen ◽  
Jieyu Liu ◽  
Ton Bisseling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Phosphate Starvation ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phosphate Homeostasis ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene ◽  
Inner Cortex

AbstractTo acquire sufficient mineral nutrients such as phosphate (Pi) from the soil, most plants engage in a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Attracted by plant-secreted strigolactones, the fungi colonize the roots and form highly-branched hyphal structures called arbuscules inside inner cortex cells. It is essential that the host plant controls the different steps of this interaction to maintain its symbiotic nature. However, how plants sense the amount of Pi obtained from the fungus and how this determines the arbuscule lifetime is far from understood. Here, we show that Medicago truncatula SPX-domain containing proteins SPX1 and SPX3 regulate root phosphate starvation responses as well as fungal colonization and arbuscule degradation. SPX1 and SPX3 are induced upon phosphate starvation but become restricted to arbuscule-containing cells upon establishment of the symbiosis. Under Pi-limiting conditions they facilitate the expression of the strigolactone biosynthesis gene DWARF27, which correlates with increased fungal branching by root exudates and increased root colonization. Later, in the arbuscule-containing cells SPX1 and SPX3 redundantly control the timely degradation of arbuscules. This regulation does not seem to involve direct interactions with known transcriptional regulators of arbuscule degradation. We propose a model where SPX1 and SPX3 control arbuscule degeneration in a Pi-dependent manner via a yet-to-identify negative regulator.

scholarly journals Influence of AM fungi and its associated bacteria on growth promotion and nutrient acquisition in grafted sapota seedling production

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Panneerselvam ◽  
B. Saritha
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Combined Application

A study was undertaken to know the effect of co-inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and its associated bacteria on enhancing AM root colonization, growth promotion and nutrient acquisition in grafted sapota plants. The best mycorrhiza associated bacteria i.e. Pseudomonas putida (HM590707) isolated from Funneliformis mosseae spore was evaluated along with AM fungi for growth promotion and AM fungal colonization in grafted sapota plants. The combined application of P. putida along with AM fungi significantly increased plant height (39.67 %), stem girth (3.2 cm), total biomass (66.8 g plant-1), AM root colonization (73.4 %)and plant nutrient concentrations viz., N (2.52 %), P (0.18 %), K (2.90 %), Fe (428.4 ppm) and Zn (21.40 ppm) as compared to uninoculated control. This finding clearly demonstrated that grafted sapota plants can be successfully established by combined inoculation of AM fungi and its associated bacteria which have a greater impact on healthy grafted plants.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviates plant drought stress within and across plant generations via plasticity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Puy ◽  
Carlos Perez Carmona ◽  
Inga Hiiesalu ◽  
Maarja Opik ◽  
Mari Moora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Am Symbiosis

Phenotypic plasticity is essential for organisms to adapt to local ecological conditions. Little is known about how mutualistic interactions, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, mediate plant phenotypic plasticity and to what extent this plasticity may be heritable (i.e. transgenerational effects). We tested for plant plasticity within- and across-generations in response to AM symbiosis and varying water availability in a full factorial experiment over two generations, using the perennial apomictic herb Taraxacum brevicorniculatum. We examined changes in phenotype, performance, and AM fungal colonization of the offspring throughout plant development. AM symbiosis and water availability triggered phenotypic changes during the life cycle of plants. Additionally, both triggered adaptive transgenerational effects, especially detectable during the juvenile stage. Drought stress and absence of AM fungi caused concordant plant phenotypic modifications towards a stress-coping phenotype within- and across-generations. AM fungal colonization of offspring was also affected by the parental environment. AM symbiosis can trigger transgenerational effects, including changes in functional traits related to resource-use acquisition and AM fungal colonization of the offspring, in turn affecting the biotic interaction. Thus, transgenerational effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis are not limited to plant fitness, but also improve plants ability to cope with environmental stress.

scholarly journals Is there genetic variation in mycorrhization ofMedicago truncatula?

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothée Dreher ◽  
Heena Yadav ◽  
Sindy Zander ◽  
Bettina Hause
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Independent Experiment ◽  
Fungal Colonization

Differences in the plant’s response among ecotypes or accessions are often used to identify molecular markers for the respective process. In order to analyze genetic diversity ofMedicago truncatulain respect to interaction with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungusRhizophagus irregularis, mycorrhizal colonization was evaluated in 32 lines of the nested core collection representing the genetic diversity of the SARDI collection. All studied lines and the reference line Jemalong A17 were inoculated withR. irregularisand the mycorrhization rate was determined at three time points after inoculation. There were, however, no reliable and consistent differences in mycorrhization rates among all lines. To circumvent possible overlay of potential differences by use of the highly effective inoculum, native sandy soil was used in an independent experiment. Here, significant differences in mycorrhization rates among few of the lines were detectable, but the overall high variability in the mycorrhization rate hindered clear conclusions. To narrow down the number of lines to be tested in more detail, root system architecture (RSA) ofin vitro-grown seedlings of all lines under two different phosphate (Pi) supply condition was determined in terms of primary root length and number of lateral roots. Under high Pi supply (100 µM), only minor differences were observed, whereas in response to Pi-limitation (3 µM) several lines exhibited a drastically changed number of lateral roots. Five lines showing the highest alterations or deviations in RSA were selected and inoculated withR. irregularisusing two different Pi-fertilization regimes with either 13 mM or 3 mM Pi. Mycorrhization rate of these lines was checked in detail by molecular markers, such as transcript levels ofRiTubulinandMtPT4. Under high phosphate supply, the ecotypes L000368 and L000555 exhibited slightly increased fungal colonization and more functional arbuscules, respectively. To address the question, whether capability for mycorrhizal colonization might be correlated to general invasion by microorganisms, selected lines were checked for infection by the root rot causing pathogen,Aphanoymces euteiches. The mycorrhizal colonization phenotype, however, did not correlate with the resistance phenotype upon infection with two strains ofA. euteichesas L000368 showed partial resistance and L000555 exhibited high susceptibility as determined by quantification ofA. euteichesrRNA within infected roots. Although there is genetic diversity in respect to pathogen infection, genetic diversity in mycorrhizal colonization ofM. truncatulais rather low and it will be rather difficult to use it as a trait to access genetic markers.

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