FEMININITY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS IN COLLEGE WOMEN

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth W. Brazelton ◽  
Katherine S. Greene ◽  
Malcolm Gynther
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
College Women ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
College Females ◽  
Positive Correlations

This study evaluated the relationships among femininity, depression, and stress. One hundred eighty-six college females were given the Beck Depression Inventory, the Behavioral Self-report of Femininity and the Psychological Distress Inventory. Positive correlations were found between femininity and depression. Lower femininity and lower depression scores tended to be associated with reports of high stress. Further work is needed to clarify the relationships among these important variables.

Femininity, Bulimia, and Distress in College Women

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth W. Brazelton ◽  
Katherine S. Greene ◽  
Malcolm Gynther ◽  
Jennifer O'Mell
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
College Women ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Self Report

This study investigated differences in the scores on perceived Distress and Bulimia among college women with varying scores on the Behavioral Self-report of Femininity. Distress was assessed using The Psychological Distress Inventory and Bulimia was measured using the Bulimia Cognitive Distortions Scale. Women who reported low numbers of stereotypic feminine behaviors scored lower on the Bulimia Cognitive Distortions Scale than women reporting moderate to high numbers of stereotypic feminine behaviors. Distress scores were not significantly different between women scoring high and low on Bulimic Cognitive Distortions, and Bulimic Cognitive Distortion scores did not vary as a function of scores on Distress and Femininity. A multiple regression indicated that one factor of the Behavioral Self-report of Femininity, Social Connectedness, made a significant contribution to the prediction of Bulimia scores.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress and Post-Traumatic Symptomatology among Dental Healthcare Workers in Russia: Results of a Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sarapultseva ◽  
Alena Zolotareva ◽  
Igor Kritsky ◽  
Natal’ya Nasretdinova ◽  
Alexey Sarapultsev
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection has increased the risk of mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and healthcare workers (HCWs) are at greater risk than other occupational groups. This observational cross-sectional study aimed to explore the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD among dental HCWs in Russia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The survey was carried out among 128 dental HCWs from three dental clinics of Ekaterinburg, Russia. The mean age of the sample was 38.6 years. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21); PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Symptom Scale-Self-Report (PSS-SR); subjective distress was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The results indicated that 20.3–24.2% HCWs had mild to extremely severe symptoms of psychological distress, and 7.1–29.7% had clinical symptoms of PTSD. No differences between females and males were revealed. HCWs working directly with patients had significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms and the risk of PTSD development compared to those working indirectly, whereas older HCWs had significantly higher levels of both psychological distress and PTSD symptoms compared to younger HCWs. Thus, dental HCWs are at high risk for psychological distress and PTSD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Kessler Distress Scale (K10): an application of the rating scale model

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Morais Peixoto ◽  
Daniela Sacramento Zanini ◽  
Josemberg Moura de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Rating Scale Model

Abstract Background The Kessler Distress Scale (K10) is a self-report scale for the assessment of non-specific psychological distress in the general and clinical population. Because of its ease of application and good psychometric properties, the K10 has been adapted to several cultures. The present study seeks to adapt the K10 to Brazilian Portuguese and estimate its validity evidence and reliability. Methods A total of 1914 individuals from the general population participated in the study (age = 34.88, SD = 13.61, 77.7% female). The adjustment indices were compared among three different measurement models proposed for the K10 through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The items’ properties were analyzed by Andrich’s Rating Scale Model (RSM). Furthermore, evidence based on relations to other variables (depression, stress, anxiety, positive and negative affects, and satisfaction with life) was estimated. Results CFA indicated the adequacy of the bifactor model (CFI= 0.985; TLI= 0.973; SMR= 0.019; RMSEA= 0.050), composed of two specific factors (depression and anxiety) and one general factor (psychological distress), corresponding to the theoretical hypothesis. Additionally, it was observed multiple-group invariance by gender and age range. The RSM provided an understanding of the organization of the continuum represented by the psychological distress construct (items difficulty), which varied from −0.89 to 1.00; good adjustment indexes; infit between 0.67 and 1.32; outfit between 0.68 and 1.34; and desirable reliability, α= 0.87. Lastly, theoretically coherent associations with the external variables were observed. Conclusions It is concluded that the Brazilian version of the K10 is a suitable measure of psychological distress for the Brazilian population.

scholarly journals The Utility of Physiological Measures in Assessing the Empathic Skills of Incarcerated Violent Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2199405
Author(s):  
Julie Palix ◽  
Ahmad Abu-Akel ◽  
Valérie Moulin ◽  
Milena Abbiati ◽  
Jacques Gasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Positive Correlations

Since lack of empathy is an important indicator of violent behaviors, researchers need consistent and valid measures. This study evaluated the practical significance of a potential physiological correlate of empathy compared to a traditional self-report questionnaire in 18 male violent offenders and 21 general population controls. Empathy skills were assessed with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) questionnaire. Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) was assessed with an electrocardiogram. The RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive beat-to-beat Differences), an HRV index implicated in social cognition, was calculated. There were no group differences in IRI scores. However, RMSSD was lower in the offender group. Positive correlations between RMSSD and IRI subscales were found for controls only. We conclude that psychometric measures of empathy do not discriminate incarcerated violent offenders, and that the incorporation of psychophysiological measures, such as HRV, could be an avenue for forensic research on empathy to establish translatable evidence-based information.

scholarly journals ‘Should I Stay, or Should I Go?’ Psychological Distress Predicts Career Change Ideation among Intensive Care Staff in Lithuania and the UK Amid COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2660
Author(s):  
Ieva Norkiene ◽  
Lina Jovarauskaite ◽  
Monika Kvedaraite ◽  
Encarl Uppal ◽  
Mandeep Kaur Phull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Career Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on healthcare globally. Additional pressure created by coronavirus adversely affected the mental health and psychological well-being of healthcare workers, leading many to question their desire and willingness to continue working in healthcare. This study aimed to identify predictors for career change ideation among healthcare professionals in two countries; Lithuania and the United Kingdom amid the coronavirus pandemic. In total, 610 healthcare professionals from Lithuania and the UK (285 and 325, respectively) participated in a survey from May to August 2020. Psychological distress and psychological well-being were measured using the self-report scales “DASS-21” and “WHO-5”. Almost half of the sample (49.2%), 59.6% and 40.0% in Lithuanian and the UK, respectively, exhibited career change ideation, the country effect was significant (AOR = 2.21, p < 0.001). Stronger ideation to leave healthcare was predicted by higher levels of depression (AOR = 1.10, p = 0.005), stress (AOR = 1.10, p = 0.007), anxiety surrounding inadequate personal protective equipment (AOR = 2.27, p = 0.009), and lower psychological well-being scores (AOR = 1.10, p = 0.007). We conclude that psychosocial support must be provided for healthcare professionals to prevent burnout and loss of staff amid the pandemic.

scholarly journals Cyberbullying victimisation and internalising and externalising problems among adolescents: the moderating role of parent–child relationship and child's sex

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽  
K. Lalande ◽  
I. Colman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Externalising Problems ◽  
Bullying Victimisation ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Aims Previous research has found links between cyberbullying victimisation and internalising and externalising problems among adolescents. However, little is known about the factors that might moderate these relationships. Thus, the present study examined the relationships between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress, suicidality, self-rated poor mental health and substance use among adolescents, and tested whether parent–child relationship and child's sex would moderate these relationships. Methods Self-report data on experiences of cyberbullying victimisation, self-rated poor mental health, psychological distress, suicidality and substance use were derived from the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a province-wide school-based survey of students in grades 7 through 12 aged 11–20 years (N = 5478). Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, subjective socioeconomic status and involvement in physical fighting, bullying victimisation and perpetration at school. Results Cyberbullying victimisation was associated with self-rated poor mental health (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–2.81), psychological distress (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.90–3.06), suicidal ideation (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.83–3.08) and attempts (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.27–3.38), smoking tobacco cigarette (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.45–2.65), cannabis use (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.32–2.51), and binge drinking (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.03–2.02). The association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress was modified by parent–child relationship and child's sex (three-way interaction term p < 0.05). The association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress was much stronger among boys who have a negative relationship with their parents. Conclusions Findings suggest that cyberbullying victimisation is strongly associated with psychological distress in most adolescents with the exception of males who get along well with their parents. Further research using a longitudinal design is necessary to disentangle the interrelationship among child's sex, parent–child relationship, cyberbullying victimisation and mental health outcomes among adolescents in order to improve ongoing mental health prevention efforts.

Gender Differences in Grief Reactions following the Death of a Parent

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lawrence ◽  
Elizabeth L. Jeglic ◽  
Laura T. Matthews ◽  
Carolyn M. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Death Of A Parent ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Grief Reactions

This study examined gender differences in psychological functioning in a sample of college students who lost a parent to death. Male and female students ( n = 65) who had a parent that had died were asked to complete a series of self report questionnaires to assess psychological distress, feelings of grief and bereavement, and coping strategies. Overall, no gender differences were found between bereaved students on measures of psychological distress. However an avoidant coping style was related to symptoms of depression in females, but not in males. Students who lost a mother were more likely to report symptoms of depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation as compared to students who lost a father. Future research implications and the clinical importance of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISTANCE LEARNING PROCESSES AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ANXIETY IN TIMES OF COVID19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loucia Demetriou ◽  
Lydia Keramioti ◽  
Demetris Hadjicharalambous
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Academic Challenges ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Positive Correlations

Governments worldwide have implemented strict physical and social distancing measures to prevent contamination from the COVID-19 pandemic and flatten the epidemic curve. Recent findings show that university students have experienced increased anxiety and moderate-to-severe stress because of confinement measures (quarantine) (Husky et al., 2020; Islam et al., 2020). In Cyprus, universities switched to distance learning in mid-March 2020. The present research examined the social and academic challenges that university students are experiencing during the lockdown measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. We focused on assessing the students' stress levels while they were trying to adjust to distance learning and while, at the same time, balancing their jobs with their studies. We considered whether they lived with or separated from their family and friends during that time. Our study is a quantitative study with a sample of 80 students from Cyprus and Greece who attended a private university in Cyprus until November 2020. We collected our data using Beck's Anxiety Inventory and a self-report e-questionnaire, which we created especially for the purposes of our study. The instrument was generated using the Google Form, and shared through social media platforms. We analysed data with the chi-square test application to detect correlations between working and non-working students and students who lived with or away from their family network during the lockdown regarding their stress levels and their adaptability to distance-learning. Results indicated statistically significant positive correlations between employment, distance learning, students' anxiety and stress levels. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0790/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals A Comparative Study to Assess the Quality of Life and Stress among Orphan and Non-orphan Children in Selected Areas of Bagalkot

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Santosh B Sajjan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Moderate Stress

Introduction: The word orphan comes from the Greek word ‘Orfanos’ and refers to a child permanently bereaved of or abandoned by his or her parents. Methods: A non-experimental descriptive comparative design has been adopted for the present study. The sample of the present study comprises orphan children residing in an orphanage and non-orphan children residing in selected areas of Bagalkot. The sample comprised 30 orphans and 30 non-orphans aged between 10 and 16 years. The data were collected by using self-report, structured closed-ended questionnaires for socio-demographic variables of children, self-administered WHO Quality of life BREF scale, and PSS stress scale. The data obtained were analysed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Findings related to the comparison between the level of stress among the orphan and non-orphan children revealed that majority of orphan children (76.66%) had about moderate stress, 23.33% of the orphan children had high stress, and none of the children had a low level of stress, whereas among non-orphan children, majority (90%) had moderate stress, 10% had low level stress, and none of them had high level stress. The findings related to the comparison of levels of quality of life among the orphan and non-orphan children reveal that a high percentage of orphan children (66.66%) had a moderate quality of life and some of them (33.33%) had a poor quality of life, whereas a high number of non-orphan children (66.66%) had a very good quality of life and some (33.33%) had a good quality of life. No significant association was found between the quality of life and stress scores with the socio-demographic variables of orphan and non-orphan children. Conclusion: The study concluded that orphan children need to improve their quality of life and decrease their level of stress.

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