Emisi gas rumah kaca, cadangan karbon serta strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi pada perkebunan kopi rakyat di Nusa Tenggara Barat (Greenhouse gas emission, carbon stock, adaptation and mitigation strategies at smallholder coffee plantation in West Nusa Tenggara)

Global warming and climate change are the world's major environmental, social and economic problems. The agricultural sector can act as an affected victim, greenhouse gas (GHG) contributor, and GHG absorber. Plantations have a very strategic role in the national action plan in GHG mitigation, because it has a great ability to absorb CO2. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the carbon stocks and GHG emissions from plantation management. The objectivesof the study wereto measure GHG emissions,to determine carbon stocks,and to define adaptation and mitigation strategies on climate change in existing coffee plantation systems. Gas samples were taken from 5 sampling points as replications by closedchamber method. Carbon stock estimation was done by destructive technique, including biomass of understorey and non-wood necromass. The results showed that the coffee plantations less than 10 years-oldat the study sites emitted 47 tons CO2-e/ha/year and stored carbon of 91.4 tons C/ha. Climate change adaptation strategies can be done by the application of good agricultural practices (GAP)andthe use of drought-tolerantclones, mulches,shade trees,multiple cropping systems, silt pitsand biophore techniques. The GHG mitigation can be done by the utilization of plantation waste as a source of organic fertilizer, biochar, animal feed, and bioenergy sources through the development of models of integration crop and livestock systems, as well as rejuvenation of plantation crops to increase carbon sinks and stocks. [Keywords: climate change, carbon sequestration, coffee plantations] Abstrak Pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim menjadi masalah utama lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi dunia hingga saat ini. Sektor pertanian dapat berperan sebagai korban terdampak, penyumbang Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK), dan penyerapGRK. Tanaman perkebunan mempunyai posisi sangat strategis dalam rencana aksi nasional di sektor pertanian, karena memiliki kemampuan besar dalam menyerap CO2. Oleh karena itu, pengukuran cadangan karbon dan emisi GRK dari pengelolaan perkebunan perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengukur emisi GRK, menentukan cadangan karbon dan menetapkan strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi terhadap perubahan iklim pada sistem perkebunan kopi rakyat eksisting di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pengambilan contoh gas dilakukan di limatitik sampling dengan metode sungkup tertutup. Penghitungan cadangan karbon di atas permukaan tanah dilakukan dengan cara destruktifyang mencakup juga penetapan cadangan karbon biomassatanaman bawah dan biomassaserasah (ne-kromas non kayu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkebunan kopi rakyat yang berumur kurang dari 10 tahun di lokasi penelitianmeng-emisikan karbon sebesar 47 ton CO2-e/ha/tahundan menyimpan cadangankarbon sebesar 91,4ton C/ha. Strategi adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan praktik Pertanian yang baik/ Good Agricultural Practices(GAP), penggunaan klon tahan kekeringan, penggunaan mulsa organik, pemanfaatanpohon penaungdan sistem tumpang sari, pembuatan rorak dan biopori.Mitigasi GRK dapat dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan limbah tanaman perkebunan sebagai sumber pupukorganik, arang (biochar), pakan ternak, dan sumber bioenergimelalui pengem-bangan model sistem integrasi tanaman dan ternak,serta peremajaan tanaman perkebunan yang sudah menurun produktivitasnya untuk meningkatkan serapan dan cadangankarbon. [Kata kunci :perubahan iklim, sekuestrasi karbon, perkebunan kopi]

Download Full-text

Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Cadangan Karbon pada Perkebunan Kopi Organik dan Konvensional di Kabupaten Badung, Bali

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v8n1.2021.p9-18 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Ika Ferry Yunianti ◽

I.D.A Yona Aprianthina ◽

Rina Kartikawati ◽

Eni Yulianingsih

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Management System ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Survey Method ◽

Coffee Plantation ◽

Coffee Plantations ◽

Coffee Cultivation

Coffee is a commodity that has an important role in the national economy. Currently, coffee cultivation is threatened by climate change caused by global warming due to increased green house gas (GHG) emissions. The organic plantation model is a farming model that is considered to increase soil and crop productivity, reduce GHG emissions, and increase carbon sequestration effectively. The study was aimed to estimate GHG emissions and carbon stocks in organic and conventional coffee plantations in Badung Regency, Bali Province and Laboratory in Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Pati, Jawa Tengah Province, in July 2018. The study was conducted in smallholder coffee plantations in Badung Regency and the analysis was carried out at Laboratory of Indonesian Agricultural Environtment Research Institute. This study used a survey method, while the sampling used a purposive sampling method in organic and conventional coffee plantation. GHG emissions measurement was carried out with a close chamber method by simultaneously the carbon stocks measurement was carried out with the non-destructive method for plant biomass and destructive for understorey. The results showed that organic and conventional coffee plantations emitted GHG by 20.71 and 39.75 ton CO2e ha-1 and stored carbon stock by 227.56 and 288.31 ton CO2e ha-1, respectively. The differences in GHG emissions and carbon stocks are partly due to differences in management system and the diversity of plant. The management system of the organic coffee plantation should be improved to support handling of the impacts of climate change in Bali Province.

Download Full-text

Climate Change Impact, Adaptation, and Mitigation in Temperate Grazing Systems: A Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11247224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 7224 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Afshin Ghahramani ◽

S. Mark Howden ◽

Agustin del Prado ◽

Dean T. Thomas ◽

Andrew D. Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Impact ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Temperate Grasslands ◽

Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Change Impact ◽

Adaptation And Mitigation

Managed temperate grasslands occupy 25% of the world, which is 70% of global agricultural land. These lands are an important source of food for the global population. This review paper examines the impacts of climate change on managed temperate grasslands and grassland-based livestock and effectiveness of adaptation and mitigation options and their interactions. The paper clarifies that moderately elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) enhances photosynthesis, however it may be restiricted by variations in rainfall and temperature, shifts in plant’s growing seasons, and nutrient availability. Different responses of plant functional types and their photosynthetic pathways to the combined effects of climatic change may result in compositional changes in plant communities, while more research is required to clarify the specific responses. We have also considered how other interacting factors, such as a progressive nitrogen limitation (PNL) of soils under eCO2, may affect interactions of the animal and the environment and the associated production. In addition to observed and modelled declines in grasslands productivity, changes in forage quality are expected. The health and productivity of grassland-based livestock are expected to decline through direct and indirect effects from climate change. Livestock enterprises are also significant cause of increased global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (about 14.5%), so climate risk-management is partly to develop and apply effective mitigation measures. Overall, our finding indicates complex impact that will vary by region, with more negative than positive impacts. This means that both wins and losses for grassland managers can be expected in different circumstances, thus the analysis of climate change impact required with potential adaptations and mitigation strategies to be developed at local and regional levels.

Download Full-text

Estimation of Carbon Stocks in Coffee Plantation in East Java

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v26i1.118 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aris Wibawa ◽

Fitria Yuliasmara ◽

Rudy Erwiyono

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Key Words ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Shade Trees ◽

Coffee Plant ◽

Coffee Plantation ◽

Coffee Plantations ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Robusta Coffee

Global warming is closely related with the amount of carbon stored in an ecosystem. A research to determine the amount of carbon stock in the coffee farms has been conducted in Sumberbaru and Silo Sub-districts in Jember district, Kaliwining Experimental Station (ES) in Jember district, Sumberasin ES in Malang district and Andungsari ES in Bondowoso district. Carbon stock was measured using the method of Rapid Carbon Stock’s Assessment (RaCSA) developed by ICRAF. Measurements were made on the observation plots of 200 m2, with 3 replications. Results of measurement of carbon stock on coffee plantations showed that the increased carbon stock was proportional with the age of plants. Carbon stock in coffee plantation depends on the shade tree system. In the monoculture coffee leucaena used as shade trees, the carbon stock was lower then in multistrata system (agroforestry) used several kinds of shade trees. Carbon stock on coffee plant in the estate more than smallholder. The average of carbon stock on Robusta coffee at the age of 30 years amounted to 29.38 Mg ha-1, it is greater than the carbon deposit on Arabica coffee that is 22.02 Mg ha-1.Key words: Carbon stock, coffee plantation, Arabica, Robusta, smallholder, agroforestri

Download Full-text

Climate Change and Livestock Production: A Literature Review

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos13010140 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

Muxi Cheng ◽

Bruce McCarl ◽

Chengcheng Fei

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Egg Production ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Research Directions ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Livestock Products ◽

Adaptation And Mitigation

Globally, the climate is changing, and this has implications for livestock. Climate affects livestock growth rates, milk and egg production, reproductive performance, morbidity, and mortality, along with feed supply. Simultaneously, livestock is a climate change driver, generating 14.5% of total anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Herein, we review the literature addressing climate change and livestock, covering impacts, emissions, adaptation possibilities, and mitigation strategies. While the existing literature principally focuses on ruminants, we extended the scope to include non-ruminants. We found that livestock are affected by climate change and do enhance climate change through emissions but that there are adaptation and mitigation actions that can limit the effects of climate change. We also suggest some research directions and especially find the need for work in developing country settings. In the context of climate change, adaptation measures are pivotal to sustaining the growing demand for livestock products, but often their relevance depends on local conditions. Furthermore, mitigation is key to limiting the future extent of climate change and there are a number of possible strategies.

Download Full-text

Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Carbon Stocks under Conservation Agricultural Practices in South Africa

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10090374 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 374 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patrick Nyambo ◽

Chiduza Cornelius ◽

Tesfay Araya

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Residue Management ◽

Co2 Fluxes ◽

Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

Understanding the impacts of agricultural practices on carbon stocks and CO2 emission is imperative in order to recommend low emission strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and residue management on soil CO2 fluxes, carbon stock, soil temperature, and moisture in the semi-arid conditions in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The field trial was laid out as a split-split-plot design replicated three times. The main plots were tillage viz conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT). The sub-plots were allocated to crop rotations viz maize–fallow–maize (MFM), maize–oat–maize (MOM), and maize–vetch–maize (MVM). Crop residue management was in the sub-sub plots, viz retention (R+), removal (R−), and biochar (B). There were no significant interactions (p > 0.05) with respect to the cumulative CO2 fluxes, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Crop residue retention significantly increased the soil moisture content relative to residue removal, but was not different to biochar application. Soil tilling increased the CO2 fluxes by approximately 26.3% relative to the NT. The carbon dioxide fluxes were significantly lower in R− (2.04 µmoL m−2 s−1) relative to the R+ (2.32 µmoL m−2 s−1) and B treatments (2.36 µmoL m−2 s−1). The carbon dioxide fluxes were higher in the summer (October–February) months compared to the winter period (May–July), irrespective of treatment factors. No tillage had a significantly higher carbon stock at the 0-5 cm depth relative to CT. Amending the soils with biochar resulted in significantly lower total carbon stock relative to both R+ and R−. The results of the study show that NT can potentially reduce CO2 fluxes. In the short term, amending soils with biochar did not reduce the CO2 fluxes compared to R+, however the soil moisture increases were comparable.

Download Full-text

Climate Smart Agriculture: A New Approach for Sustainable Intensification

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2330862 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 138-147

Author(s):

Gayatri Sahu ◽

Pragyan Paramita Rout ◽

Suchismita Mohapatra ◽

Sai Parasar Das ◽

Poonam Preeti Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Sustainable Intensification ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Agricultural System ◽

World Population ◽

Resource Degradation ◽

Security Challenge ◽

Smart Agriculture

World population is increasing day by day and at the same time agriculture is threatened due to natural resource degradation and climate change. A growing global population and changing diets are driving up the demand for food. The food security challenge will only become more difficult, as the world will need to produce about 70 percent more food by 2050 to feed an estimated 9 billion people. Production stability, agricultural productivity, income and food security is negatively affected by changing climate. Therefore, agriculture must change according to present situation for meeting the need of food security and also withstanding under changing climatic situation. Agriculture is a prominent source as well as a sink of greenhouse gases (GHGs). So, there is a need to modify agricultural practices in a sustainable way to overcome these problems. Developing climate smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. It helps the agricultural system to resist damage and recover quickly by adaptation and mitigation strategies. Sustainable Intensification is an essential means of adapting to climate change, also resulting in lower emissions per unit of output. With its emphasis on improving risk management, information flows and local institutions to support adaptive capacity, CSA provides the foundations for incentivizing and enabling intensification. Since climate smart agriculture is defined along three pillars (productivity increases, building resilience and adapting, and GHG emission reduction), key concepts such as productivity, resilience, vulnerability and carbon sequestration provide indicators for future empirical measurements of the climate smart agriculture concept.

Download Full-text

Soil Carbon Stock and Sequestration: Implications for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation

Ecological Intensification of Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.1007/978-981-33-4203-3_13 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 461-489

Author(s):

Nahid Khan ◽

Manoj Kumar Jhariya ◽

Abhishek Raj ◽

Arnab Banerjee ◽

Ram Swaroop Meena

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Soil Carbon Stock ◽

Adaptation And Mitigation

Download Full-text

Special Issue on Climate Change and Land Conservation and Restoration: Advances in Economics Methods and Policies for Adaptation and Mitigation

Agricultural and Resource Economics Review ◽

10.1017/age.2018.16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 195-200

Author(s):

Sarah Cline ◽

Sahan T. M. Dissanayake

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Timber Harvest ◽

Land Conservation ◽

Special Issue ◽

Welfare Impacts ◽

Adaptation And Mitigation

Climate change will likely impact the ecosystem services and biodiversity generated from conserved land. Land conservation can also play a significant role in achieving cost-effective mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. In this special issue we feature seven papers from the 2017 NAREA Workshop, “Climate Change and Land Conservation and Restoration: Advances in Economics Methods and Policies for Adaptation and Mitigation.” The articles include papers furthering the methodological frontier; portfolio optimization, dynamic rangeland stocking, and global timber harvest models, and those highlighting innovative applications; climate smart agricultural practices in Nigeria and Vietnam, welfare impacts on birding, and carbon and albedo pricing.

Download Full-text

Climate change advocacy: exploring links between student empowerment and civic engagement

International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education ◽

10.1108/ijshe-03-2020-0091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1209-1231

Author(s):

Alicia B. Wodika ◽

Wendi K. Middleton

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Service Learning ◽

Data Collection ◽

Civic Engagement ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Student Experiences ◽

Content Type ◽

The Usa ◽

Adaptation And Mitigation

Purpose This study identified the attitudes and behaviors of college students regarding their advocacy for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Specifically, perceptions of climate change were assessed and advocacy activities were identified for climate change and/or other topics. Design/methodology/approach Using convenience sampling, students (n = 440) from three universities in the Midwest, the USA, completed surveys assessing their level of agreement with activities related to civic engagement, climate change and policy. Semantic differential scales focused on “learning about climate change,” “advocating for climate change mitigation” and “advocating for climate change adaptation.” Three open-ended questions were used to identify student experiences with civic engagement and/or service-learning, as well as topics in which they advocate and how they advocate. Findings Regarding advocacy in general, over 50% of the sample did not advocate for any topic, with 24.5% of students stating they advocated for the environment/climate change. Students who identified as female, democratic and 1st or 2nd year in school were more likely to be engaged with environmental advocacy. Regarding civic engagement, seniors were more actively engaged with their communities and also more likely to vote in local, state and national elections. Research limitations/implications Time of data collection was a potential limitation with schools conducting data collection at different time periods. Students who identified more progressive politically were also more likely to participate in the study. Originality/value While research exists regarding student civic engagement levels, this research project identified ways in which students engaged in advocacy, identifying potential links with civic engagement and enhanced participation in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.

Download Full-text