scholarly journals Principles of spatial organization and agrarian structure of Ancient Rome

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Inna Andreevna Gvozdeva
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Spatial Thinking ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Perpendicular Line ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Main Ideas

In archaic societies the idea of the spatial organisation was embodied in the cosmogony and was accompanied by a complicated ritual. The Romans embraced the principles of spatial thinking from the Etruscans inherited from them also ritual. In ancient traditions, it is this ritual which have obscured the main ideas on division of space. Reconstruction of the heavenly temple on earth made by the priest largely depended on his individual perception of this task. Adapting the projection of the celestial temple to the spatial division, the Romans gradually began to get rid of the undefined elements of the ritual. Now it was focused on conducting of the principal axes, namely on their orientation towards the four cardinal points. First one held the line designating the East-West, then the perpendicular line North-South. Thus was created the cross of divisors with confined spaces, i.e. coordinate system. The main element of the theory of the Roman spatial division was the limit - a straight line, just held on geographical areas. All limits (main and parallel) precisely defined section of land. In practice, the Roman surveyors carefully spaced and accurately divided areas with limits. These principles are used by the Romans in the organization of the lands in Italy and in the provinces.

scholarly journals Horizontal Cervix as a Novel Sign for Predicting Adhesions on the Posterior Extrauterine Wall in Cases of Placenta Previa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Matsuzaki ◽  
Aiko Okada ◽  
Masayuki Endo ◽  
Yoshikazu Nagase ◽  
Satoshi Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placenta Accreta ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Perpendicular Line ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Line Passing ◽  
Adhesion Rate ◽  
Placenta Accreta Spectrum ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

We aimed to identify a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature that can predict posterior extrauterine adhesion (posterior adhesion) antenatally, in patients with placenta previa. We retrospectively reviewed patients with placenta previa who underwent a preoperative MRI examination of placenta accreta spectrum. We categorized the patients into two groups based on whether the cervix was anterior or posterior to a line perpendicular to the anatomical conjugate on the MRI. We projected the perpendicular line toward a straight line through the broad of the back on T2-weighted sagittal MRI images and measured the angle between this line and the line passing through the cervical canal. We analyzed the correlation of the cervical canal angle with the presence of posterior adhesions. Of the 96 patients analyzed, 71 patients had an anteverted cervix and 25 patients had a retroverted cervix. There were 21 posterior adhesions. The adhesion rate was significantly higher in patients with a retroverted cervix than those with an anteverted cervix (8.5% vs. 60%; p = 0.00). The cervical canal angle was ≤10° in 25 patients; of these 17 had adhesions (sensitivity, 81.0%; specificity, 89.3%; area under the curve, 0.887; 95% confidence interval, 0.792–0.981). This finding, labeled “positive horizontal cervix sign,” may be a promising indicator of posterior adhesions in patients with placenta previa.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN VISUAL-SPATIAL THINKING DALAM GEOMETRI RUANG MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS KUNINGAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumarni Sumarni ◽  
Anggar Titis Prayitno
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
College Student ◽  
Spatial Thinking ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Perpendicular Line ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Thinking Ability

Abstract Geometry is a branch of mathematics that is taught in school, from elementary school, high school and college. Student Mathematics Education Kuningan University in the course Geometry 3D which gained less than satisfactory achievements in the course of the geometry 3D. The ability visual thinking and spatial thinking affect learners' achievements in learning the geometry. Authors interested in diagnosing the difficulties Student Mathematics Education of Kuningan University in the course Geometry 3D through Ability Test of Visual-Spatial Thinking. The purpose of this study is to diagnose visual-spatial thinking abilities Student of Kuningan University and describe efforts to improve student results in the course of the geometry 3D. Based on the exposure of the work about the ability of visual-spatial thinking and discussion it can be concluded that: a) The ability of visual-spatial thinking mathematics education student Kuningan University is still low, especially students who are capable of moderate and low. Students are still experiencing difficulties in resolving problems related to the concept of a perpendicular line and projections; distance of points, lines and areas; as well as the angle between the line and the field; b) The ability of visual-spatial thinking is a skill that must be developed in studying the geometry 3D, one of the low result of learning the geometry 3D is due to the ability of visual-spatial thinking is still low; c) One effort to improve visual-spatial thinking ability of students is learning the geometry of space through problem-based learning with assisted software GeoGebra.Keywords: Visual-Spatial Thinking Ability, Geometri 3D

scholarly journals MUSIC AND SONGS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4(68)) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
L. Babaievska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Music Methods ◽  
Foreign Language Proficiency ◽  
Main Ideas

Under consideration are main methods and approaches to teaching foreign languages, the main element of which is music and songs. The latest research and scientific publications on the use of musical material in teaching various aspects of foreign languages – grammar, vocabulary, speaking, listening, writing – have been analyzed. The main ideas and stages of introducing musical methods in the educational process have been described. The role of musical material in teaching foreign languages has been determined. The paper highlights basic skills of foreign language proficiency which can be improved by means of music methods and approaches. There have been indicated advantages of each of the presented methods. The effectiveness of the use of music and songs in teaching foreign languages has been proved.

scholarly journals Extraction of fluvial networks in lidar data using marked point processes

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-3 ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
A. Schmidt ◽  
F. Rottensteiner ◽  
U. Soergel ◽  
C. Heipke
Keyword(s):  
Point Processes ◽  
Marked Point ◽  
Marked Point Processes ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Network Graph ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Junction Points ◽  
High Gradients

We propose a method for the automatic extraction of fluvial networks in lidar data with the aim to obtain a connected network represented by the fluvial channels' skeleton. For that purpose we develop a two-step approach. First, we fit rectangles to the data using a stochastic optimization based on a Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) sampler and simulated annealing. High gradients on the rectangles' border and non-overlapping areas of the objects are introduced as model in the optimization process. In a second step, we determine the principal axes of the rectangles and their intersection points. Based on this a network graph is constructed in which nodes represent junction points or end points, respectively, and edges in-between straight line segments. We evaluate our method on lidar data with a tidal channel network and show some preliminary results.

THE EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING OBJECT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MASS PERFORMANCES

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
S. A KOLESNIKOV ◽  
E. E KOZLOVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Mass Events ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article presents the evolution of architectural and urban planning object in the context of the spatial organization of the mass performances. By the architectural and urban object we mean a certain environment or building intended for mass events. The first types of mass performances appeared in ancient Greece. Various forms of mass celebrations existed in ancient Rome, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, etc. Each type of mass performances had its own certain architectural structure or entertaining area. For example, a gladiatorial combats in ancient Rome were held in the Coliseum, and the medieval carnivals generally took place in town squares and streets.

THE REFLECTION OF CULTURAL ASPECTS ON VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE: CASE OF BURHANLI VILLAGE, CEYHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (22) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
A. Yeliz GÖĞEBAKAN ◽  
F. Duygu SABAN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Local Residents

Aim: The financial, social and cultural development in urban areas encouraged people to move out from rural areas which resulted in the extinction of vernacular architecture shaped as a result of cultural background. The main aim of this study is to examine how cultural aspects are reflected to spaces in vernacular architecture. Method: Burhanlı Village located in Ceyhan/Adana is chosen as the case study, because of its unique settlement character where yörük culture can still be seen. Within the scope of the study, historical development of Burhanlı village is examined, survey drawings of 16 traditional houses are prepared and interviews with local residents are undertaken in order to understand how culture is reflected in inner and outer spaces. Findings: It is ascertained that building stock in the village is mostly comprised of two storey houses, where ground floors are used as stables or warehouses, the upper floors include spaces for daily living. In the houses where sofa is the main element of the plan organization, wood, mud brick or stone was used as building material and it is revealed that traditional houses are under threat because of poor quality intervention. Conclusion: It is determined that culture was reflected more in details in inner and outer spaces rather than spatial organization and that these unique qualities have to be preserved.

scholarly journals The identity`s problem and the problem of national identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-245
Author(s):  
Zh.A. Tusupbekov ◽  
◽  
N.O. Baigabylov ◽  
N.A. Orynbasarova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
International Space ◽  
Sense Of Identity ◽  
Main Ideas

The article focuses on the issues of preserving national identity. The concept of uniqueness, which occurred in the context of globalization, primarily viewed self-identity, i.e. the key role of cultural identity as a member of society, forming a stable view of themselves and a sense of identity of people allowing it to find its place in international space. In other words, the main element of each national identity is an unambiguous integrity or cultural identity, perceived as the character of the nation. In this article, the authors conclude that semantic integrity determines the unshakeable unity of joining the entire system to unity. Thus, it will conclude that it is impossible to change the uniqueness without changing its main ideas. The article concludes that globalization seeks to disrupt national identity, destroy the global processes of its democratization, standardization of culture, economy, universalization of values, and informatization.

scholarly journals III. On the motion of a sphere in a viscous liquid

1888 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 43-63 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Liquid ◽  
Steady Motion ◽  
Constant Force ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Small Oscillations ◽  
Uniform Velocity ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
The Subject

1. The first problem relating to the motion of a solid body in a viscous liquid which was successfully attacked was that of a sphere, the solution of which was given by Professor Stokes in 1850, in his memoir “On the Effect of the Internal Friction of Fluids on Pendulums,” ‘Cambridge Phil. Soc. Trans.,’ vol. 9, in the following cases: (i.) when the sphere is performing small oscillations along a straight line; (ii.) when the sphere is constrained to move with uniform velocity in a straight line; (iii.) when the sphere is surrounded by an infinite liquid and constrained to rotate with uniform angular velocity about a fixed diameter: it being supposed, in the last two cases, that sufficient time has elapsed for the motion to have become steady. In the same memoir he also discusses the motion of a cylinder and a disc. The same class of problems has also been considered by Meyer and Oberbeck, the latter of whom has obtained the solution in the case of the steady motion of an ellipsoid, which moves parallel to any one of its principal axes with uniform velocity. The torsional oscillations about a fixed diameter, of a sphere which is either filled with liquid or is surrounded by an infinite liquid when slipping takes place at the surface of the sphere, forms the subject of a joint memoir by Helmholtz and Piotrowski. Very little appears to have been effected with regard to the solution of problems in which a viscous liquid is set in motion in any given manner and then left to itself. The solution, when the liquid is bounded by a plane which moves parallel to itself, is given by Professor Stokes at the end of his memoir referred to above; and the solutions of certain problems of two-dimensional motion have been given by Stearn. In the present paper I propose to obtain the solution for a sphere moving in a viscous liquid in the following cases:—(i.) when the sphere is moving in a straight line under the action of a constant force, such as gravity; (ii.) when the sphere is surrounded by viscous liquid and is set in rotation about a fixed diameter and then left to itself.

Microdensitometer—computer correlation analysis of ultrastructural periodicity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
D.R. Ensor ◽  
C.G. Jensen ◽  
J.A. Fillery ◽  
R.J.K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Screw Thread ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Computer Storage ◽  
Correlation Process ◽  
Electron Microscope Image ◽  
Fixed Beam

Because periodicity is a major indicator of structural organisation numerous methods have been devised to demonstrate periodicity masked by background “noise” in the electron microscope image (e.g. photographic image reinforcement, Markham et al, 1964; optical diffraction techniques, Horne, 1977; McIntosh,1974). Computer correlation analysis of a densitometer tracing provides another means of minimising "noise". The correlation process uncovers periodic information by cancelling random elements. The technique is easily executed, the results are readily interpreted and the computer removes tedium, lends accuracy and assists in impartiality.A scanning densitometer was adapted to allow computer control of the scan and to give direct computer storage of the data. A photographic transparency of the image to be scanned is mounted on a stage coupled directly to an accurate screw thread driven by a stepping motor. The stage is moved so that the fixed beam of the densitometer (which is directed normal to the transparency) traces a straight line along the structure of interest in the image.

Freeze fracture imaging and computer simulation of liposome structure: Membrane geometry and defects

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Closed Surfaces ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Concentric Spheres ◽  
Membrane Geometry ◽  
Dupin Cyclides ◽  
Limiting Case

At low weight fractions, many surfactant and biological amphiphiles form dispersions of lamellar liquid crystalline liposomes in water. Amphiphile molecules tend to align themselves in parallel bilayers which are free to bend. Bilayers must form closed surfaces to separate hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains completely. Continuum theory of liquid crystals requires that the constant spacing of bilayer surfaces be maintained except at singularities of no more than line extent. Maxwell demonstrated that only two types of closed surfaces can satisfy this constraint: concentric spheres and Dupin cyclides. Dupin cyclides (Figure 1) are parallel closed surfaces which have a conjugate ellipse (r1) and hyperbola (r2) as singularities in the bilayer spacing. Any straight line drawn from a point on the ellipse to a point on the hyperbola is normal to every surface it intersects (broken lines in Figure 1). A simple example, and limiting case, is a family of concentric tori (Figure 1b).To distinguish between the allowable arrangements, freeze fracture TEM micrographs of representative biological (L-α phosphotidylcholine: L-α PC) and surfactant (sodium heptylnonyl benzenesulfonate: SHBS)liposomes are compared to mathematically derived sections of Dupin cyclides and concentric spheres.

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