scholarly journals Keeping cultural codes: the customs and ceremonies of ethnic minorities under Russian rule

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-387
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Trepavlov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethnic Policy

When establishing its rule over other nationalities, the Russian Empire relied on local elites, including their aristocracy, tribal chiefs, and sometimes the clergy. In addition to retaining some of their traditional privileges, they were also granted new benefits. The same paradigm applied to the ethnic policy of both the Muscovite state and the Russian Empire: a combination of nation-wide standards of citizenship and management with local traditional principles of organizing society. The cultural codes of Russian officials and settlers on the one hand and the expanding states non-Slavic population on its the eastern and southern frontiers overlapped and influenced each other. To lessen the opposition of its minorities, the empires administration often adapted new regulations to their cultural norms. For pragmatic reasons, officials acknowledged the importance of at least showing some respect to subjects who spoke different languages and professed different beliefs. As a result of this interaction, the cultures of the rulers and the non-Russian nationalities they ruled influenced each other.

scholarly journals Religious Aspect of Colonization of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
K.S. Matytsin
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Period ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
Doctrine Of The Church ◽  
Religious Reasons ◽  
The Church

The main period of development of new territories of Western Siberia that located outside the borders of the Russian Empire falls on the period from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 19th centuries. This is due to the Old Believers processes. It was found that the main reasons for the colonization of Western Siberia were: on the one hand, the resumption of repressive policies towards the Old Believers in Altai by the state and the official church, in connection with the transfer of the Kolyvan-Voskresensky factories under the control of the Cabinet; on the other hand, the creation of new dogmatics current of the Old Believers. The latter allowed the Old Believers to reconsider their attitude to historical events, power, and the sacraments of the church. Thus, in the study we identified three interrelated areas ofbespopov's thought: eschatology (the doctrine of the end of the world), ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church), soteriology (the doctrine of salvation). Having established that the confessional composition of the Old Believers, who were the founders of settlements in Western Siberia we came to the conclusion that the development of these territories took place for religious reasons.

scholarly journals Three contrasting colors in the kaleidoscope of Taras Shevchenko’s diary: “Radiant,” “Hardly-forgettable” and “Liubitsa”

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Dmytro Yesypenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
Alternative Reading

The subject of this paper is Taras Shevchenko’s attitude towards the key personalities – Mykhailo Shchepkin, Nicholas I, and Yekaterina Piunova – as reflected in his diary (also called “The Journal”). The goal is to focus on the author’s characteristics of these people, those that illuminate his own personality too. Although there are a number of studies on the poet’s contacts with them, quite a few important details still remain unclear and unexplained. Another pertinent issue is dubious theses and interpretations, which have become widespread in academic discourse. Thus, the article proposes possible answers to a number of problematic issues in the studies of Shevchenko’s biography. It covers the formation of an almost entirely positive image of Shchepkin, the expressions of the author’s respect and affection to him, that were misunderstood by researchers. The paper also emphasizes Shevchenko’s authorship of the bright expression “neudobozabyvaemyi Tormoz” [hardly-forgettable brake/slowpoke], the one attached to the most negative character of the diary, Tsar Nicholas I. It explains the accuracy of the author’s notes about the monarch’s influence on the architectural development of the cities in the Russian Empire. Particular attention is paid to the prospects of research of those events and plots that, for various reasons, were virtually never mentioned in “The Journal.” I propose an explanation for the fact why Shevchenko did not provide lengthier feedback on his train ride, this new experience for him. The article also talks about the most controversial figure in the diary, namely Piunova. I suggest an alternative reading and etymology for one of the epithets addressed to her, that speaks in favor of the poet’s linguistic competencies and creativity. The emerging result of the research is the clarification of a few episodes of the poet’s biography and his relationship with the mentioned persons. The article demonstrates the productivity of a comprehensive examination of the text both at its macro- and micro-levels. This novel approach combining “distant” and “close” reading can be successfully used for investigation of other Shevchenko contacts and personalities mentioned in his diary.

scholarly journals Ioannites - the course of the chiliastic-eschatological orientation of Orthodox origin

2006 ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Liudmyla M. Shuhayeva
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Kingdom Of Christ ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century

In the first decades of the XIX century. the territory of the Russian Empire from Western Europe is beginning to penetrate chiliastic ideas. The term "chiliism" refers to the well-known doctrine of the millennial kingdom of Icyca Christ on earth, dating to the first centuries of Christianity. The ideas of chilias became especially popular during the reign of Alexander I, who himself was sympathetic to the mystical-chiliatic teachings. Chilias in the Russian Empire spread in two ways. On the one hand, chiliastic ideas penetrated with the works of German mystics of the late eighteenth - early twentieth centuries. On the other hand, in anticipation of the fast approaching of the millennial kingdom of Christ, the German cultists of the Hiliists moved large parties across southern Russia to the Caucasus, thereby facilitating the spread of their ideas. The religious formations of the Orthodox sectarianism of the chiliastic-eschatological orientation are represented by the Jehovah-Hlinists ("Right Brotherhood"), the Ioannites, and the Malavans.

scholarly journals The Foundations of N.K. Mikhailovsky's Theory. Formation of “Subjective Sociology”, Late 1860s – mid-1870s

2021 ◽  
Vol V (2) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Andrey Teslya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky (1842–1904) is one of the most well-known and influential Russian publicists of the last third of the 19th and the beginning of 20th century, ideologist of the Narodniki movement, the author of the conception known as “subjective sociology” and the editor of journal Russian wealth at the end of his life. Yet, while his role in the history of Russian social movement or literary-aesthetic views have been quite fully studied, his social theory has rarely become the object of the special analysis during the last century. On the one hand, it was shadowed by the theories which appeared earlier and had more influence even abroad (outside the Russian empire) as, for example, the ideas of Herzen, Bakunin, Chernyshevsky, Lavrov. On the other hand, Mikhaylovsky, who was severely criticized by Russian social democrats in 1894–1901, was perceived as a rather weak theorist. In this article, we demonstrate the essential differences between the early conceptual advances of Mikhaylovsky and P.L. Lavrov and assert that the conception of the former was influenced both by the rethinking of the Darwinism from a viewpoint of understanding of nature and by the conclusions for social theory. Unlike Lavrov, Mikhaylovsky, as well as Herzen, was an advocate of non-teleological understanding of progress and favored the interpretation of history as logical yet free from strict determinism. In conclusion, Mikhaylovsky’s opinion about the society, which was formed at the end of 1860s – first quarter of 1870s, appears as a quite consistent and elaborated system, an answer to the theoretical challenges. Firstly, on the part of the Darwinism and the attempt to apply it to the analysis of the society. Secondly, on the part of the organicism. Lastly, we give an interpretation to the decline of the public interest to the social theory of Mikhaylovsky at the end of the 19th – beginning of 20th century.

scholarly journals The Birth of Cinema in the Russian Empire and Film Censorship

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Natascha Drubek
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Film Censorship ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

The second part of the article (forbeginning see Issue # 4 (34) 2017) looks intothe spiritual (religious) censorship and its relationshipwith the institute of the householdcensorship regulating the representation of thesacral in the Russian Empire. The author investigatesthe ways of controlling the content ofthe films and their demonstration. An attemptto limit the circulation of the Tzars movingimage, the withdrawal of the Khodynka footage,on the one hand, and on the other hand,the success of the first Lumi.re films includingthe portrayal of the Russian Emperor starting thedomestic production of Tzarist newsreels ledto the emergence of Russain film censorship.

scholarly journals Non-Russians at Royal Coronations: The Ethnic Politics of the Empire in Ceremonies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Trepavlov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Ethnic Policy ◽  
Selection Of

This article considers the participation of representatives of the non-Slavic population of the Russian Empire in the coronation ceremony of the monarch. The author of the article refers both to published and archival sources from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive and the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. On the basis of these documents, it is demonstrated how “alien” deputations were compiled for participation in the “sacred coronation” ceremony; how officials in the centre and periphery selected deputies who they thought were worthy; in which capacity they attended the ceremony; and what value it had for the internal policy of the state. The cooperation with the elites of the peoples that made up the Russian Empire was one of the leading principles of ethnic politics. An important means of involving ethnic elites (as well as the non-Slavic population in general) in the life of the state and implementing government policies was to form a cult of the Russian monarch. The convocation of multiethnic masses in the Kremlin and other Moscow celebrations not only marked the national diversity of Russia but was also meant to demonstrate the unity of all its inhabitants around the new autocrat. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the symbolic capital of supreme power. The article reveals how it was maintained and supported in the eyes of different ethnic subjects. Participation in a series of coronation rituals was also important for the non-Russian subjects themselves. It was an opportunity to represent one’s people. Gradually, an algorithm was developed for the selection of people invited to the celebration. Representatives of the ethnic elite, aristocracy, and highest clergy were seen as the most desirable, although by the end of the nineteenth century, it was considered reasonable to invite commoners. The participation of representatives of the country’s peoples in the ceremony of enthronement was an important element of imperial ethnic policy.

Abortions in the Under-Russian Ukraine in the 19th – early 20th centuries: modernization vs. traditional culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
M. Krugliak
Keyword(s):  
Single Mother ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
Peasant Women ◽  
Material Factor

The article considers the attitude of the society of the Under-Russian Ukraine of the 19th – early 20th centuries to abortion through the prism of confronting the values of traditional culture with its condemnation of abortion as a sin of infanticide, and new urbanization trends that justified abortion. The growth in the number of abortions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which was a natural consequence of the deformation of the family institution against the background of modernization processes, has been demonstrated. The reasons that pushed women to have an abortion have been analysed. If among rural girls the main reason was the fear of being punished by the community for premarital sex or adultery, becoming an outcast (single mother), etc., among urban residents the material factor dominated (inability to feed a large number of children). At the same time, it was determined why abortions were low popularity among peasant women (strong positions of the Christian doctrine of infanticide, high probability of death during the operation, the dominance of the cult of the mother). Methods of abortion (mechanical and chemical) are given. The criminal liability of women and midwives for miscarriage is shown. The author provides significant statistics on the number of people convicted of criminal abortion not only in the Russian Empire, but also in the world, as well as examples of public struggle for the decriminalization of abortion. Legislation of the Russian Empire in the early twentieth century demonstrates a much more loyal attitude towards women who have resorted to abortion, given the new realities and challenges of the time. The probability of punishment for abortion was low, because, on the one hand, most miscarriages were made voluntarily, and therefore cases were rarely sent to court, except in the case of a woman’s death during surgery, and on the other hand – jurors often acquitted abortions. women and midwives.

What Is a “Minority” in an Imperial Formation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Paul W. Werth
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

Abstract Is minority a term applicable to groups in the Russian Empire, as an imperial formation? This article seeks to answer this question by engaging with two others: (1) Was there a term (or terms) that conveyed that idea? And, (2) Was there a historical experience among particular segments of that society with attributes that we may associate with “minorities”? The article proposes that, on the one hand, there can be no minorities unless a majority has itself come into being, and, on the other, that growing association of the state with the Russian people specifically, and the claim that other East Slavs were also Russian despite regional particularities, along with efforts to create a kind of citizenship through institutions that were inclusive of non-Russian peoples, began to constitute such a majority and minorities in Russia.

Satire, Empire and Chromaticism in Dargomyzhsky’s Orchestral Fantasias

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-316
Author(s):  
KIRILL ZIKANOV
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Recognition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western Border ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Negotiations

AbstractIn 1863, Alexander Dargomyzhsky hatched plans for a gallery of humorous fantasias that would depict nationalities residing on the western border of the Russian Empire, including Baltic Germans, Poles, Ukrainians and Finns. On the one hand, this gallery of satirical portraits was an effective way of capturing the attention of domestic audiences, since the western borderlands were at the forefront of Russian popular attention in the wake of the Polish uprising. On the other hand, Dargomyzhsky repeatedly reiterated his intention that the fantasias should function as a means of achieving international recognition, and a year later he actually set off on a promotional tour across Europe. Together, the imperial implications of the three resulting fantasias, Dargomyzhsky’s attempts to market them abroad and the compositional inventiveness of the final fantasia, the Chukhon Fantasy, locate Dargomyzhsky’s orchestral oeuvre as a crucial node in the convoluted aesthetic and cultural negotiations of Russian nineteenth-century music.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ACTIVITY IN YELISAVETGRAD REGION IN 1865-1917

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Pertsov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
Military School ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
School Activity

In the article, the features of military educational institutions activity in Yelisavetgrad region in 1865–1917 have been studied. The purpose of the article is to study features of Yelisavetgrad cavalry junker school activity in Yelisavetgrad region in 1865–1917. The purpose of the Yelisavetgrad cavalry junker school was analysed as the one to prepare high-moral officers-practitions and as a military one that had the right to train officers in the rank of Cornets. It has been concluded that at a certain point of its activity Yelisavetgrad cavalry junker school became the second in the Russian Empire due to its the internal organization of the institution's life in accordance with the current charter of the internal service in the troops, the organization of the educational process and the regime in the school.Key words: military educational institutions, Yelisavetgrad region, military school, officer cavalry school, military education.

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